• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.152-161
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• 2018

This study aims to evaluate biogenic amine levels of bez sucuks (BS) produced with different meat:fat ratios. For this, three BS groups were manufactured with meat:fat ratios of 90:10 (BS10), 80:20 (BS20), and 70:30 (BS30). The pH and water activity values and biogenic amine amounts of sucuk samples were determined during processing and storage periods and the pH values of the initial mixtures of BS samples were in the range 5.51-5.74, decreasing to 4.72-4.94 by the $14^{th}$ day. The water activity values of BS samples showed significant decreases as a result of the drying stage and reached to range 0.913-0.935 on the $14^{th}$ day of processing (p<0.05). Although BS10 had the highest tyramine (434.12 mg/kg), histamine (5.69 mg/kg), cadaverine (12.48 mg/kg), putrescine (17.83 mg/kg), 2-phenylethylamine (15.43 mg/kg), and tryptamine (122.41 mg/kg) levels at the end of processing stage (p<0.05), spermine and spermidine levels did not differ between the BS samples due to their utilization of different meat:fat ratios (p>0.05). Similarly, the tryptamine (205.11 mg/kg), putrescine (43.57 mg/kg), and tyramine (766.23 mg/kg) levels of BS10 were higher than BS20 and BS30 samples at the end of storage (p<0.05). The results showed that BS10 with the highest meat ratio had the highest tryptamine, putrescine, and tyramine levels at the end of the processing and storage period.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.201-205
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• 2002

대조구, 질산염급원, 아민급원 및 질산염-아민급원 함유식이에 인공타액과 위액을 첨가하여 인공소화시켰을 때 각 식이의 NDMA 함량은 각각 2.5$\pm$0.8$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, 8.5$\pm$1.2$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, 6.0$\pm$0.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg 및 8.0$\pm$1.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg 이었다. 이들 식이에 금귤쥬스 10m1를 첨가하여 인공소화시켰을 때 NDMA생성억제 효과는 아민급원 함유식이에서 69.4$\pm$2.4%로 가장 높은 억제효과를 나타내었다. 금귤쥬스로부터 HPLC를 이용하여 분취한 페놀 화합물의 모든 분획에서 NDMA 생성억제 효과가 나타났으며, 특히 fraction no. 4에서 66.5$\pm$2.0%로 가장 높았다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.25-45
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• 2023

This study evaluated the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of ethanol extract of calamansi pulp (CPE) and its effect on quality and biogenic amine (BAs) formation in pork patties during storage. The CPE were prepared in various conditions (ethanol concentrations of 50%, 70%, and 90% with extraction periods of 3 and 6 days). The extract with potent antibacterial and antioxidant activities (90%, 6 days) was selected for addition to pork patties. Three groups were tested: Control (without extract addition), CPE addition at 0.2% w/w (0.2PCPE), and 0.4% w/w (0.4PCPE). The addition of CPE inhibited the formation of BAs, mainly cadaverine, histamine, and tyramine, in pork patties during storage. The pH and bacterial count of pork patties decreased significantly in a concentration-dependent manner following the addition of CPE. The instrumental color (CIE L^*, CIE a^*, and CIE b^*) tended to be higher in 0.4PCPE than in the control during storage. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) values of pork patties were affected by CPE, showing a reduction toward lipid oxidation at any storage period, and maintaining the lowest VBN value in 0.4PCPE at the final storage day. Similarly, the reduction of total BAs in pork patties was observed ranged between 3.4%-38.1% under treatment with 0.2% CPE, whereas 18.4%-51.4% under 0.4% CPE addition, suggesting significant effect of CPE to improve meat quality. These novel findings demonstrate the efficacy of 0.4% CPE as a natural compound to preserve the quality and reduce BAs formation in pork patties during storage.

• 폴리머
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.625-634
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• 2001

액상 이소프렌 고무에 무수 말레간(MAH)을 그라프팅시킨 후 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol (TMPO)를 반응시켜 hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS)가 함유된 새로운 고분자형 광안정제를 합성하고, SBR에 대한 광안정제로서의 특성을 관찰하였다. 새로운 고분자형 광안정제의 조성과 물리적 성질은 적정법, GPC 그리고 열중량 분석에 의하여 분석하였다. SBR의 광산화 반응에 대한 고분자형 광안정제의 효과를 254nm 자외선 조사에 따른 자외선 흡광도의 변화, 관능기 변화 그리고 잔막율로서 관찰한 결과, 새로운 고분자형 광안정제를 첨가함으로써 광산화 반응이 효과적으로 억제되었다. 또한, 고부자형 광안정제의 추출내성은 저분자량의 모델 화합물에 비하여 훨씬 우수하였으며, 고분자형 광안정제와 SBR의 상용성은 TMPO가 SBR 필름 표면에 균일하게 고루 분산되어 있어서 매우 우수하였다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제11권9호
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• pp.786-791
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• 2001

$\alpha$,$\omega$-Bis(4-glycidyloxybenzylidene-4-aminophenyl)methane (BGBAM) was synthesized from the initial materials, 4-hydroxylbenzaldehyde (HBA), 4,4'-methylenedianiline (MDA) and epichlorohydrin. The DSC trace for BGBAM shows two endotherms associated with the liquid crystalline phase transition around $104.2^{\circ}C$ and the isotropic transition around $171.2^{\circ}C$, and it also has a broad exotherm in the range of $178~300^{\circ}C$ due to the anionic homopolymerization of BGBAM. DSC curve for the curing of BGBAM with hexamethylene diamine (HMD) shows an endothermic peak around $93^{\circ}C$ attributed to the melting of BGBAM. It also has three exothermic peaks around $128.4^{\circ}C$ and $180.2^{\circ}C$ associated with the epoxide-amine reaction and weak peak in the range of $200~263^{\circ}C$ related to the anionic homopolymerization between the unreacted epoxide groups. The activation energy values of cure reaction by Kissinger method are 66.5, 67.3 and 90.6 kJ/mol for $T_{pl},\; T_{p2}\; and \;T_{p3},\; respectively$. The kinetic parameters by isoconverional method are similar value to those from Kissinger method.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2005

Ion-exchange polymeric stationary phases presenting amino acid and amino groups were prepared by the surface grafting of glycidyl methacrylate onto a silica gel surface and subsequent amination. Three kinds of amino acids-L-arginine (Arg), D-lysine (Lys), and D-histine (His)-were used in this study. An ion-exchange polymeric stationary phase presenting ethylene diamine (EDA) was also prepared by surface graft polymerization. Separation of the model proteins bovine serum albumin (BSA), chick egg albumin (CEA), and hemoglobin (Hb) was performed using the amino acid- and amine-derived columns. In separating the CEA/BSA mixture, the resolution time of BSA was longer than that of CEA when using the EDA column, whereas the resolution time of BSA was shorter than that of CEA when using the Arg, Lys, and His columns. In the separation of the Hb/BSA mixture, the resolution time of BSA was longer than that of Hb in the EDA column, whereas the resolution time of BSA was shorter than that of Hb in the amino acid columns (D-Lys, L-Arg, and D-His).

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.108-112
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• 1984

Interactions between metal ions and chitosan in solution were studied by spectroscopic and viscometric measurements. $Cu^{++}$-chitosan complex exhibited an absorption band at 265 nm, whereas D-glucosamine complex showed one at 245 nm. The difference in ${\lambda}_{max}$ was attributed to the different amine to $Cu^{2+}$ ratios of the complexes, that is, 2 : 1 for chitosan and 1 : 1 for D-glucosamine. The molar absorptivities and binding constants of the complexes were evaluatatled. The binding of $Cu^{2+}$ to chitosan was cooperative near pH 5, and both intra- and intermolecular chelations depending on chitosan and $Cu^{2+}$concentrations were observed, The intermolecular chelation was stabilized by addition of salts. The cooperative intermolecular chelation of $Ni^{++}$ was also observed at pH 6.2. No significant binding of other divalent ions was observed. The reported high adsorption abilities of chitosan particles for these ions were attributed to the deposition of metal hydroxide aggregates in pores of chitosan particles rather than chelation to amine groups.

• Composites Research
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.180-185
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• 2021

기존 아민계 경화제를 사용해 액정 에폭시를 경화할 경우, 랜덤 한 3차원 네트워크 구조의 생성으로 인해 phonon의 산란이 많이 발생하기 때문에 열전도도가 낮게 나타났다. 이러한 문제를 mesogen그룹을 적층된 구조로 형성하는 양이온 개시제를 이용하여 해결하기 위해 본 연구에서는 아민계 경화제와 양이온 개시제를 사용한 에폭시의 TGA분석(Thermogravimetric Analysis)을 통해 등온 열분해 활성화에너지를 조사하여 열적안정성을 비교하였다. 양이온 개시제를 이용한 에폭시의 경우 활성화가 에너지가 높았으며 기존 실험과 비교했을 때, 열적안정성은 열전도도와 비슷한 양상을 보인다.

• 폴리머
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.165-168
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• 2015

하이드록시 그룹을 지닌 온도민감형 고분자들이 원자전이라디칼중합법(ATRP)과 클릭반응(click reaction)에 의해 합성되어졌다. 고분자들의 분자량과 분자량 분포도는 gel permeation chromatography(GPC)에 의하여 얻어졌고, 고분자들의 분자량은 잘 제어되었으며 분자량 분포도도 낮게 유지되었다. 클릭반응의 효율은 $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy에 의해 얻어졌으며, 높은 효율을 나타내었다. 고분자 사슬 곁가지의 아민 그룹의 종류와, 치환된 알코올 그룹의 종류에 따라 저임계 용액 온도(LCST)의 제어가 가능했다.

• 폴리머
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.135-141
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• 2003

친유성 몬모릴로나이트에 알킬암모늄염으로서 알킬기 함유 실록산 아민 올리고머기를 삽입하면 층간 거리 및 소수성이 증가하며 이와 같은 특성은 다양한 고분자와의 나노복합체 형성 시 몬모릴로나이트의 박리 거동에 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러므로 친유성 몬모릴로나이트를 제조함에 있어서 도입 치환기의 구조와 특성과의 상관관계를 연구하는 것은 매우 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 물과 디옥산의 혼합용액에 몬모릴로나이트를 분산하고 여러 구조의 알킬기가 도입된 실록산 올리고머 아민염을 치환하여 신규 친유성 몬모릴로나이트를 제조하였으며, 이들의 열분해 특성, 층간 간격, 소수성 등을 조사하였다. 즉, 알킬 실록산 아민 올리고머기의 도입이 실리케이트 층간 간격을 증가시키는 것을 X-선 회절실험 및 TEM 분석에 의해 확인하였으며, 기존의 알킬아민염이 도입된 친유성 몬모릴로나이트에 비해 열분해 온도 및 층간 거리가 크게 증가하였다.