• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.285-291
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• 1999

Effects of catalysts on network structure, hard segment length and distribution of polyurethane foams in the absence of catalysts were investigated. CFC free all MDI-based poly urethane foams were prepared from poly(ethylene adipate)glycol, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and water. Amino catalysts used were 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane(DABCO), N, N,N',N'-tetramethyl--hexane-1,6-diamine(MR), bis(2-methylamino ethyl)ether(ET), 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5,4,0]-undecene-7(DBU). Dibutyltindilaurate(DBTL) as control was also used. Hard segment components of polyurethane foams were obtained by a selective degradation of polyester chains with 0.01N KOH-methanol solution. The PUFs with DBU catalyst contained more amount of isocyanurate components than other PUFs. On the other hand, the PUFs with ET, MR, DBTL catalysts contained more amount of allophanate and biuret component than the other PUFs.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.417-423
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• 2006

실리카계 메조 물질 MCM-41 지지체 위에 여러 방법으로 aminopropyltrimethoxysilane(APMS)을 표면 기능화 시킨 염기촉매를 제조하였고 표준 염기반응인 Knoevenagel 축합반응을 수행하여 촉매적 활성을 측정하였다. Methyltrimethoxysilane으로 추가 표면처리하거나, APMS를 염소함유 유기실란과 축합하여 2차 아민 형성 후 고정화시킨 MCM-41 촉매(BAPM)를 제조한 결과, MCM-41 표면의 잔류 OH를 제거하고 물과의 수소결합으로 아민 활성점의 기능이 약화되는 것을 억제하여 높은 TON을 얻을 수 있었다. 코팅에 의해 표면에 많은 양의 아민이 고정화된 MCM-41은, 세공 내부의 반응 공간이 줄어들고, 인접한 아민 간의 수소결합으로 인하여 낮은 염기도가 예상되며 촉매 활성도 상대적으로 낮았다. 제조한 촉매 중에는 BAPM이 촉매 활성이 가장 우수하였다.

• 에너지공학
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.8-12
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• 2019

Thermal amine scrubbing is the most advanced CO₂ capture technique but its largescale application is hindered due to the large heat requirement during solvent regeneration step. The addition of a solid metal oxide catalysts can optimize the CO₂ desorption rate and thus minimize the energy consumption. Herein, we evaluate the solvent regeneration performance of Monoethanolamine (MEA) and Diethanolamine (DEA) solvents without and with two metal oxide catalysts (TiO₂ and V₂O₅) within a temperature range of 40-86℃. The solvent regeneration performance was evaluated in terms of CO₂ desorption rate and overall amount of CO₂ desorbed during the experiments. Both catalysts improved the solvent regeneration performance by desorbing greater amounts of CO₂ with higher CO₂ desorption rates at low temperature. Improvements of 86% and 50% in the CO₂ desorption rate were made by the catalysts for MEA and DEA solvents, respectively. The total amount of the desorbed CO₂ also improved by 17% and 13% from MEA and DEA solvents, respectively. The metal oxide catalyst-aided regeneration of amine solutions can be a new approach to minimize the heat requirement during solvent regeneration and thus can remove a primary shortfall of this technology.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.611-613
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• 1998

• 공업화학
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.229-237
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• 1991

합성촉매로 triethylamine(TEA), triethylbenzyl ammonium chloride(TEBAC), cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide(CTMAB) 등의 아민 및 chromium acetyl acetate(CAA), triphenylantimony(TPA) 등의 유기금속화합물을 사용하여 합성촉매가 비닐에스테르수지의 합성 및 물성에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 반응성, 경화시간, 저장안정성 등을 고려해 볼 때, 촉매의 적절한 사용량은 methacrylic acid(MAA)에 대하여 아민계의 경우에는 1.7~2.2%(중량 %), 유기금속계의 경우에는 2.5~3.1%(중량 %)였다. 촉매의 반응성은 TEA>TEBAC>CT-MAB>CAA>TPA의 순이었으며, 촉매의 온도의존성은 $110^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 크게 나타났다. 수지의 저장안정성은 합성 후 TPA를 MAA에 대하여 2.0% (중량 %) 이내의 범위에서 첨가하였을 때, 경화시간의 지연됨이 없이 개량되었다.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.175-191
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• 2017

In organic chemistry amide synthesis is performed through condensation of a carboxylic acid and an amine with releasing one equivalent of water via the corresponding ammonium carboxylate salt. This method is suffering from tedious processes and poor atom-economy due to the adverse thermodynamics of the equilibrium and the high activation barrier for direct coupling of a carboxylic acid and an amine. Most of the chemical approaches to amides formations have been therefore being developed, they are mainly focused on secondary amides. Direct carbonylations of tertiary amines to amides have been an exotic field unresolved, in particular direct carbonylation of trimethylamine in lack of commercial need has been attracted much interests due to the versatile product of N,N-dimethylacetamide in chemical industries and the activation of robust N-C($sp^3$) bond in tertiary amine academically. This review is focused mainly on carbonylation of trimethylamine as one of the typical tertiary amines by transition metals of cobalt, rhodium, platinum, and palladium including the role of methyl iodide as a promoter, the intermediate formation of acyl iodide, the coordination ability of trimethylamine to transition metal catalysts, and any possibility of CO insertion into the bond of Me-N in trimethylamine. In addition reactions of acyl halides as an activated form of acetic acid with amines are reviewed in brief since acyl iodide is suggested as a critical intermediate in those carbonylations of trimethylamine.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.1155-1158
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• 2010

Microwave-assisted Michael reaction between EMME and various amines such as diphenylamine, 4-methyl-N-phenylbenzenamine, N-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine, dihexylamine, diisopropylamine, and 4-nitrobenzenamine were described. Solvent-free conditions on alumina as solid support in the presence of $K_2CO_3$ catalysts gave moderate to good yields (55 - 93%) of diethylmalonate analogues having enamine moieties under focused microwave irradiation.

• 공업화학
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.804-807
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• 1999

페로센 카르복시알데히드와 1,2-diaminocyclohexane을 2:1로 반응시켜 키랄 리간드 L(L=N,N'-cyclohexane bis(ferrocenylmethylene)amine)을 합성하고 이를 구리와 반응시켜 새로운 구리 착물을 합성하였다. 이 착물들을 확인하고 비대칭 유기 합성반응에 촉매로 사용하였다. 구리(II) 착물들은 스티렌과 에틸디아조아세테이트와의 시클로프로판화 반응에서 촉매작용을 하지 않았으나 구리(I)화합물, Cu(I)LOTf (OTf=trifluoromethanesulfonate)는 시클로프로판 생성물 trans:cis의 비율에 있어 80:20 이상의 높은 regioselectivity를 보였다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2004

Searching for systems of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) that can be used as templates for chemical lithography, we found that nitro groups on aromatic SAMs are selectively converted on Ag to amino groups by irradiation with a visible laser. 4-nitrobenzenethiol on Ag was thus converted to 4-aminobenzenethiol by irradiating it with an $Ar^+$ laser. This was evident from surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) as well as from a coupling reaction forming amide bonds. The surface-induced photoreaction allowed us to prepare patterned binary monolayers on Ag that showed different chemical reactivities. Using the binary monolayers as a lithographic template, we induced site-specific chemical reactions, such as the selective growth of biominerals on either the nitro- or amine-terminated regions by adjusting the crystal-growth conditions. We also demonstrated that patterned, amine-terminated monolayers can be fabricated even on gold by using silver nanoparticles as photoreducing catalysts.

• 폴리머
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.210-218
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 아민계 젤화 촉매 dimethylcyclohexyl amine(DMCHA)과 칼륨계 젤화 촉매 potassium octoate(PO)가 경질 폴리우레탄 발포체의 반응거동에 미치는 영향에 대해 연구하였다. Polymeric 4,4'-diphenyl methane diisocyanate, 폴리에스터 폴리올, 실리콘 유화제, 발포제 그리고 젤화 촉매를 사용하여 경질 폴리우레탄 발포체를 제조하였다. DMCHA 촉매의 함량이 0에서 2.0 g으로 증가함에 따라 반응 시간이 약 330초에서 약 35초로 감소하였고, 발열 반응으로 최대 반응온도는 약 217에서 약 $234^{\circ}C$로 증가하였다. PO 촉매의 함량이 0에서 2.5 g으로 증가할수록 반응 시간은 약 79초에서 약 38초로 감소함을 보였고, 특히 젤 타임, 택 프리 타임의 단축에 기여하였으며, 최대 반응온도가 약 182에서 약 $271^{\circ}C$로 증가하였다. 단열 온도 상승법을 이용하여 전환율을 구하였고, 반응식의 상수들을 계산하였다. 반응속도상수 $k_0$는 DMCHA 촉매의 양이 증가할수록 큰 값을 갖는 것을 확인하였고, PO 촉매의 경우 촉매량 증가와 큰 관계없이 유사한 값을 나타냈다.