• 제목/요약/키워드: aluminum phosphate gel

검색결과 9건 처리시간 0.022초

Adsorption of Globular Proteins to Vaccine Adjuvants

  • Jang, Mi-Jin;Cho, Il-Young;Callahan, Patricia
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제30권5호
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    • pp.346-351
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    • 1997
  • The maximum adsorption/desorption conditions and the adsorption mechanism of globular proteins to vaccine adjuvants were determined. The maximum adsorption ratio of protein to the $Al^{3+}$ content of aluminum oxyhydroxide and the optimal adsorption pH are 2:1 (${\mu}g:{\mu}g$) for bovine serum albumin (BSA) at pH 6.0 and 2.5:1 (${\mu}g:{\mu}g$) for immunoglobulin G (IgG) at pH 7.0, respectively. The maximum adsorption ratio onto aluminum phosphate gel was 1.5:1 (${\mu}g$ Protein:${\mu}g$ $Al^{3+}$) at pH 5.0 for both BSA and IgG. Adsorption of the native globular proteins, BSA and IgG, to aluminum oxyhydroxide and aluminum phosphate gel was reversible as a function of pH. Complete desorption of these proteins from aluminum phosphate gel was observed at alkaline pH, whereas only 80~90% removal from aluminum oxyhydroxide was achieved with alkaline pH and 50 mM phosphate buffer. We conclude that electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions between the native proteins and adjuvants are important binding mechanisms for adsorption, and that the surface charge of the protein and the colloid components control the maximum adsorption conditions.

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인산 알루미늄의 합성조건과 유동학적 특성 (Synthesis Conditions and Rheological Characteristics of Aluminum Phosphate)

  • 신화우;안세민;정동훈;강태욱;이광표
    • 약학회지
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    • 제35권4호
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    • pp.319-325
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    • 1991
  • Aluminum phosphate gel was synthesized by reacting aluminum sulfate as a soluble aluminum salt to tribasic sodium phosphate in this study. The optimal synthesis conditions based on the yield of product were investigated by applying Box-Wilson experimental design. It was found that optimal synthesis conditions were as follows: Reaction temperature; $61~71^{\circ}C$, concentration of two reactants; 12.27~13.83%, concentration ratio of two reactants; [AI$_{2}$(SO$_{4}$)$_{3}$]/[Na$_{3}$PO$_{4}$]= 0.5, reaction time; 10.9~12.1 minutes, drying temperature of product; $60~72^{\circ}C$. Aluminum phosphate gel prepared by the optimal synthesis conditions was suspended with four types of natural and synthetic gums at the concentration of 0.375~1.5wv%. Their Theological properties of aluminum phosphate gels were examined with Haake-Rotovisco RV 20 rotational viscometer. It showed that the higher concentration of suspending agents and lower temperature, the higher viscosity. Aluminum phosphate gel suspended by pectin and agar showed plastic flow with rheopexy, and their gels suspended by sodium alginate and sod. CMC showed plastic flow with thixotropy.

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제산제의 중화 능력의 평가 연구 (Evaluation of Neutralizing Capacities of Antacid Products)

  • 박경호;차수만;최진석;김낙두
    • 약학회지
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    • 제27권2호
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    • pp.139-148
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    • 1983
  • The neutralizing capacities of the antacids, which are frequently used in Korean market, were evaluated in vitro by the methods of Resset and Rice, Fordtran and Collyns, and modified Beekman, respectively. The antacids used in the study are two kinds, the one is preparations from Seoul National University Hospital and the other is products from pharmaceutical companies, and their components are aluminum phosphate, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, basic aluminum sucrose sulfate and $2MgO{\times}Al_{2}O_{3}{\times}SiO_{3}$, etc. The hospital preparations, DMC and MAC powders, showed most powerful and sustained neutralizing capacities, i.e. they maintained the pH range from 5 to 8 for 60min, Whereas pharmaceutical products, aluminum hydroxide gel containing magnesium hydroxide and magnesium aluminum hydroxide gel exhibited a moderate capacities, i.e pH ranged from 3 to 6, and aluminum phosphate, $2MgO{\times}Al_{2}O_{3}{\times}SiO_{2}$ and basic aluminum sucrose sulfate displayed a weak activity, pH ranged from 2 to 3. When the therapeutic doses of aluminum hydroxide gel containing magnesium hydroxide and magnesium aluminum hydroxide gel were divided into 2 doses and each dose was used at the interval of 30min., the divided doses kept more prolonged higher pH than the single therapeutic dose. Milliequivalents of neutralizing capacities of each antacid were measured by the method of Fordtran and Collyns. The milliequivalents per 1ml of aluminum hydroxide gel, aluminum hydroxide gel containing magnesium hydroxide, magnesium aluminum hydroxide gel and aluminum phosphate were 2.87, 2.86, 2.57, and 0.67, respectively. The milliequivalents per 100mg of preparations, i.e. MAC powder, dried aluminum hydroxidgel, DMC powder, 2MgO, $Al_{2}O_{3}$. $SiO_{2}$, magnesium aluminum hydroxide and basic aluminum sucrose sulfate were 1.91, 1.68 1.63, 1.45, 1.44, and 0.44, respectively.

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Aluminium Hydroxides Gel을 이용한 α-Al2O3 판상체의 제조 (Preparation of α-Al2O3 Platelets from Aluminum Hydroxides Gel)

  • 박병기;이정민;서동수;임광수
    • 한국세라믹학회지
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    • 제41권8호
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    • pp.610-617
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    • 2004
  • 평균입자크기가 20 ${\mu}$이고, 두께가 0.2∼0.3 ${\mu}m$${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ 판상체를 제조하기 위하여 전구물질로써 황산알루미늄과 황산나트륨을 사용하여 수산화알루미늄을 제조하였다. 이때 첨가되는 인산나트륨의 양이 ${\alpha}Al_2O_3$ 판상체의 입자크기, 형상, 그리고 두께에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대하여 관찰하였다. 인산나트륨을 첨가하지 않았을 경우, 대부분의 ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ 판 상체가 육각판상모양을 띠고 있었으나 그 두께가 1.0 ${\mu}m$ 이상으로 진주안료 기질로는 적합하지 않았다. 반면, 인산나트륨이 첨가되었을 경우, ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ 판상체의 두께를 감소시켜 각형비를 증가시키는 현상을 초래하였다.

마그네슘 합금의 방청을 위한 하이브리드 졸-겔 코팅제의 개발 (Development of Hybrid Sol-Gel Coating to Prevent Corrosion of Magnesium Alloys)

  • 이동욱;김영훈;문명준
    • Corrosion Science and Technology
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.30-36
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    • 2018
  • The high rate of corrosion of magnesium alloys makes it limited for industrial applications. Therefore, surface treatment is required to enhance their corrosion resistance. In our study, a chemical conversion coating for protecting the corrosion of the magnesium alloy, AZ31B, was prepared by using a phosphate-permanganate solution. The chemical conversion coating had a limited protection ability due to defects arising from cracks and pores in the coating layer. The sol-gel coating was prepared by using trimethoxymethylsilane (MTMS) and 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) as precursors, and aluminum acetyl acetonate as a ring opening agent. The corrosion protection properties of sol-gel and conversion coatings in 0.35wt% NaCl solution were measured by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization test. The EIS results indicated that the resistance of the chemical conversion coating with the sol-gel coating was significantly improved through the sol-gel sealed phosphate-permanganate conversion coating. The results of the potentiodynamic polarization test revealed that the sol-gel coating decreased the corrosion current density ($I_{corr}$). The SEM image showed that the sol-gel coating sealed conversion coating and improved corrosion protection.

Immunogenic characterization of AlPO4 adsorbed Td vaccine and liposome-mediated Td vaccine

  • Remees Shuhsadhe;Junise Vazhayil;Heyam Saad Ali;Hiba Orsud;Ahmed Elmontaser Omer Mergani
    • Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.232-239
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    • 2023
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the antigenic potency and stability of tetanus and diphtheria (Td) vaccines when combined with aluminum phosphate (AlPO4) and liposome adjuvants. Materials and Methods: In vitro and in vivo analyses were conducted using the single radial immunodiffusion method and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The Td vaccines were prepared with AlPO4 adsorption and liposome-mediated delivery, and protein antigens were characterized using these methods. Results: The results revealed that the liposome-mediated Td vaccines exhibited higher immunogenicity compared to the AlPO4-adsorbed Td vaccines. Additionally, the liposome-mediated Td vaccines demonstrated higher stability as native antigens. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of utilizing liposome adjuvants in vaccine development. The liposome-mediated Td vaccines showed enhanced immunogenicity and stability, making them a promising approach for improving vaccine efficacy. Understanding and optimizing adjuvant strategies can contribute to the development of effective vaccines against various diseases.

A Study on the Corrosion Behavior of Magnesium Alloy Sealed with Chemical Conversion Coating and Sol-gel Coating

  • Lee, Dong Uk;Chaudhari, Shivshankar;Choi, Seung Yong;Moon, Myung Jun;Shon, Min Young
    • Corrosion Science and Technology
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.175-182
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    • 2021
  • Magnesium alloy is limited in the industrial field because its standard electrode potential is -2.363 V vs. NHE (Normal Hydrogen Electrode) at 25 ℃. This high electrochemical activity causes magnesium to quickly corrode with oxygen in air; chemical conversion coating prevents corrosion but causes surface defects like cracks and pores. We have examined the anti-corrosion effect of sol-gel coating sealed on the defected conversion coating layer. Sol-gel coatings produced higher voltage current and smaller pore than the chemical conversion coating layer. The conversion coating on magnesium alloy AZ31 was prepared using phosphate-permanganate solution. The sol-gel coating was designed using trimethoxymethylsilane (MTMS) and (3-Glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) as precursors, and aluminum acetylacetonate as a ring-opening agent. The thermal shock resistance was tested by exposing specimens at 140 ℃ in a convection oven; the results showed changes in the magnesium alloy AZ31 surface, such as oxidization and cracking. Scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) analysis confirmed a sealed sol-gel coating layer on magnesium alloy AZ31. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measured the differences in corrosion protection properties by sol-gel and conversion coatings in 0.35 wt% NaCl solution, and the potentiodynamic polarization test and confirmed conversion coating with the sol-gel coating show significantly improved resistance by crack sealing.

Comparative evaluation of gold nanoparticles and Alum as immune enhancers against rabies vaccine and related immune reactivity, physiological, and histopathological alterations: in vivo study

  • Rehab Essam El-Din El-Hennamy;Sahar Mohamed Mahmoud;Nabil Ahmed El-Yamany;Hanaa Hassan Hassanein;Mohamed Elsayed Amer;Aly Fahmy Mohamed
    • Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.32-46
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    • 2023
  • Purpose: The present study aimed to compare the immune-enhancing potential of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to Alum against rabies vaccine and the related immunological, physiological, and histopathological effects. Materials and Methods: Alum and AuNPs sole and in combination with rabies vaccine were used at 0.35 mg/mL and 40 nM/mL, respectively. Rats used were categorized into six groups (20/each): control rats, rabies vaccine, aluminum phosphate gel, rabies vaccine adsorbed to Alum, AuNPs, and rabies vaccine adjuvant AuNPs. Results: Liver and kidney functions were in the normal range after AuNPs and Alum adjuvanted vaccine compared to control. Interleukin-6 and interferon-γ levels were significantly increased in groups immunized with Alum and AuNPs adjuvanted vaccine, the peak level was in the case of AuNP adjuvanted vaccine on the 14th day. Ninety days post-vaccination, total immunoglobulin G (IgG) against adjuvanted rabies vaccine showed a significantly elevated antirabies IgG with AuNPs and Alum adsorbed vaccine compared with unadjuvanted one. The total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly increased post-adjuvanted AuNPs adjuvanted vaccine vaccination than in Alum adsorbed vaccine, while MDA was significantly decreased. The histopathological examination revealed detectable alterations post-AuNPs and Alum adjuvanted vaccine immunization compared with liver and kidney profiles post-administration of unadjuvanted and non-immunized groups, meanwhile, splenic tissue revealed hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles indicating increased immune reactivity. Conclusion: The AuNPs are promising enhancers of the immune response as Alum, and the undesirable effects of AuNPs could be managed by using suitable sizes, shapes, and concentrations.

용액합성실험에 의한 에트린자이트 결정성장억제 연구 (A Study for Crystal Growth Inhibition of Ettringite by Solution Synthesis Experiment)

  • 이효민;황진연;오지호
    • 한국광물학회지
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    • 제23권1호
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    • pp.51-61
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    • 2010
  • 에트린자이트(ettringite, $Ca_6[Al(OH)_6]_2(SO_4)_3{\cdot}26H_2O)$는 콘크리트 내에서 특이한 성질을 나타내는 황산염광물이다. 팽윤성 결정구조로 인해 경화된 콘크리트에 이차적으로 생성되면 팽창과 균열을 발생하여 콘크리트 내구성을 저하함으로써, 흔히 콘크리트의 암으로 불려진다. 본 연구에서는 국내에서 상업적으로 스케일링 방지제 혹은 청관제로 활용되고 있는 일부 결정성장억제제를 선택 적용하여, 콘크리트에 유해한 황산염이차 광물인 에트린자이트의 결정성장억제 가능성을 시험하였다. 시험을 위한 에트린자이트 용액합성법을 개발하고, 세 가지 유형의 결정성장억제제들의 에트린자이트 결정성장에 대한 억제 효과를 검토하였다. 에트린자이트의 용액합성시험 결과, 수산화칼슘 포화용액에 대한 황산알루미늄 용액의 양적 균형이 이루어진 상태에서 순수한 에트린자이트가 생성되며, 용액 중 ${SO_4}^{2-}$ 이온에 대해 $Ca^{2+}$ 이온의 비율이 증가함에 따라 모노설페이트(monosulfate) 혹은 세미설페이트(semisulfate)가 생성된다. 용액합성법에 의한 에트린자이트의 결정 생성은 용액들의 반응 시작과 거의 동시에 일어나며 (induction time < 2min.), 반응 시작 1시간 정도 지나면 반응이 거의 완료되는 것으로 나타났다. 결정성장억제제들의 에트린자이트 결정성장억제 효과에 대한 실험결과, 폴리카르복시산염 (Polycarboxylate) 계의 PBCT (2-Phosphonobutane-1,2,4-Tricarboxylic Acid)와 무기인산염 (inorganic phosphate)계의 SHMP (Sodium Hexametaphosphate)는 실험조건에서 상대적으로 에트린자이트 결정성장억제의 효과는 적은 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 유기인산염 (organic phosphate)계의 HEDP (1-Hydoxyethylidene-1, 1-Diphosphonic Acid)는 0.1 vol.% 이상의 농도에서 효과적으로 에트린자이트 및 기타 황산염광물들의 결정성장을 억제하여 비정질의 겔(gel) 상의 물질을 생성하였다.