• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.97-100
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• 2004

We propose some properties of fuzzy multivariate analysis of variance by fuzzy vector operation with agreement index. We deals fuzzy null hypotheses and fuzzy alternative hypothesis and define the agreement index for the grades of the judgements that the hypothesis is rejection or acceptance. Finally, we provide an example to evaluate the judgements.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.288-295
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• 1995

In this paper a hypotheses test procedure based on the least absolute deviation estimators for the unknown parameters in nonlinear regression models is investigated. The asymptotic distribution of the proposed likelihood ratio test statistic are established voth under the null hypotheses and a sequence of local alternative hypotheses. The asymptotic relative efficiency of the proposed test with classical test based on the least squares estimator is also discussed.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.5-15
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• 2021

Purpose: This study explores the types of relational benefits that generate loyalty to room-sharing services among Chinese customers based on the relationship marketing literature. The study also examines the moderating effect of alternative attractiveness on this relationship. Research design, data and methodology: Based on research hypotheses, questionnaires with items measuring the proposed constructs in three dimensions, including relational benefits, alternative attractiveness, and customer loyalty, were designed to test the hypotheses. Data were collected via an online questionnaire of 220 room-sharing service customers in China. Results: Results verify the effects of relational benefits on customers' loyalty to room-sharing services and the mediating effect of alternative attractiveness. More specifically, confidence, social, and safety benefits positively affect customer loyalty to room-sharing services, and alternative attractiveness moderates only the effect of social benefits. Conclusions: The results suggest that room-sharing service providers should concentrate on providing confidence, social, and safety benefits to maintain long-term relationships with customers. This study also provides practical implication for building relationships between channel members in service distribution channels. The study concludes that without customer relationships marketing for managing collaborative and social communication channels, the entire distribution channel might lose out eventually.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.133-145
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to identify the relation between preservice teachers' philosophical views on science and types of responses to alternative hypotheses. To identify preservice teachers' philosophical views on science, the extraterrestrial impact theory and the volcano-greenhouse theory, alternative hypotheses related to dinosaur extinction were administered to 37 elementary preservice teachers and 52 secondary preservice teachers. Subjects were required to write down their ideas before and after reading the alternative hypotheses, and then the dimensions of responses to initial ideas were analyzed. To analyze, Soh's Philosophical Perspectives Prove(PPP) was used. The results of this study were as follows: (a) elementary and secondary preservice teachers' philosophical views on science corresponds to eclecticism, (b) the main types of responses were partial theory change in elementary preservice teachers and rejection in secondary preservice teachers, (c) preservice teachers' philosophical views on science and types of responses were eclecticism-partial theory change in elementary preservice teachers and eclecticism-rejection in secondary preservice teachers.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.518-530
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of pre-service primary teachers' justifying their hypotheses about the brightness of electric bulbs. They conducted their experiments and wrote their experimental results and ideas on their worksheets. The worksheets for generating and evaluating scientific hypothesis were analyzed. Most of them generated the consumption hypothesis and designed the experiments to confirm their hypotheses or directly measure without the change of experimental conditions. The responses for valid experimental designs were $74\%$ of total responses. The $62\%$ of total responses was valid prediction for experimental results. The $60\%$ of pre-service teachers described the experimental results correctly. But other teachers described the biased results or inappropriate results. The $54\%$ of them refuted hypotheses and the $36\%$ confirmed their hypotheses. The theory-based responses were $51\%$ and the evidence-based responses were $47\%$. The $64\%$ of them proposed the possibility of the alternative hypothesis after testing their hypotheses. This study also discussed the implications of these findings for teaching and Loaming in science education.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.1-27
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• 2018

This study examines the effects of dependence and conflict on organizational performances in partnership, qualitatively (trust) and quantitatively (sales) under four control variables (period of business, number of goods, competition density, and number of employees). Also, this study presents termination cost and alternative attractiveness as the antecedents of dependence, goal incongruity and unfairness as the antecedents of conflict. As the results of analysis with survey data from 360 distributors in manufacturer-distributor partnership, 7 hypotheses are supported and 2 hypotheses are rejected. The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) verify that termination cost increases dependence, that alternative attractiveness reduces dependence, that goal incongruity and unfairness increase conflict, that dependence reduces conflict, that dependence increases trust, and that conflict reduces trust. However, unexpectedly, dependence reduces sales, and conflict has no impact on sales. The results of this study provide insightful implications theoretically and managerially to scholars and practitioners interested in partnership.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.959-976
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate high school students' ideas related with dinosaur extinction, to classify students' responses types with alternative hypotheses of inconsistent with their ideas, and then to examine their cognitive conflict levels and the degree of ideas change. To investigate students' ideas, we analyzed responses 98 eleventh graders of a high school in Anyang area. The results of this study were as follows: First, most of the students responded a large scale asteroid impact with the cause of dinosaur extinction, and rest of them responded changed Earth's climate accompanying tectonic activity, extreme volcanic activity, shortage of food, disease(virus) and decrease of their habitat. Also, they thought that dinosaur was exterminated not by just one reason but by several complex reasons. Second, the students' responses of alternative hypotheses were classified into six types: rejection, reinterpretation, uncertainty, belief decrease, partial theory change, and theory change. Third, except rejection and reinterpretation types, other four types were arousing of cognitive conflict and the percentage of the students who felt cognitive conflict was 62.3% and that of the students who took the theory change was just 6.1 %.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.723-731
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• 2006

In this study, twenty-eight 7th graders were interviewed to explore their emotional responses and perceived teaching-learning strategies for effective conceptual change by the types of cognitive responses to a discrepant event. The results revealed that cognitive conflict was more induced by a discrepant event when its reliability and validity were emphasized. The students' cognitive responses to a discrepant event, the existence of alternative hypotheses, and their clearness influenced the patterns of emotional responses such as interest and anxiety. Many students perceived that emotional responses would have positive influences on concept learning processes. In the cases of the students exhibiting cognitive responses such as belief decrease, peripheral belief change, and belief change, opinions about teaching-learning strategies for effective conceptual change were different depending on whether they had alternative hypotheses or not. Educational implications are discussed.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.57-76
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• 2023

This study analyzes the factors and effects on the users' intention to switch from contact center-oriented to AI chatbot-oriented customer services by combining Push-Pull-Mooring Model and provides insights for companies considering the adoption of AI chatbots. To test the model, we surveyed users with experience using chatbots at least once across different age groups. Finally, we analyzed 176 cases for the analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics and SmartPLS 4.0. The results of hypotheses testing rejected the hypotheses for variables of inconsistent quality and low availability of push factors and low switching cost of mooring factor while accepting the hypotheses for the tardy response of push factors and all pull factors. Therefore, these findings provide important implications for researchers and practitioners who wish to conduct research or adopt AI chatbots. In conclusion, users do not feel inconvenienced by the contact center-oriented service but also perceive high trust and convenience with AI chatbot-oriented service. However, despite low switching costs, users consider chatbots a complementary tool rather than an alternative. So, companies adopting AI chatbots should consider what features the users expect from AI chatbots and facilitate these features when implementing AI chatbots.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.20-33
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• 2010

This study investigates the relationships of total quality management (TQM), organizational learning (OL) activities and business performance and examines the partial mediation effect of OL activities on business performance in Korean industrial manufacturing setting. Main target sample firms were all manufacturing companies listed in the Korea Composite Stock Price Index (KOSPI) and 206 firms participated. This study theoretically develops a conceptual model with 3 hypotheses regarding how TQM practices influence OL activities and how the OL activities partially mediate between the TQM practices and business performance. To examine these hypotheses, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed and an alternative model which includes a path between errors of leadership factor and OL construct was developed. The findings are TQM practices cannot directly influence business performance but indirectly impact business performance through OL activities. This study found that OL activities playa role as firms' critical competency to improve business performance.