• Korea Trade Review
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.93-112
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• 2018

Lately, various nations including the U.S. and China aim to decrease air pollutants in port areas. As the number of vessels as ports increases, the volume of cargo and air pollutants emitted from vessels are also increasing. Therefore, the social responsibility of port construction, shipping companies and terminal operators is becoming important. Alternate Maritime Power(AMP) is an anti-pollution measure which helps in reducing air pollution generated from diesel generators by using shore electric power. This study compares the AMP tariff and Bunk Fuel tariff at berth in order to determine how to operate an efficient offshore power supply facility in Gwangyang Port.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.50-64
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• 2011

In this paper, a DC-coupled photovoltaic (PV), fuel cell (FC) and ultracapacitor hybrid power system is studied for building microgrid. In this proposed system, the PV system provides electric energy to the electrolyzer to produce hydrogen for future use and transfer to the load side, if possible. Whenever the PV system cannot completely meet load demands, the FC system provides power to meet the remaining load. The main weak point of the FC system is slow dynamics, because the power slope is limited to prevent fuel starvation problems, improve performance and increase lifetime. A power management and control algorithm is proposed for the hybrid power system by taking into account the characteristics of each power source. The main works of this paper are hybridization of alternate energy sources with FC systems using long and short storage strategies to build an autonomous system with pragmatic design, and a dynamic model proposed for a PV/FC/UC bank hybrid power generation system. A simulation model for the hybrid power system has been developed using Matlab/Simulink, SimPowerSystems and Matlab/Stateflow. The system performance under the different scenarios has been verified by carrying out simulation studies using a practical load demand profile, hybrid power management and control, and real weather data.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.659-666
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• 2019

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) generate electricity by electrochemical reactions of hydrogen and oxygen. PEMFCs are expected to alternate electric power generator using fossil fuels with various advantages of high power density, low operating temperature, and environmental-friendly products. PEMFCs have widely been used in a number of applications such as fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) and stationary fuel cell systems. However, there are remaining technical issues, particularly the long-term durability of each part of fuel cells. Degradation of a carbon supported-platinum catalyst in the anode and cathode follows various mechanistic origins in different fuel cell operating conditions, and thus accelerated stress test (AST) is suggested to evaluate the durability of electrocatalyst. In this article, comparable protocols of the AST durability test are intensively explained.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.70-79
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• 2022

Biodiesel production has attracted attention as a sustainable source of fuel and is a competitive alternate to diesel engines. The glycerol that is produced as a by-product is generally discarded as waste and can be converted to green chemicals such as acetins to increase bio-diesel profitability. Acetins find application in fuel, food, pharmaceutical and leather industries. Batch experiments and analysis have been previously conducted for synthesis of acetins using glycerol esterification reaction aided by sulfated metal oxide catalysts (SO₄^2-/CeO₂-ZrO₂). The aim of this study was to optimize process parameters: effects of mole ratio of reactants (glycerol and acetic acid), catalyst concentration and reaction temperature to maximize glycerol conversion/acetin selectivity. The optimum conditions for this reaction were determined using response surface methodology (RSM) designed as per a five-level-three-factor central composite design (CCD). Statistica software 10 was used to analyze the experimental data obtained. The optimized conditions obtained were molar ratio - 1:12, catalyst concentration - 6 wt.% and temperature -90 ℃. A packed bed reactor was fabricated and column studies were performed using the optimized conditions. The breakthrough curve was analyzed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.70-81
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• 2011

In this paper, a multi-agent control system for DC-coupled photovoltaic (PV), fuel cell (FC), ultracapacitor(UC) and battery hybrid power system is studied for commercial buildings & apartment buildings microgrid. In this proposed system, the PV system provides electric energy to the electrolyzer to produce hydrogen for future use and transfer to the load side, if possible. Whenever the PV system cannot completely meet load demands, the FC system provides power to meet the remaining load. A multi-agent system based-power management and control algorithm is proposed for the hybrid power system by taking into account the characteristics of each power source. The main works of this paper are hybridization of alternate energy sources with FC systems using long and short storage strategies to build the multi-agent control system with pragmatic design, and a dynamic model proposed for a PV/FC/UC/battery bank hybrid power generation system. A dynamic simulation model for the hybrid power system has been developed using Matlab/Simulink, SimPowerSystems and Stateflow. Simulation results are also presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed multi-agent control and management system for building microgrid.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2009

투과 전자 현미경(TEM)을 사용하여 소성 후 Pt와 $MoO_3$ 표면 위에 $MoO_x$ 박막층이 형성되는 것을 조사하였다. 연속된 CO 화학 흡착법에 의하여 표면된 노출된 Pt 표면적의 변화를 관찰하였으며, XPS 분석으로 부터 Pt 표면에 형성된 $MoO_x$ 박막층 두께는 소성 온도 증가에 따라 증가하는 것으로 측정되었다. 소성 과정은 Pt와 $MoO_3$ 간에 개선된 접촉을 유도하였으며, Pt/$MoO_3$ 촉매에서 수소전이현상을 조절하는 것으로 나타난다.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.197-215
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• 2011

Plant tissue culture and molecular biology techniques are powerful tools of biotechnology that can complement conventional breeding, expedite crop improvement and meet the demand for availability of uniform clones in large numbers. Jatropha curcas Linn., a non-edible, eco-friendly, non-toxic, biodegradable fuel-producing plant has attracted worldwide attention as an alternate sustainable energy source for the future. This review presents a consolidated account of biotechnological interventions made in J. curcas over the decades and focuses on contemporary information and trends of future research.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.44-54
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• 1996

The release of polluting gases such as NO/sub x/ of SO/sub x/ to the atmosphere from ships is causing increasing concern. To reduce destruction to the marine environment, the value of the utilization of photovoltaic energy is highly appreciated since photovoltaic energy is and alternate clean energy source to fossil fuels. The use of a photovoltaic generating system to supplement diesel engine driven electric power system on ships has been studied. The design of the photovoltaic generating system based on a photovoltaic array is presented in this paper. The amount of NO/sub x/ and SO/sub x/ emission is found to be significantly reduced for a small vessel operated within a harbour after a photovoltaic generating system is installed to supplement the diesel engine generator system.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.176-176
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• 1996

The release of polluting gases such as NOx of SOx to the atmosphere from ships is causing increasing concern. To reduce destruction to the marine environment, the value of the utilization of photovoltaic energy is highly appreciated since photovoltaic energy is and alternate clean energy source to fossil fuels. The use of a photovoltaic generating system to supplement diesel engine driven electric power system on ships has been studied. The design of the photovoltaic generating system based on a photovoltaic array is presented in this paper. The amount of NOx and SOx emission is found to be significantly reduced for a small vessel operated within a harbour after a photovoltaic generating system is installed to supplement the diesel engine generator system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling Conference
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• 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2001년도 정기총회 특별강연 및 춘계학술연구발표회(2)
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• pp.85-91
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• 2001

This paper provides a case study of landfill gas (LFG) utilization fer direct use as process fuel, and for electrical power generation at restored landfills in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China (HKSAR). The paper specifically covers the LFG utilization schemes, which are required under landfill restoration contracts at the Shuen Wan and Urban Landfills. These contracts provide for the restoration and aftercare of six landfills, and are administered by the Environmental Protection Department (EPD) of the Hong Kong Government. The LFG utilization scheme at the Shuen Wan Landfill incorporates the direct use of LFG by compressing and dehumidifying the LFG prior to conveyance through a 1.6-kilometer (1-mile) pipeline. The pipeline provides an alternate fuel source to naphtha during process heating for gas production at the Tai Po Gas Production Plant of the Hong Kong and China Gas Limited (HKCC). The LFG utilization scheme at the Jordan Valley Landfill (one of the Urban Landfills) beneficially uses the LFG as fuel for electrical power generation with reciprocating internal combustion engines. The LFG is compressed, cooled, and filtered prior to delivery to two engine/generator sets. This system provides power to operate the leachate pre-treatment plant, which processes leachate from all of the Urban Landfill sites. The case study will examine the technical and non-technical considerations, including harriers, for developing, designing and implementing the LFG utilization projects in Hong Kong. Specific regulatory considerations and external governmental agency approvals are discussed, including the requirement to register as a gas-producing utility. While the paper focuses on LFG utilization applications in Hong Kong, many of the considerations discussed are also applicable to development of LFG utilization in other regions of Asia.