• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.698-703
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• 1994

In spore rec-assay using B. subtillus H17(rec) and M 45(rec) , the ethanol extract of buckwheat leaves showed antimutagenicity in condition of low concentrations, but its did comutagenicity in condition of high concentrations. In Ames test, the ethanol extract of buckwheat leaves reduced the mtabenicity of N-methyl-N' -nitro-N-nitrosoguaidine (MNNG), benzo (a) pyrene(B($\alpha$)P), 2-amino-fluorene(2AF), and 3-amino -1, 4-dime-thyl-5-H-pyrido(4, 3-b) indol(Trp-P-1) in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. The ethanol extract was fractionated by hexane, ethylacetate, butanol and water. Among Them hexane fraction showed the highest inhibition rate on the mutagenicity of B($\alpha$)P, and so did chloroform fraction on the mutagenicity of MNNG in S. typhimurium Ta98 and TA100. To elucidate the antimutagenic mechanism of the ethanol extract, it was mixed and co-incubated with various metagens, S9 mix, and the bacteria with different experimental orders and different reaction times. The ethanol extract did not affect reversion rate of pre-mutated. S.typhimurium. However, when the ethanol extract was added to the mutagens before their interaction with S.typhimurium , it reduced the mutation rate to 152$\pm$12-273$\pm$18 colonies/plates in case of MNNG, and 135$\pm$13-195$\pm$10 colonies/ plates in case of B($\alpha$)P), showing strong desmutagenic activity.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 2004

In order to understand the mechanism of the regulation of drug metabolizing enzyme gene expression, we have studied the induction of CYP1A1 and GST$\alpha$, $\mu$, $\pi$ enzymes in Japanese monkey and rhesus monkey after the treatment with 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC) and di-n- butyl phthalate (DBP) and bisphenol A (BPA). The levels of mRNA were measured by RT-PCR in brain, intestine and liver. In the case of adult monkey, treatment with 3MC induced CYP1A1 mRNA in liver by 10-fold. The treatment with DBP induced CYP1A1 mRNA. Effects of 3MC and DBP on GST mRNA expression was not clear. But GST$\mu$ was slightly inhibited by the treatment with 3MC and DBP. GST$\pi$ was not induced by the treatment with 3MC and DBP in liver. GST$\alpha$ was slightly induced by the treatment with 3MC and DBP in liver. In the case of fetus monkey, the basal levels of fetus CYP1A1 mRNA and GSTs mRNA were relatively low compared to adult monkey. As the age of monkey increased, the basal levels of CYP1A1 mRNA were also increased. 3MC induced the expression of CYP1A1 mRNA in liver. The levels of GST$\mu$ and GST$\alpha$ were not changed by the treatment with 3MC and DBP. GST$\pi$ was slightly induced by the treatment with 3MC and DBP.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.175-178
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• 2010

A 5-year-old male Cocker spaniel was presented with an abrupt seizure episode. The dog was moderately dehydrated, hypersalivation and loss of consciousness at the presentation. Tentative diagnosis was made through history taking, clinical signs, physical examination, neurologic examination, basic laboratory examinations, radiological examination and cytologic examination. In addition, serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) value was measured to diagnose in this case. The serum AFP concentration was marked elevated (1513.5 ng/ml). The patient was suspected as HCC and medical therapy was initiated to control hypoglycemic-associated seizure. However, the dog was euthanized because of the owner's request. It was diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on the histopathologic examination. This case indicates that AFP measurement might be valuable to diagnose HCC in dogs.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.331-341
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• 1993

The propagating crack problems under dynamic antiplane mode in orthotropic material is studied in this paper. To analyze the dynamic fracture problems by theoretical method or experimental method in orthotropic material, it is important to know the dynamic stress intensity factor in the vicinity of crack tip. Therefore the dynamic stress field and dynamic displacement field with dynamic stress intensity factor of orthotropic material in mode III were derived. When the crack propagation speed approachs to zero, the dynamic stress components and dynamic displacement components derived in this paper are identical to the those of static state. In addition, the relationships between dynamic stress intensity factor and dynamic energy release rate are determined by using the concept of crack closure energy with the dynamic stresses and dynamic displacements derived in this paper. Finally, the characteristics of crack propagation are studied with the properties of orthotropic material and crack speed. The variation of angle .alpha. between fiber direction and crack propagating direction and crack propagation speed fairly effect on stress component and displacement component in crack tip. The influence of crack propagation speed on the speed on the stress and displacement is greater in the case of .alpha.=90.deg. than in the case of .alpha.=0.deg. and the faster the crack propagation speed, the greater the stress value and displacement value.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.72 no.1
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• pp.72-76
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• 2012

We observed a very rare case of primary lung cancer producing alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). A 70-year-old male with a history of smoking 50 packs per year was diagnosed with large cell carcinoma of the lung. The clinical stage was T2bN3M0 (IIIB), and serum AFP was 23,247 ng/mL. There was no evidence of metastasis to the liver, scrotum or other organs. While undergoing chemotherapy for 1 year, as the cancer progressed the AFP value steadily increased. The patient died of respiratory failure due to pneumonia 12 months after being diagnosed with lung cancer.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.70-73
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• 2006

Alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) is a plasma protein produced in the fetal liver, yolk sac and gastrointestinal tract. The plasma level of AFP decreases markedly 1 year after birth. The AFP level is usually increased in hepatocellular carcinoma and yolk sac tumor but is rare in a primary lung cancer. We report a case of primary adenocarcinoma of lung producing high levels of AFP.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2000

Expression of the crylAcl gene of an acrystalliferous Bacillus thuringiensis strain under the control of the native or $\alpha$-amylase gene promoter was investigated. The crylAcl gene was cloned in a B. thuringiensis - E. coli shutle vector, pHT3101, undder the control of either the native promoter (pProAc) or the $\alpha$-amylase promoter from Bacillus subtilis (pAmyAc). These two recombinant plasmids were successfully expressed in B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki Cry B. The first transformant (ProAc/CB), harboring pProAc, expressed an about 130 kDa protein begining 24 hr after inoculations just as in the case of the wild type of B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-73. The second pAmyAc-transformant (AmyAc/CB) began to express the gene just 6 hr after inoculation, but Western analysis showed that the activity of the $\alpha$-amylase promoter was relatively weaker than that of the native promoter. As expected, their toxicity against Plutella xylostella larvae was dependent on the amount of Cry1Acl protein expressed.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.123-131
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• 2016

In this paper, we discussed learner's capability enhancement education suitable for the age of artificial intelligence (AI) using game analysis and archival research based on the 2016 Google Deepmind Challenge match between AI that possessed the finest deep neural networks and the master Baduk player that represented the best of the human minds. AlphaGo was a brilliant move that transcended the conventional wisdom of Baduk and introduced a new paradigm of Baduk. Lee Sedol defeated AlphaGo via the 'divine move and Great idea' that even AlphaGo could not have calculated. This was the triumph of human intuition and insights, which are deeply embedded in human nature as well as human courage and strength. Convergence science education that cultivates student abilities that can help them control machines in the age of AI must be in the direction of developing diverse human insights and positive spirits embedded in human nature not possessed by AI via implementing hearts-on experience and topophilia education obtained from the nature.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.246-253
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• 2015

Background & Object: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes ankylosis and deformation of axial joints. Since current medicine cannot cure the disease yet, alleviating pain and preventing deformation with medications are the main therapy for patients with AS. The key medications for these purposes include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) inhibitors. This study aims to analyze prescribing patterns of AS patients in South Korea. Method: National Patients Sample data compiled by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service from 2013 was analyzed. Patients with AS were identified with Korean Standard Classification of Diseases code-6, which was M45. The rates of prescription, discontinuation, and switching ingredients were calculated for each medication during 2013. Results: Total number of patients was 655, and most of them were male (n = 514, 78.5%). Of all age groups, the proportion of 30-40 year old patients was the greatest (35.1%). The most utilized drug class was NSAIDs (82.4%). Less than half of patients were prescribed $TNF-{\alpha}$ inhibitors (n = 212, 32.4%). Meloxicam, aceclofenac, and celecoxib were the most frequently prescribed NSAIDs. In case of $TNF-{\alpha}$ inhibitors, adalimumab, etanercept and infliximab were the top three most prescribed drugs. Although not recommended by the current practice guideline, significant proportions of patients were identified using disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Conclusion: Considering the current practice guideline and previous studies about the efficacy, the use of DMARDs should be reduced and medical insurance term in South Korea should be re-examined.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.132-139
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• 1996

The growth of recombinant E. coil and by-product production were investigated. D-cycloserine was added to increase the secretion of ${\alpha}$-amylase from recombinant E.coil. Even though cell growth was increased for optimal d-cycloserine concentration $0.1g/\ell$, extracellular ${\alpha}$-amylase activity remained almost the same as the case without d-cycloserine. It is important to achieve the high cell density for commercial production of methaboliles including ${\alpha}$-amylase. To achieve this goal, culture conditions should be selected carefully and optimized considering cell growth and by-products production. In cultivating retombinant E. coli, lactic acid and acetic acid turned out to be important by-product which affected cell yield and growth rate.