• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.47-55
• /
• 1970

In order to approach a reasonable method for the indirect estimation of the productivity in terrestrial plants, allometric method was studied with herbs, such as Boenmeria frutescens and Hibiscus mutabilis, and scrubs, such as Robinia pseud oacacia and Morus alba f. Hchiroe. Allometric relations between D230H, square of the stem(or shoot) diameter(D30) on 30cm height above ground multiplied by stem length(H), and the amount of the stem(Ws), orof the leaves per stem, were fitted to each material plant with linear regression. The allometric coefficient in relation of D230H to Ws was approximated between scrubs having different life form, and the allometric function in relation of DF2 to WL was common between herbs in spite of having different growth habitat. As the allometries between D230H and Ws or WL were changeable with the seasonal change it funciton should be calculated repeatedly whenever investigating the standing crop of such community. It is able to utilize an indirect value of D30 obtained from the allometry between D30 and H because direct measurement of D30 in the field is accompanied by troublesome and waste of much time.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.155-159
• /
• 1990

The growth of lean from nine wholesale cuts in relation to the total lean weight in carcass side were evaluated with three allometric equations for 18 Najdi male camels slaughtered at 8, 16 and 26 months of age. The allometric growth coefficients indicated that as the camels grew, weights of lean form brisket and flank cuts increased relatively more rapidly than the total lean in carcass side (${\beta}$ >1.1) and that weights of lean from wholesale shoulder and rump cuts increased relatively less rapidly (${\beta}$ <.9) than the total lean weight from carcass side. The growth coefficients for the lean in the thoracic limb and pelvic limb showed a dorsoventral rise in the growth impetus, with coefficients for the thoracic limb correspondingly higher than those of pelvic limb. The growth coefficients for the lean from shoulder, rib, flank and leg cuts increased (p<.01) with increased weight of total lean in carcass side, whereas it decreased with increased total lean weight in carcass side for the lean in neck, brisket, plate, loin and rump cuts. At a constant weight of total lean in carcass side, older camels had larger coefficients for lean in neck, brisket, rump, flank and leg cuts, but had smaller coefficients for lean in shoulder, rib, plate and loin cuts.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.169-180
• /
• 2023

Oreochromis niloticus is the most ecologically and economically important fish in tropical and sub-tropical aquatic systems. Recently, due to sever anthropogenic stressors, hydrological variations and infestations of invasive alien species in Ethiopian water bodies, fish community structure and ecosystem of Lake Tana is changing alarmingly. So far, there is paucity of information on the morphometric relations and diet composition of O. niloticus in Lake Tana, gulf of Gorgora. A total of 309 fish samples were collected and their total length (TL), standard length (SL) and total weight (TW) were measured to determine morphometric relations; and gut contents were examined to identify most important food item in the diet of the fish. Results indicated that, the relation between TL and SL was significant (p < 0.001) and linear (SL = 0.942TL-2.41) while the relation between TL and TW was curvilinear (TW = 0.014 TL^2.8) indicating allometric growth. Among the total guts scrutinized, 53 (17.3%) of them were empty and the remaining 256 (82.7%) were non-empty. Phytoplankton constituted the largest bulk and occurred in 77% of the guts examined and volumetrically accounted 44.3%. Detritus and zooplankton had an intermediate importance by occurring 60.2% and 63.3% of all guts scrutinized and constituted about 25.6% and 15.5% of the total volume respectively. Contributions of macrophytes, insects, nematodes and unidentified food items were relatively low in their importance. Ontogenetic dietary shift was observed in the diet indicating an omnivorous feeding habit of the adult fish.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.61-69
• /
• 1999

The above ground biomass and annual net productivity of Salix nipponica were estimated by the allometric method in the littoral zone of Parksil-nup wetland, Hapcheon-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do Korea. The density of stems and individuals per hectare were 14,950 and 6,140, respectively and the mean number of stems per individual was 2.43. The proportion of the above ground biomass of stem, branch, and leaf were 59.2%, 28.3% and 12.5%, respectively. The standing crops was 109.7 ton/ha and total phytomass was 926.7 ton in the study area. Annual net production was 25.3 ton/ha estimated from the standing crops and the age structure.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.219-225
• /
• 1991

The influence of age on the relative growth patterns of subcutaneous, intermuscular, intramuscular, perirenal, channel and hump fat in relation to the total fat weight in carcass sides of 18 Najdi male camels averaging 8, 16 and 26 months of age has been investigated. The total fat weight in a carcass side increased (p<.01) from 17.3% to 27.1% as the camel age increased from 8 to 26 months. However, at all ages studied, intermuscular fat weight was the largest fat depot, followed, in order, by subcutaneous and intramuscular fat. The change in weight of the intramuscular, intermuscular and subcutaneous fat between 8 and 26 months of age was greater, reaching 6.7, 4.3 and 4 times respectively, than the hump, channel and perirenal fat weight which increased by 3.6, 2.5 and 2.3 times, respectively. The allometric growth coefficient (${\beta}$) for intramuscular fat in relation to the total carcass fat weight was the highest, followed, in order, by intermuscular, subcutaneous, hump, channel and perirenal fat.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.122-128
• /
• 1975

With the cultivated mulberry plant which feeds silkworm on its leaves in sericulture, the measuring methods of biomass of terrestrial organs were compared and the annual net productivity was estimated. The measurement of the standing crops by means of allometric method on basis of relation between the parameter D230H, square of the diameter of the branch on 30cm high above ground($D{\frac}{2}{30}$) multiplied by its height(H), and the amount of leaves(WL) or of branch (Ws) was more accurate than other methods on basis of correlation between a character of the branch such as H, D30 or D230 and WL or Ws. The estimate of value of the net productivity of terrestrial parts of mulberry was 9.06-12.54 ton/ha.year, which was similar to that obtained from secondary forests in cool temperate zone.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.287-290
• /
• 2006

Eye growth and lens diameter of brown croaker Miichthys miiuy were positively allometric between hatching and 180 days post-hatch (d.p.h.). Eye growth in relation to head length and head height was nearly isometric. Eyes were formed completely at 14 d.p.h. At this age, the eye has a crystalline lens, an optic nerve fiber layer, a ganglion cell layer, an inner plexiform layer, an inner nuclear layer, an outer plexiform layer, an outer nuclear layer, an outer limiting membrane, and a pigment epithelium. The essential demands that must be met by the retina in this species pertain to light sensitivity and spatial resolution.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.390-396
• /
• 1994

Age and growth of Ecklonia stolonifera Okamura were investigated by random quadrate sampling method at monthly intervals from February 1993 to January 1994 in Pusan Bay, southeastern coast of Korea. The size of various parts of the collected plants was periodically measured individually. An allometric relationship was established according to the total length, blade length, stipe length, stipe diameter and weight of frond. Each age group was divided according to the range of stipe length by the allometric relation. The population of E. stolonifera consisted of five age groups; 1 year ($41.5\%$), 2 years ($25.9\%$), 3 years ($21.1\%$), 4 years ($7.8\%$) and 5 years ($3.5\%$). During a year, biomass of the population increased drastically from May to September, but gradually decrease from October to January. Zoosporangial sori were observed on blades of three or more years old, from October to December. New populations were formed by zoospores, developed on shoots of three or more years old, and also they were vegetatively formed from stoloniferous haptera on two or more year old mother thalli.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.19-26
• /
• 1971

The sample stand of Pinus rigida plantation was chosen from those at the Choongnam Forest Experiment Station, Choongnam. The diameter at breast height (D) and the height of tree (H) of each tree in the sample plot of 200$m^2$ were measured yearly a from 1967 through 1969. The stand was 12.7-13.4cm in mean diameter and had a stand density of 2,150 trees per ha. The trunk, branches and leaves of each sample tree were separately weighed according to the stratified clip technique. The allometric relation between D2H and dry weight of trunk (Ws), branches (Wb) and leaves (Wl) were approximated by $$W_s=0.05917 (D^2H)^{0.837}$$ $$W_0=0.00655 (D^2H)^{0.989 }$$ $$W_l=0.04466(D^2H)^{0.690}$$ From the above, the standing crops in the sample stand was estimated to be as much as 76.7, 81.7 and 88.2 tons of dry matter, above ground, per ha in 1967, 1968 and 1969, respectively. Annual net production, as the sum of the biomass newly produced during one year, was estimated at 4.97-5.47 tons per ha per year. The respiratory and the photosynthetic rate deduced from theoretical calculations were 0.045 and 0.74kg of dry matter per kg per year. Tentative estimate of annual respiratory loss was made and annual gross production was roughly estimated at 4.4-4.7 and 10.7-12.9 tons of dry matter per ha per year. The ratio of respiratory loss to gross production was approximately 36-41:1.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.85-91
• /
• 1976

A comparison betwen the productivity of Pinus rigida which is native in the Eastern United States, and P. rigitaeda which is F1 hybrid between P. rigida and P. taeda, has been established. For each tree the diameter at breast height (D) and the height of tree (H) were measured in three years. The standard sample trees were down and then weighed each organ. From obtained data the allometric relation between $D_2H$ and dry weight of the trunk (Ws), the branches (Wb) and the leaves (Wl) of P. rigida were approxmated by $$Ws=0.0592 (D^2H)^{0.837}$$ $$Wb=0.0065 (D^2H)^{0.989}$$ $$Wl=0.0447(D^2H)^{0.690}$$ and those of P. rigitaeda were approximated by $$Ws=0.0522 (D^2H)^{0.843}$$ $$Wb=0.0037 (D^2H)^{1.117}$$ $$Wl=0.0207 (D^2H)^{0.856}$$ From the above, the standing crops of above ground of P. rigida were estimated to be as much as 16.93-34.35 ton dry matter per ha, and those of P. rigitaeda were 20.45-45.55 ton per ha. Annual net production was appraised at 8.07-9.35 ton/ha.yr in P. rigida and at 11.59-13.41 ton/ha.yr in P. rigitaeda (1.0:1.4). It is assumed that high productivity of P. rigitaeda stand compared with P. rigida resulted from an increase of the leaf amount with age. Photosynthetic ability under the saturated light of the current and theold leaves of P. rigida were respectively 2.62 and 0.66mg CO2/g. d. wt..hr and those of P. rigitaeda were 1.17 and 0.96mg CO2/g.d. wt.hr. Respiration of the current and the old leaves at $25^{\circ}C$ were 1.00 and 0.90 mg CO2/g. d. wt..hr. in P. rigida and 0.90 and 0.45mg CO2/g.d.wt.hr in P. rigitaeda. It is assumed that photosynthetic longevity of P. rigitaeda leaves was vigorously maintained longer than that of P. rigida.