• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 1999

Although traditionally viewed as a physical barrier between the host and a variety of inhaled irritants and pathogens, it has become clear that the epithelium has a much broader functional scope. Epithelial cells arc metabolically active and can play an important role in the regulation of the allergic inflammatory response. This review provides a consideration of the role of the epithelial cell as both a "target" for exogenous and endogenous stimuli and as an "effector" cell that is capable of producing a variety of products that can influence the inflammatory response in the airways.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.406-420
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• 2012

Objectives : Scutellaria barbata has been widely used in oriental medicine used for treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. In this study, to investigate the protective effect of Scutellaria barbata on type I allergic response, we determined whether Scutellaria barbata inhibits early or late allergic responses. Methods : To assess the effect of Scutellaria barbata Pharmacopuncture Extract(SB) in RBL-2H3 cells, we investigated the levels of the markers of degranulation such as ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase and histamine, inflammatory mediator such as IL-4, TNF-${\alpha}$, PGE2 and cysLT, and mRNA expression of cytokines and enzymes. In addition, we determined the levels of intracellular ROS by DCFH-DA assay and the free radical scavenging activity by DPPH method. Results : We found that SB suppressed the release of ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase and histamine and the production of IL-4, TNF-${\alpha}$, PGE2 and cysLT in RBL-2H3 by the antigen stimulation. SB also significantly inhibited the enzyme mRNA expressions, such as HDC2, COX-1, COX-2, 5-LOX and iNOS2, along with reduced cytokine mRNA expressions, such as IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, TNF-${\alpha}$ and GM-CSF in RBL-2H3. In addition, SB suppressed the levels of intracellular ROS. Conclusions : Our results indicate that SB protects against type I allergic response and exert an anti-inflammatory effect through the inhibition of degranulation, inflammatory mediator release and mRNA expression of cytokines and enzymes.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.22-31
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• 2019

Objective This study is to learn the effects of Hataedock method using Coptidis rhizoma and Glycyrrhiza uralensis mixed extract on inflammatory response in allergic rhinitis-induced obese NC/Nga mice. Materials and Methods The mice were fed with high fat-diet to be obese, and were divided into 3 groups as follows; allergic rhinitis-induced obese mice group with Hataedock method (CGT, n=10), no treatment group (Ctrl), allergic rhinitis elicited obese mice group (ARE). To induce allergic rhinitis, NC/Nga mice of 3 weeks age were sensitized on 7, 8 and 9 weeks by ovalbumin antigen in intraperitoneal space. After 7 days of final sensitization, allergic rhinitis was initially induced in mice through nasal cavities for 5 days. After 1-week, allergic rhinitis was induced again by the same method. Histological examination was used to identify distribution of IL-4, CD40, STAT6, $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$, substance P, MMP-9, NF-${\kappa}B$ p65, iNOS and COX-2. Results Hataedock method significantly reduced IL-4, STAT6 and CD40 response (p<0.05). In CGT, the inhibition of Th2 differentiation decreased inflammatory mediators such as $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$, substance P, MMP-9, NF-${\kappa}B$ p65, iNOS and COX-2 (all p<0.05). The immunological improvement led reduction of respiratory epithelial damage and mucin secretion in goblet cell. Conclusion The results of this study show that the Hataedock method suppresses the expression of allergic rhinitis by decreasing the inflammatory mediators through the regulation of Th2 differentiation even when the inflammation reaction is increased by obesity. Therefore, Hataedock may have potential preventive measure of allergic rhinitis accompanied by obese.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

Objectives : The root of Peucedanum japonicum Thunberg (Peucedani Japonici Radix; PJR) has been traditionally used as an herbal medicine for the treatment of anti-headache, anti-paralysis, anti-cancer, vascular protection, and blood pressure regulation. In this study, we investigated the anti-allergic effect of PJR water extract on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma in mice. Methods : Mice were sensitized at days 1, 8 and 15 with OVA and airway challenged at days 22, 24, 26, 28, and 30 to induced allergic asthma. PJR-W extract at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg/body weight (bw) was orally administered during OVA challenge once per a day. The levels of allergic mediators such as immunoglobulin (Ig) E, and Th1/Th2 cytokines (IFN-${\gamma}$ and IL-4) were measured in the sera of mice by ELISA. The histological change of lung tissue was observed with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Results : The administration of PJR-W extract significantly decreased the serum levels of IgE, IL-4, and IFN-${\gamma}$ compared with those of OVA control group. In H&E staining, PJR-E extract inhibited OVA-induced airway inflammation and the inflammatory cells infiltration in the peribronchial regions of the lung. Conclusions : These results indicate that PJR-W extract has an anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effect on allergic response through the down-regulation of allergic mediators, suggesting that this herb may be used as a useful source for the treatment of allergic inflammatory diseases such as asthma.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.249-273
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• 1997

Hyunggyeyungyotang has been used for treatment of sinusitis and otitis media in oriental medicine since ancient times. It is reported that Hyunggyeyungyotang has good effects on inflammatory and allergic diseases of otorhinolaryngology in clinical medicine. Kamihyunggyeyungyotang was made by adding several herbs to Hyunggyeyungyotang which has such good effects. To investigate the effects of Hyunggyeyungyotang and Kamihyunggyeyungyotang on inflammatory, algesic and allergic diseases, the author examined the analgesic effect by acetic acid reaction, studied the anti-inflammatory effect through the experiments of the protein thermo-denaturation and circumscribed edema. Besides researched the anti-allergic effect through the vascular permeability response to Chemical Mediator and the delayed type hypersensitivity response to Picryl Chloride. The obtained results were as follows ; 1. In the analgesic effect of Hyunggyeyungyotang and Kamihyunggyeyungyotang extract by acetic acid method, both of the sample groups showed the analgesia, but didn't show useful effect. 2. In the anti-inflammatory effect on the protein thermo-denaturation, the sample groups revealed the inhibitory effect in proportion to concentration as compared with the control group. 3. In the inhibitory action on circumscribed edema induced by Caraggeenin, both of Hyunggyeyungyotang and Kamihyunggyeyungyotang administration showed the significant effect after 4 hours in comparison to the control group. 4. In the delayed type hypersensitivity response to Picryl Chloride, both of the sample groups revealed the significant effects. 5. Both of the sample groups decreased the vascular permeability induced by Histamine in comparison with the control group, but the significancy was admitted in only Hyunggyeyungyotang administration. According to above results, Hyunggyeyungyotang and Kamihyunggyeyungyotang are considered to be used for treament of the inflammatory diseases including sinusitis.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.116-122
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• 2019

The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Hataedock treatment using Coptidis Rhizome and Glycyrrhiza Uralensis (CG) mixed extract in allergic rhinitis induced NC/Nga mice. We divided NC/Nga mice into 3 groups as follows; allergic rhinitis-induced group after CG Hataedock treatment (CGT, n=10), no treatment group (Ctrl), allergic rhinitis elicited group (ARE). To induce allergic rhinitis, NC/Nga mice of 3 weeks age were sensitized on 7, 8 and 9week by Ovalbumin (OVA) antigen in intranasal space. Hataedock using CG extract was administered on week 3 in allergic rhinitis-induced group (CGT) after Hataedock treatment. To identify distribution of Interlukin (IL)-4, Cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40), high-affinity IgE receptor ($Fc{\varepsilon}RI$), substance P, Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), Nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ ($NF-{\kappa}B$) p65, Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and Cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2), we used histological examination. CGT significantly inhibited IL-4 and CD40 response compared with ARE. The reduction of Th2 cytokine expression decreased inflammatory mediators such as $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$, substance P, MMP-9, $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65, iNOS and COX-2. Such immunological improvement induced reduction of respiratory epithelial damage and mucin secretion in goblet cell. These results indicate that Hataedock treatment suppresses allergic rhinitis through modulating of Th2 responses and diminishing various inflammatory mediators in nasal mucosal tissue. It might have potential applications for prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.16-25
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• 2008

Background & Objectives : Rhinitis is an inflammation of nasal mucosa. The major symtoms are watery rhinorrhea, sneezing, itchy nose, and nasal obstruction. Allergic rhinitis is an immune reaction by allergen. So, we aimed to determine therapeutic effects of Acorus gramineus by observing changes in IL-4, $IFN-{\gamma}$ and the nasal mucosal tissue. Materials and Methods : Fifteen BALC/c mice were divided into three groups : m group(which ate low concentrated herbal medicine ), M group(which ate high concentrated herbal medicine) and control group. Control and experimental group were induced allergic rhinitis by Ovalbumin as the method of Levin and Vaz. Experimental group was orally administered the Acorus gramineus extract for 28days. We observed changes in IL-4, $IFN-{\gamma}$ and trans aminase(AST, ALT) in blood and nasal mucosa and submucosa. Results : There were no significant changes statistically in IL-4 and $IFN-{\gamma}$ in blood(p<0.05). And there were no hepatotoxicity with Acorus gramineus extract. Histologically, almost no inflammatory response in treatment group(m,M) against that there were inflammatory response(increased goblet cells, dilated vessels, edema of bowman's glands and injured olfactory hairs) in control group. Conclusion : According to above results, it is supposed that Acorus gramineus has no immunological effects on allergic rhinitis.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1525-1533
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• 2007

The discovery of drugs on the treatment of rhinitis and allergic disease is a very important subject in human heath. The Shinbijen has been used for centruries as a traditional medicine in Korea and is known to have an anti-inflammatory effect. However, its specific mechanism of action is still unknown. In this report, we investigated the effect of hot water extract from Shinbijen on OVA-mediated allergic reaction and studied its possible mechanism of action using fluorescenc microscopy and RT-PCR analysis. Shinbijen inhibited OVA-induced rhinitis, total cells in BFA and lymphocyte related to inflammation in mice. Shinbijen decreased immuno response, which activated by IL-4, COX-2 and iNOS expression. in tissue. Shinbijen reduced inflammatory molecule release from mice lung tissue and CD4/CD8 cells activated by cardiac blood. Shinbijen decreased OVA-induced IL-4 and iNOS levels in pulmonary alveoli. Our findings provide evidence that Shinbijen inhibits OVA-induced allergic reactions, and also demonstrate the involvement of inflammation and allergic disease in these effects.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.226-229
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• 2020

S100A8 functions as an essential factor in inflammatory response. Cytokine release of monocytes and regulation of neutrophil apoptosis are important steps in pathogenesis of allergy. This study aims to examine the relation between cytokine release of monocytes due to S100A8 and neutrophil apoptosis. S100A8 enhanced the release of IL-6 and IL-8 in monocytes of normal and allergic subjects. Treatment of supernatants of normal and allergic monocytes with S100A8 blocked neutrophil apoptosis by inhibition of caspase 9 and caspase 3 activation. The secretion signal induced by S100A8 is involved in TLR4, Src family protein, PKCδ, ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, JNK, and NF-κB. These findings may contribute to understanding the complex pathogenesis of allergic diseases by determining inflammatory responses associated with S100A8, monocytes, and neutrophils.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.36-45
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• 2012

Objectives Perillae Folium (PF) has been widely used in Korean herbal medicines used for treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rhinitis, asthma, and enteritis. In this study, to investigate the protective effect of PF on type 1 allergic response, we determined whether PF inhibits early or late allergic responses. Methods The effect of PF was analyzed by ELISA,. RT-PCR and Western blot in RBL-2H3 cells. Levels of ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase, interleukin (IL)-4 and TNF-${\alpha}$ were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). mRNA levels of cytokines and enzymes were analyzed with RT-PCR. Signal transduction was analyzed with Western blot. Results We found that PF suppressed ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase release in RBL-2H3 by the IgE-DNP-HSA stimulation. PF also significantly inhibited enzymes level, such as COX-1, COX-2, iNOS, and HDC2, along with reduced cytokine levels, such as IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-13, and TNF-${\alpha}$ in RBL-2H3. In addition, PF suppressed the phospholyation of ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$. Conclusions Our results indicate that PF protects against type 1 allergic response and exert an anti-inflammatory effect through the inhibition of degranulation and expression of cytokines and enzymes via the suppression of signal transduction.