• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.120-126
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• 2009

As the information age grows rapidly, the amount of digital texts has been increasing as well. It has brought an increasing of visualization case in order to figure out lots of digital texts. Existing visualized design of digital text is merely concentrating on figuration of subject word through adoption of stemming algorithm and word frequency extraction, prominence of meaning of text, and connection in between sentences. So it is a fact that expression of rhythm that can visualize sentimental feeing of digital text was insufficient. Syllable is a phoneme unit that can express rhythm more efficiently. In sentences, syllable is a most basic pronunciation unit in pronouncing word, phase and sentence. On this basis, accent, intonation, length of rhythm factor and others are based on syllable. Sonority, which is most closely associated with definitions of syllable, is expressed through air flow of igniting lung and acoustic energy that is specified kinetic energy into sonority. Seen from this perspective, this study examines phonologic definition and characteristics based on syllable, which is properties of digital text, and research the way to visualize rhythm through diagram. After converting digital text into phonetic symbol by the experiment, rhythm information are visualized into images using degree of resonance, which was started from rhythm in all languages, and using syllable establishment of digital text. By visualizing syllable information, it provides syllable information of digital text and express sentiment of digital text through diagram to assist user's understanding by systematic formula. Therefore, this study is aimed at planning for easy understanding of text's rhythm and realizing visualization of digital text.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.5A
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• pp.511-520
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• 2011

In this paper, we introduce a multiuser (MU) scheduling method for multiuser amplify-and-forward relay systems, which selects both the transmission mode, i.e., either one- or two-hop transmission, and the desired user via two steps. A closed-form expression for the average achievable rate of the proposed scheduling is derived under two transmission modes with MU scheduling, and its asymptotic solution is also analyzed in the limit of large number of mobile stations. Based on the analysis, we perform our two-step scheduling algorithm: the transmission mode selection followed by the user selection that needs partial feedback for instantaneous signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) to the base station. We also analyze the average SNR condition such that the MU diversity gain is fully exploited. In addition, it is examined how to further reduce a quantity of feedback under certain conditions. The proposed algorithm shows the comparable achievable rate to that of the optimal one using full feedback information, while its required feedback overhead is reduced below half of the optimal one.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.142-151
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• 2018

Purpose: The modification of the cancer classification system aimed to improve the classical anatomy-based tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) staging by considering tumor biology, which is associated with patient prognosis, because such information provides additional precision and flexibility. Materials and Methods: We previously developed an mRNA expression-based single patient classifier (SPC) algorithm that could predict the prognosis of patients with stage II/III gastric cancer. We also validated its utilization in clinical settings. The prognostic single patient classifier (pSPC) differentiates based on 3 prognostic groups (low-, intermediate-, and high-risk), and these groups were considered as independent prognostic factors along with TNM stages. We evaluated whether the modified TNM staging system based on the pSPC has a better prognostic performance than the TNM 8th edition staging system. The data of 652 patients who underwent gastrectomy with curative intent for gastric cancer between 2000 and 2004 were evaluated. Furthermore, 2 other cohorts (n=307 and 625) from a previous study were assessed. Thus, 1,584 patients were included in the analysis. To modify the TNM staging system, one-grade down-staging was applied to low-risk patients according to the pSPC in the TNM 8th edition staging system; for intermediate- and high-risk groups, the modified TNM and TNM 8th edition staging systems were identical. Results: Among the 1,584 patients, 187 (11.8%), 664 (41.9%), and 733 (46.3%) were classified into the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups, respectively, according to the pSPC. pSPC prognoses and survival curves of the overall population were well stratified, and the TNM stage-adjusted hazard ratios of the intermediate- and high-risk groups were 1.96 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41-2.72; P<0.001) and 2.54 (95% CI, 1.84-3.50; P<0.001), respectively. Using Harrell's C-index, the prognostic performance of the modified TNM system was evaluated, and the results showed that its prognostic performance was better than that of the TNM 8th edition staging system in terms of overall survival (0.635 vs. 0.620, P<0.001). Conclusions: The pSPC-modified TNM staging is an alternative staging system for stage II/III gastric cancer.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.313-324
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• 2008

A sentence reduction is the information compression process which removes extraneous words and phrases and retains basic meaning of the original sentence. Most researches in the sentence reduction have required a large number of lexical and syntactic resources and focused on extracting or removing extraneous constituents such as words, phrases and clauses of the sentence via the complicated parsing process. However, these researches have some problems. First, the lexical resource which can be obtained in loaming data is very limited. Second, it is difficult to reduce the sentence to languages that have no method for reliable syntactic parsing because of an ambiguity and exceptional expression of the sentence. In order to solve these problems, we propose the sentence reduction method which uses templates and POS(part of speech) information without a parsing process. In our proposed method, we create a new sentence using both Sentence Reduction Templates that decide the reduction sentence form and Grammatical POS-based Reduction Rules that compose the grammatical sentence structure. In addition, We use Viterbi algorithms at HMM(Hidden Markov Models) to avoid the exponential calculation problem which occurs under applying to Sentence Reduction Templates. Finally, our experiments show that the proposed method achieves acceptable results in comparison to the previous sentence reduction methods.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.56-63
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• 2016

In this study, we introduce a design of Fuzzy RBFNNs-based digit recognition system using the incremental-PCA in order to recognize the handwritten digits. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a widely-adopted dimensional reduction algorithm, but it needs high computing overhead for feature extraction in case of using high dimensional images or a large amount of training data. To alleviate such problem, the incremental-PCA is proposed for the computationally efficient processing as well as the incremental learning of high dimensional data in the feature extraction stage. The architecture of Fuzzy Radial Basis Function Neural Networks (RBFNN) consists of three functional modules such as condition, conclusion, and inference part. In the condition part, the input space is partitioned with the use of fuzzy clustering realized by means of the Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) algorithm. Also, it is used instead of gaussian function to consider the characteristic of input data. In the conclusion part, connection weights are used as the extended diverse types in polynomial expression such as constant, linear, quadratic and modified quadratic. Experimental results conducted on the benchmarking MNIST handwritten digit database demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed digit recognition system when compared with other studies.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.341-349
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• 2002

The target controlled infusion(TCI) pump system is a logical approach to the development of improved administration techniques of an intravenous anaesthetic agent. The principle of TCI system is based on an understanding of the pharmacokinetic properties, three or four compartment model. The TCI system is optimal and flexible control of the plasma drug concentration. But the clinical goal is always to achieve a therapeutic drug effect, not a therapeutic concentration. So we developed the algorithm to target the concentration at the site of drug effect rather than the concentration in the plasma. If impulse drug is inputted into body, the decline of plasma concentration with time is shown, resulting in the expression of the differential equation. Therefore, we must reformulate our three-compartment model as four-compartment model with the effect compartment. And we tested plasma targeting and effect targeting algorithm by computer simulation using four-compartment model. So we developed the TCI capable of applying all intravenous drugs by adjusting individual pharmacokinetic parameters independently.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.52-60
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to derive a new trend by analyzing installations using 3D printing that are out of the limits of size and design according to the trends of developing 3D printing technology. This paper classified the types of installations using 3D printing and analyzed them with two trends: the trend of design and the trend of output. The trends of installations using 3D printing derived from this study are as follows. First, as the implementation of design through an algorithm is accomplished, the transformation appears with the atypical design that is prominent in complex expression. Second, Robotics and FDM 3D Printing is fused, which is changing the existing paradigm. Therefore, the production and utilization of installations using 3D printing proceeded at a faster pace through the interaction between the algorithm design method and freeform 3D printing technology. This study was conducted on installations using 3D printing around the world and played a basic role in the research on the production of installations using 3D printing along with domestic 3D printing technology to be developed in the future. Follow-up studies in various aspects, such as materials and combination methods, will be needed.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.21-27
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• 2006

This paper is for the segmentation and volume calculation of the white matter and gray matter from brain MRI. We segment white matter, gray matter and CSF from the Brain image in the normal and abnormal person, and calculate the volume of segmented tissue. In this paper, we present a new method of extracting white matter, gray matter and CSF and calculation its volume from MR images for brain. And we have developed the determining method of threshold that can extract white matter and gray matter from MR image for brain through the analysis of gray values represented by ratio of each component. We proposed the calculation method of volume for white matter and gray matter by using number of extracted pixels in each slice. This algorithm input CSF/Head volume ratio and age of patient and calculates discriminant value through discriminant expression, classifies normal and abnormal using calculated discriminant value. As a result, we could blow that white matter and gray matter volume decrease and CSF volume increase as we grow gold.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.11-19
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• 2014

The natural user interface/experience (NUI/NUX) is used for the natural motion interface without using device or tool such as mice, keyboards, pens and markers. Up to now, typical motion recognition methods used markers to receive coordinate input values of each marker as relative data and to store each coordinate value into the database. But, to recognize accurate motion, more markers are needed and much time is taken in attaching makers and processing the data. Also, as NUI/NUX framework being developed except for the most important intuition, problems for use arise and are forced for users to learn many NUI/NUX framework usages. To compensate for this problem in this paper, we didn't use markers and implemented for anyone to handle it. Also, we designed multi-modal NUI/NUX framework controlling voice, body motion, and facial expression simultaneously, and proposed a new algorithm of mouse operation by recognizing intuitive hand gesture and mapping it on the monitor. We implement it for user to handle the "hand mouse" operation easily and intuitively.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.1485-1490
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• 2004

Recently, we have remarkable developments in intelligent robot systems. The remarkable features of intelligent robot are that it can track user, does face recognition and vital for many surveillance based systems. Advantage of face recognition when compared with other biometrics recognition is that coerciveness and contact that usually exist when we acquire characteristics do not exist in face recognition. However, the accuracy of face recognition is lower than other biometric recognition due to decrease in dimension from of image acquisition step and various changes associated with face pose and background. Factors that deteriorate performance of face recognition are many such as distance from camera to face, lighting change, pose change, and change of facial expression. In this paper, we implement a new 3D active camera system to prevent various pose variation that influence face recognition performance and propose face recognition algorithm for intelligent surveillance system and mobile robot system.