• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2006

When the stagnation temperature of a perfect gas increases, the specific heat for constant pressure and ratio of the specefic heats do not remain constant any more and start to vary with this temperature. The gas remains perfect: its state equation remains always valid, with exception that it will be named by calorically imperfect gas. The aim of this research is to develop the relations of the necessary thermodynamics and geometrical ratios. and to study the supersonic flow at high temperature. lower than the threshold of dissociation. The results are found by the resolution of nonlinear algebraic equations and integration of complex analytical functions where the exact calculation is impossible. The dichotomy method is used to solve the nonlinear equation. and the Simpson algorithm for the numerical integration of the found integrals. A condensation of the nodes is used. Since. the functions to be integrated have a high gradient at the extremity of the interval of integration. The comparison is made with the calorifcally perfect gas to determine the error made by this last. The application is made for the air in a supersonic nozzle.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제64권3호
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• pp.451-457
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• 2015

In this paper, we consider the observer design problem that truly reflects the nonlinear stiffness of the manipulators. The two key ideas of our design are that (a) estimation error dynamics of the manipulator equipped with accelerometer dose not dependent on nonlinearities at the link part, when the measured signals are the motor position and the output of the accelerometer and (b) the nonlinear stiffness is indeed a Lipschitz function. In order to effectively compensate the nonlinear stiffness, the gain of the proposed observer is carefully chosen from the ARE(algebraic Riccati equations) which depend on Lipschitz constant. Comparative simulation result verifies the effectiveness of the proposed solution.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.394-400
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• 2002

디지털 음성 통신에서 송신하는 음성 패킷의 전송 에러율을 알면 송신 채널 상황에 적합한 압축 동작을 통하여 전체 통신의 품질을 향상시킬 수 있다. 그러나 현재의 이동통신과 인터넷 통신에서는 음성 패킷의 전송 에러정보를 알려주는 프로토콜이 지원되지 않는다. 본 논문에서는 이를 해결하기 위하여 채널의 전송 에러 정보를 음성 패킷에 삽입하여 실시간으로 전달하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 채널 에러 정보 삽입 방법은 ACELP (algebraic code-excited linear predictin) 코드벡터의 펄스 위치의 상관 관계를 이용하며, 이를 통하여 추가정보 삽입에 의한 음질 저하를 막고 오인식율을 줄일 수 있다. 다양한 음성 데이터를 이용하여 제안한 방법의 성능을 측정하였으며 음질의 저하가 거의 발생하지 않고 정보의 검출 능력과 오인식율에서 만족할 만한 성능을 가지는 것을 확인하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.491-502
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• 1995

핵연료집합체 부수로 유동장에 대한 상세한 정보에 기초해 교차류를 정확히 예측하는 것은 핵연료의 성능을 해석하는데 중요한 요소이다. 본 연구에서는 저-Reynolds 수 k-$\varepsilon$ 난류모형을 채택하여 인접한 두 부수로 사이에 발생하는 교차류를 해석하였다 또한, 2차유동을 정확히 모사하기 위해서 비등방성 대수응력모형을 사용하였다. 이상의 난류 모형은 유한요소법을 통해 해석되었으며 가용한 실험자료와 비교하여 검증하였다. 그리고, 부수로 유동장에 대한 수치해석 결과를 이용하여 횡방향 합력손실계수의 상관식을 구성하였다. 상관식은 교차류를 제공하는 부수로의 축방향 속도에 대한 교차류의 속도비, 제공받는 부수로의 Reynolds 수 그리고 Pitch-to-diameter의 함수로 구성되었다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.241-260
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• 2020

This article presented a comprehensive model to study static buckling stability and associated mode-shapes of higher shear deformation theories of sandwich laminated composite beam under the compression of varying axial load function. Four higher order shear deformation beam theories are considered in formulation and analysis. So, the model can consider the influence of both thick and thin beams without needing to shear correction factor. The compression force can be described through axial direction by uniform constant, linear and parabolic distribution functions. The Hamilton's principle is exploited to derive equilibrium governing equations of unified sandwich laminated beams. The governing equilibrium differential equations are transformed to algebraic system of equations by using numerical differential quadrature method (DQM). The system of equations is solved as an eigenvalue problem to get critical buckling loads and their corresponding mode-shapes. The stability of DQM in determining of buckling loads of sandwich structure is performed. The validation studies are achieved and the obtained results are matched with those. Parametric studies are presented to figure out effects of in-plane load type, sandwich thickness, fiber orientation and boundary conditions on buckling loads and mode-shapes. The present model is important in designing process of aircraft, naval structural components, and naval structural when non-uniform in-plane compressive loading is dominated.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제72권2호
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• pp.229-244
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• 2019

Weak form integral equations are developed to investigate the flapwise bending vibration of the rotating beams. Rayleigh and Eringen nonlocal elasticity theories are used to investigate the rotatory inertia and Size-dependency effects on the flapwise bending vibration of the rotating cantilever beams, respectively. Through repetitive integrations, the governing partial differential equations are converted into weak form integral equations. The novelty of the presented approach is the approximation of the mode shape function by a power series which converts the equations into solvable one. Substitution of the power series into weak form integral equations results in a system of linear algebraic equations. The natural frequencies are determined by calculation of the non-trivial solution for resulting system of equations. Accuracy of the proposed method is verified through several numerical examples, in which the influence of the geometry properties, rotatory inertia, rotational speed, taper ratio and size-dependency are investigated on the natural frequencies of the rotating beam. Application of the weak form integral equations has made the solution simpler and shorter in the mathematical process. Presented relations can be used to obtain a close-form solution for quick calculation of the first five natural frequencies of the beams with flapwise vibration and non-local effects. The analysis results are compared with those obtained from other available published references.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.601-617
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• 2024

This work aims to explore the static behaviour of a tapered functionally graded porous plate (FGPP) with even and uneven porosity distributions resting on two parametric elastic foundations. The plate under investigation is subjected to bi-sinusoidal loading and the edges of the plate are exposed to different combinations of edge restrictions. In order to examin the static behaviour, bending factors (BF) related to bending and normal stresses have been evaluated using classical plate theory. To achieve this, the governing equations have been derived employing the energy concept. And to solve it, the Rayleigh-Ritz method with an algebraic function has been utilised; it is simple, precise, and computationally intensive. After convergence and validation analyses, new findings are made available. The BF of the plate have been exhaustively examined to explain the influence of aspect ratios, material property index, porosity factor, taper factor, and Winkler and Pasternak stiffness. It is observed that the BF of an elastically supported FGPP are influenced by the index of material propery and the aspect ratio. Findings also indicate that the impact of porosity is more when it is spread evenly, as opposed to when it is unevenly distributed. Further, the deformed plate's structure is significantly influenced by the different thickness variations. Examination of bending characteristics of FGPP having different new cases of thickness variations with different types of porosity distribution under fifteen different mixed edge constraints is the prime novality of this work. Results presented are reliable enough to be taken into account for future studies.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.19-32
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• 2024

Functionally graded-carbon nanotube (FG-CNT) is expected to be a new generation of materials with a wide range of potential applications in technological fields such as aerospace, defense, energy, and structural industries. In this paper, an exact finite strip method for functionally graded-carbon nanotube sandwich plates is developed using first-order shear deformation theory to get the exact natural frequencies of the plates. The face sheets of the plates are made of FG-CNT with continuous and smooth grading based on the power law index. The equations of motion have been generated based on the Hamilton principle. By extracting the exact stiffness matrix for any strip of the sandwich plate as a non-algebraic function of natural frequencies, it is possible to calculate the exact free vibration frequencies. The accuracy and efficiency of the current method is established by comparing its findings to the results of the literature works. Examples are presented to prove the efficiency of the generated method to deal with various problems, such as the influence of the length-to-height ratio, the power law index, and a core-to-face sheet thickness of the single and multi-span sandwich plates with various boundary conditions on the natural frequencies. The exact results obtained from this analysis can check the validity and accuracy of other numerical methods.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.309-331
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• 2016

호주는 2009년 연방정부에 의해 설립된 호주교육과정평가원(ACARA)의 주도 아래 국가교육과정 개발이 추진되었으며, 새로운 교과교육과정 시행 공지(2013.01.29)를 통해 2014년부터 새로운 교육과정을 점차적으로 확대 시행되고 있다. 호주의 교육과정과 교과서를 분석한 결과, 나선형 교육과정 하에 같은 내용을 학년이 올라감에 따라 반복, 심화하면서 다루고 있으며 공학도구를 적극적으로 활용하고 있고 돈과 금융 수학 등 실생활 맥락이 강조되고 있다. 또한 난이도나 분량 측면에서는 '수와 연산'이나 '문자와 식' 영역에서는 우리나라가 비교적 심화된 내용을 다루고 있는 반면 '통계' 영역에서는 호주가 실생활 통계에 초점이 맞추어져있으면서 배우는 내용도 많다. 또한 호주에서는 형식적인 '함수'는 다루지 않지만 다양한 그래프를 통해 폭 넓은 함수의 개념을 배우고 있는 등 영역에 따라 내용의 양이나 심화 정도에서 차이가 나타난다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.329-340
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• 2010

터널과 같은 지하공동 구조물의 역학적 거동은 지반의 복잡성 및 불확실성으로 인해 예측이 매우 어렵다. 터널굴착에 따른 거동 예측은 주로 모형실험이나 수치해석을 이용한 방법을 사용한다. 그러나 모형실험은 현장조건을 재현하기 어렵고, 수치해석 또한 적합한 구성 모델의 선정과 입력인자를 구하기가 매우 힘들다. 본 연구는 국내 화강암 풍화토 지반에 건설되는 터널의 천단침하와 내공변위에 대한 계측자료와 RMR을 근거로 하여 회귀분석방법을 사용하여 천단침하와 내공변위를 예측하였다. 계측자료를 분석한 결과 터널 굴착에 따른 천단침하는 굴착 초기인 약 20일 이내에 총 변위 변화량의 약 70~80%가 발생되었다. 천단침하와 내공변위를 예측한 결과, 지수함수가 대수함수보다 비교적 계측값에 잘 일치하였다. 또한 RMR값과 각 단면의 변위를 비교하여 상관관계식을 얻었다.