• KSBB Journal
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2003

A purified substance was separated from marine alga, Chlorella capsulate. Immuno-stimulatory activity was measured by observing the growth of human immune T and B cells. The growth of human T and B cells was enhanced by up to about 1.4 times by adding the fraction from C. capsulata, compared with commercially available CGF extracts from the fresh water alga, C. vulgaris. The secretion of TNF-a and IL-6 was also enhanced up to about 1.5 times by adding the separated fraction. Adding 0.4 g/L of the extract increased the production of nitric oxide from macrophages by 1.6 fold. 50% of the AGS cell growth was inhibited by adding 0.4 g/L of the water extracted sample.

• ALGAE
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.219-229
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• 2021

The hepatoprotective effect of liposoluble portion of Pyropia yezoensis (PYLP) was investigated against alcohol-induced liver injury in mice. Fatty acids were predominant in PYLP obtained from hexane fraction of 70% EtOH extract after ultrasonication. In particular, polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid and linoleic acid accounted for 56.91% of the total lipids. PYLP significantly reduced liver damage induced by the alcohol treatment in mice. PYLP treatment increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathion peroxidase by reducing thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Histological observations showed that PYLP minimizes damage to living tissue induced by alcohol treatment by modulating the expression level of proteins involved in the anti-apoptotic signaling pathway. Our results suggest that PYLP, rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids extracted from the red alga P. yezoensis, will be useful as a potential liver protectant in the hangover industry.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2014

Scuticociliates are regarded as serious pathogens in marine aquaculture worldwide. In Korea, they cause mass-mortalities in fish such as the commercially important olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. In particular, mixed infections of scuticociliates with pathogenic bacteria have been commonly reported. During efforts to identify natural marine-algae derived products that possess anti-bacterial and anti-scuticociliate properties, we found that an 80% methanolic extract of the red alga Polysiphonia morrowii Harvey exhibits both anti-scuticociliate activity against Miamiensis avidus, which is a major causative agent of scuticociliatosis, and anti-bacterial activities against fish pathogenic bacteria. Activity-guided fractionation and isolation of the 80% methanolic extract of P. morrowii yielded three bromophenols, which were identified as 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl methyl ether (1), 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (2) and urceolatol (3) based on spectroscopic analyses. 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl methyl ether (1) showed the highest anti-bacterial and anti-scuticociliate activities, with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of $62.5{\mu}g/mL$ (against Vibrio anguillarum) and minimal lethal concentration (MLC) of 62.5 ppm (in seawater). Investigations of the anti-bacterial and anti-scuticociliate activities of seventeen bromophenol derivatives, including the three isolated natural bromophenols, showed that the existence of an electron donating group or atom with a non-covalent electron pair at $C_4$ of the 2-bromophenol structure may be important in anti-scuticociliate activity. These findings suggest that the extract and bromophenol derivatives of P. morrowii may provide useful alternatives in aquaculture anti-scuticociliate therapies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.81-81
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• 2003

The present study was taken to examine the inhibitory effect of extracts of Scytosiphon lomentaria, a marine alga growing in Jeju Island, on the growth of cancer cells and to develop an anti-cancer agent using components of S. lomemtaria. The effect was observed by the measurement of metabolic activity using colorimetric 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. In results, crude extract of this alga markedly inhibited the growth of leukemia cell lines such as HL-60 and KG-1, but could scarcely inhibit the growth of normal cells (HEL299) and adenocarcinoma cells (SNU-16 and HCT-I5). When HL-60 cells were treated with the extract, DNA fragmentation and the increase of proportion of sub-G1 hypodiploid cells were observed. Therefore, the inhibitory effect of S. lomemtaria on the growth of HL-60 cells seems to arise from the induction of apoptosis. In order to understand the mechanism of apoptosis inducton by S. lomemtaria, we examined the changes of Bcl-2 and Bax expression. The extract reduced Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein, but increased Bax, a pro-apoptotic protein in a dose-dependent manner. When we examined the activation of caspase-3, an effector of apoptosis, the expression of active form(19 kDa) of caspase-3 was increased and the increase of their activities was demonstrated by the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase, a substrate of caspase-3, to 85 kDa. The results indicate that extract of S. lomentaria induces the apoptosis of HL-60 cells via the down-regulation of Bc1-2 and the activation of caspases.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2005

Cell growth of the marine microalga Tetraselmis suecica was regulated by the addition of seaweed extracts in its culture medium. Of 26 species of seaweed tested, water-soluble extracts from Monostroma nitidum and Pachymeniopsis elliptica and methanol-soluble extract from Sargassum confilsum enhanced the growth of T suecica cells. The water extract of M. nitidum was the most effective, producing up to a 2-fold increase in cell density with the addition of 1 mg/mL of extract to the culture medium. Cell size, gross biochemical composition, fatty acids, and digestion efficiency all differed marginally between cultures of T suecica grown with and without the M. nitidum extract.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.86-89
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• 2009

2,3,6-Tribromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl methyl ether (TDB) from the methanolic extract of the red alga Symphyocladia latiuscula exhibits major antioxidant activity. In this study, the activity of TDB against oxidative damage in deoxyribose and DNA was investigated in vitro for potential applications in preventing mutagenesis caused by DNA damage. TDB inhibited the oxidation of deoxyribose at concentrations of up to $1{\mu}g$/mL in the presence of $Fe^{+3}$-EDTA/$H_2O_2$. Furthermore, TDB showed no pro oxidant activity as determined by absence of the reduction of bleomycin-$Fe^{+3}$ to bleomycin-$Fe^{+2}$, which leads to DNA damage. Based on these results, TDB demonstrated considerable antioxidant activity without prooxidant properties.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.206.2-206.2
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• 2003

In continuing search for bioactive compounds from Korean marine algae, we found cholinesterase-inhibitory activity in the methanolic extract of brown alga Sargassum sagamianum. After partitioning between CHCl$_3$ and 30% MeOH, the former layer was purified by a series of ODS flash, silica column, gel-filtration on Sephadex LH-20, and HPLC to give two farnesylacetone derivatives. Their structures were identified by comparison with the literature data. Compounds 1 and 2 showed moderate acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities with IC$\sub$50/ values of 65.0∼48.0 ${\mu}$M and 34.0∼23.0 ${\mu}$M, respectively. (omitted)

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.449-453
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• 2004

Effect of pre-treatment with hot water extract of marine brown alga Sargassum polycystum C.Ag. (100 mg/kg body wt, orally for period of 15 days) on HCI-ethanol (150 mM of HCI-etha-not mixture containing 0.15 N HCI in $70\%$ v/v ethanol given orally) induced gastric mucosal injury in rats was examined with respect to lipid peroxides, antioxidant enzyme status, acid/pepsin and glycoproteins in the gastric mucosa. The levels of lipid peroxides of gastric mucosa and volume, acidity of the gastric juice were increased with decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes and glycoproteins were observed in HCI-ethanol induced rats. The rats pre-treated with seaweed extract prior to HCI-ethanol induction reversed the depleted levels of antioxidant enzymes and reduced the elevated levels of lipid peroxides when compared with HCI-ethanol induced rats. The levels of glycoproteins and alterations in the gastric juice were also maintained at near normal levels in rats pre-treated with seaweed extract. The rats given seaweed extract alone did not show any toxicity, which was confirmed by histopathological studies. These results suggest that the seaweed extract contains some anti-ulcer agents, which may maintain the volume/acidity of gastric juice and improve the gastric mucosa antioxidant defense system against HCI-ethanol induced gastric mucosal injury in rats.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.76.2-76.2
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• 2008

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.8.1-8.9
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• 2020

Background: The present study investigates the potent skin whitening ability of ethanol extract from the brown alga, Padina boryana (PBE) which was collected in the shores of Fulhadhoo Island, the Maldives, and its specific pathways of action. The effect of PBE which contains a rich amount of polyphenols was evaluated using B16F10 murine melanoma cells and provides insight to the underlying mechanisms with reference to the inhibition of melanin formation. Methods: Melanin synthesis and cellular tyrosinase inhibition were assessed in the α-MSH-stimulated melanocytes. Melanogenic pathway-related protein expressions were investigated via Western blotting. ERK 42/44 was particularly examined considering its involvement in the melanogenic pathway. Further, RT-qPCR techniques were involved in gene expression analysis. Results: PBE dose-dependently inhibited the cellular melanin synthesis and tyrosinase levels. Western blotting revealed the potential of PBE to downregulate microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, and tyrosinase-related protein-1 and protein-2 (TRP-1 and TRP-2). Moreover, results explained the phosphorylation of ERK was sustained via PBE and hence declined the ultimate melanin synthesis. Gene expression analysis reinforced the results obtained. Conclusions: The study provides substantial evidence to express the potential of PBE to inhibit B16F10 melanoma cell melanin synthesis. Concisely, results suggest the ability of PBE to be involved in medicinal and cosmeceutical applications.