• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.127-135
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• 2001

Alkyl polyglucosides were synthesized by solvent-free glycosidation using ultrasonic emulsification. We examined glycosidation conditions of fatty alcohol with glucose hydrate and anhydrous glucose in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid. Glucose was emulsified in a molar excess of fatty alcohol for 20 minutes with a ultra-sonicator at room temperature and converted in a stirred reactor to more than 95% polyglucoside within $2.5{\sim}3.5$ hr under $20{\sim}30$ mmHg at $110^{\circ}C$ with a three-fold molar ratio of fatty alcohol to glucose in the presence of 1mol% p-toluenesulfonic acid. It was possible to obtain a polyglucoside mixture of HLB 13 consisting of 65% monoglucoside and 35% oligoglucoside with less than 1% of fatty alcohol.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.537-540
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• 2003

The effects of substituting cement with fly ash(10%, 15%, 20%) and different fiber addition(polypropylene, cellulose, poly vinyl alcohol), on the control of microcrack and enhanced durability performance of face slab concrete in CFRD was studied experimentally It was conducted experiments of plastic shrinkage of mortar and concrete, and drying shrinkage of concrete. Also, durability test were carried out the chloride permeability, abrasion resistance and freeze-thaw repetition. Through the experimental results, it was concluded that ploy vinyl alcohol fiber containing concrete was the most effective mixture in control of cracking and durability.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.213-218
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• 2004

We have performed dispersion polymerization of acrylamide in tert-butyl alcohol/water mixture-using hydroxypropyl cellulose and ammonium persulfate as the stabilizer and the initiator, respectively - to study the effects that the concentration of monomer, initiator, and stabilizer, the tert-butyl alcohol/water ratios as polymerization media, and the reaction temperature have on, among other things, the polymerization kinetics, particle sizes, and molecular weights. The polymerization rate increased upon increasing the concentration of the monomer, initiator, and stabilizer, the water content in the tert-butyl alcohol/water media, and the polymerization temperature. The average particle size of the lattices increased upon increasing the concentration of initiator, the polymerization temperature, and the water content in the tert-butyl alcohol/water media, but it decreased upon increasing the concentration of monomer and stabilizer. The viscosity-average molecular weight increased upon increasing the concentration of monomer and stabilizer and the water content in the tert-butyl alcohol/water media, but it decreased upon increasing both the concentration of initiator and the polymerization temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.254-260
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• 2012

This study was conduced to ferment high quality wine by using Omija fruit. Dry Omija farmed and dried in the Moonkyung area was used in this study. The Omija was soaked in 10~40 folds of distilled water to extract water-soluble components and the fluid was filtered after soaking for 6 hours at $50^{\circ}C$. Strains of alcoholic yeast were isolated respectively from spoiled Omija extract. Isolated alcoholic yeasts, OM-1 and OM-2, showed a round to ellipsoidal shape and formed white or milky white colonies on a solid YM medium. Two yeasts produced 10.33~11.23% alcohol from Omija extract adjusted to $10^{\circ}Brix$ with sugar. Their abilities to ferment alcohol were higher than those of other yeast strains belonging to Saccharomyces cerevisiae such as KCTC 7296 (standard strain of Korean Biological Resources Center), Makgeolli yeast, or beer yeast. The isolates OM-1 and OM-2 showed similar abilities in alcohol fermentation. However, the wine fermented by OM-2 got a better sensory score especially with color. Growth of OM-2 was significantly accelerated by addition of a 0.1% urea and 0.02% mineral mixture. A vitamin mixture was effective for the growth only when urea was added as well.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.420-427
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• 2006

Immunological activities of the combined-administration of Ginseng Radix Rubra and Vitis Fructus were examined in C57BL/6 mice. Ginseng Radix Rubra and Vitis Fructus were extracted with distilled water or 40% ethyl alcohol. Ginseng Radix Rubra water extracts (GW), the mixture (1:1) of Ginseng Radix Rubra and Vitis Fructus water extracts [GVW(1:1)], the mixture (1:3) of Ginseng Radix Rubra and Vitis Fructus water extracts [GVW(1:3)], 40% ethyl alcohol extracts of Ginseng Radix Rubra (GE), the mixture (1:1) of Ginseng Radix Rubra and Vitis Fructus 40% ethyl alcohol extracts [GVE(1:1)] and the mixture (1:3) of Ginseng Radix Rubra and Vitis Fructus 40% ethyl alcohol extracts [GVE(1:3)] were administered p.o. once a day for 7 days, respectively. GVW(1:1) and GVW(1:3) decreased the viability of thymocytes increased by GW, but GVE(1:1) and GVE(1:3) increased the viability of thymocytes decreased by GE. GVW(1:1) and GVW(1:3) increased the viability of splenocytes decreased by GW or GE. Also, GVW(1:1) and GVE(1:1) enhanced the population of helper T cell in thymocytes, and GVE(1:1) and GVE(1:3) decreased the population of cytotoxic T cells increased by GE. Furthermore, GVW(1:1), GVW(1:3), GVE(1:1) and GVE(1:3) enhanced the population of $B220^+$ cells decreased by GW or GE, and decreased the population of $Thyl^+$ cells increased by GW or GE, and decreased the population of splenic $CD4^+$ cells increased by GW or GE. In addition, GVW(1:1) and GVW(1:3) decreased the phagocytic activity and the production of nitric oxide in peritoneal macrophages increased by GW, but GVE(1:1) and GVE(1:3) enhanced the phagocytic activity and the production of nitric oxide in peritoneal macrophages decreased by GE. These results suggest that Vitis Fructus has an regulative action on immune response of Ginseng Radix Rubra.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.47-50
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• 1969

The ether extract of Dang-Gui, the dried root of Angelica gigas N$_{AKAI}$, was placed into a column with aluminium oxide gel. The elution of it with a mixture of n-hexane and ethyl acetate afforded Nodakenetin (I) and the elution with a mixture of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone and methyl alcohol yielded Umbelliferon (II) and Nodakenin (III). Three coumarin derivatives were identified by comparing with authentic samples. The existence of sucrose and glucose was also proved.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.98-103
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• 2015

Pueraiae Radix (PR), Pueratia Folium (PF) and Sorbus commixta (SC) mixture, namely GS-SP (PR (1)/PF (2)/SC (0.5): v/v/v) was developed as hangover-relieving elixir and its effects on alcoholic metabolism have been investigated. The enzymatic activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) of GS-SP was shown higher than those of single treatment with PR, PL, SC, and the positive control group (YM-808). The survival rate of mouse liver cell line NCTC clone 1469 in the presence of acetaldehyde was 30.6, 22.2, and 8.7% at the GS-SP dosage level of 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL respectively. Different concentrations of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of GS-SP showed efficient activity for ADH and ALDH than YM-808 in rat fed with 25% ethanol. The levels of blood alcohol and acetaldehyde after oral administration of 200 mg/kg of GS-SP showed efficient activity of 11.7% and 37% than those of YM-808. These results have been supported to the potential for GS-SP to serve as an excellent potential in providing hangover relief and liver protection.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.444-449
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• 1991

Synthesis of maltosyl-$\beta$-cyclodextrin using maltose ($G_2$) and $\beta$-cyclodextrin ($\beta$-CD) as substrates through the reverse reaction of pullulanase was investigated. The optimal conditions for the condensation reaction were as below: mixing ratio of maltose to $\beta$-CD of 12.7, mixed substrate concentration of 70% (w/w, 70 g/100 ml $H_2O$), and amount of pullulanse of 350 units/100 ml. The concentration of synthesized maltosyl-P-CD concentration was reached up to 2.31 g/100 rnl at above reaction conditions, which corresponded the conversion yield of 43% (w/w, g of branched-CD/g of CD). The synthesis of maltosyl-$\alpha >\gamma >\beta$-CD was also attempted, and conversion yield was in the order of a>y>J3-CDs. Condensation reaction between various maltooligosaccharides ($G-1\sim G_6$ showed that maltose was the most effective oligorner for condensation reaction with $\beta$-CD. To increase the conversion yield various alcohols were added into the reaction mixture, amyl alcohol was found to be the most acceptable alcohol for increasement of convesion yield which increased from 43.0 to 83.0% upon addition of same volume of amyl alcohol into the reaction mixture.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.209-217
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• 1986

Yeast alcohol dehydrogenates and ginseng saponin interaction has been investigated to understand the non-specific enzyme stimulating effect of the saponin of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. It was confirmed that several amphiphiles such as sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS), Triton X-100, sodium taurodeoxycholate (Na-TDC) as well as ginseng saponin mixture and purified ginseng glycosides lowered Km values of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) for ethanol and NAD in the presence of the above amphiphiles suggesting that the surface activity of the amphiphiles might play a significant role in the ADH catalyzed reactions. Conformational change of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase in the presence of the above amphiphiles at their optimal concentration for the maximum activity was studied. Circular dichroism (C.D) spectrum of yeast ADH showed that the conformational change of the enzyme occurred in the presence of above amphiphiles. Fluorescence data also showed that the hydrophobic area increased in the presence of above amphiphiles. Examination of the interaction between ADH and ginseng saponin using radioactive saponin showed that there might be a very weak interaction between them. From the above results, it was concluded that the non-specific enzyme stimulating effect of the saponin might be due to the change of polarity of the enzyme solution in the presence of the saponin.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 1976

In an attempt to examine the effect of ginseng on sodium transport across the biological membrane, we have studied effects of ginseng alcohol extract on the short-circuit current(SCC) and the $Na^+-K^+$-activated ATPase activity in isolated frog skin preparations. 1. Ginseng alcohol extract applied to the mucosal surface of the frog skin significantly increased SCC at low concentration($1{\sim}10mg%$) but decreased SCC at higher concentration($50{\sim}250mg%$). 2. Similarly, when the drug was added to the serosal bathing medium, the SCC was stimulated at low doses($5{\sim}25mg%$) and inhibibited at high doses($50{\sim}250mg%$). 3. $Na^+-K^+$-activated ATPase activity of the frog skin epidermal homogenate was significantly inhibited by ginseng alcohol extract, the effect being proportional to the concentration of the drug in the incubation mixture. These results may suggest that a low dose of ginseng alcohol extrat enhances the transepithelial sodium transport probably by increasing the permeability of outer membrane of the transporting cell to sodium ion, whereas a high dose of drug reduces the sodium transport primarly by inhibiting $Na^+-K^+$ ATPase mediated active transport step.