• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2007년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.208-208
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• 2007

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.1058-1063
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• 2008

The use of clothes dryers is increasing in Korea and throughout Asia, because of preference for the drum type washer dryer. Clothes dryers consume more energy than almost any other home appliance. This paper suggests efficient ways for drying laundry with condensing clothes drier. We dried cotton fabrics with the condensing clothes dryers and observed the energy input, temperature and RH of the dryer during the drying process. In the early stages of drying process, the air temperature inside the clothes dryer decreased and the RH and the drying time increased as the weight of fabrics increased. We found that it was important to consider the total weight of the fabrics that included heat-sensitive fibers. It took more than half the drying time and the energy input for a 2.5 kg load that it did for a 5 kg load. Therefore, drying larger one load was more efficient than divided smaller loads, because increasing the weight of the fabrics reduced the energy input per kg of drying clothes. The lower the initial moisture regains of the fabrics were, the lower the energy input and the drying time were. The energy input for spinning after washing was much less than that for drying in the dryer. Consequently, it is more efficient to reduce the moisture content of the clothes by lengthening the spinning time of the washer to reduce the energy consumption and the drying time. During the drying process opening the door twice for 30 seconds each time lowered the air temperature and the RH of the dryer, but did not affect the moisture regain of the fabrics, the drying time, and the energy input.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2013

For a large-scale semiconductor manufacturing clean room, the energy consumed in an outdoor air conditioning system to heat, humidify, cool and dehumidify incoming outdoor air is very large. In particular, the energy requirement to humidify outdoor air in the winter season is generally known to be high. Recently, in order to overcome the high energy consumption nature of a steam generator in a conventional steam humidification type outdoor air conditioning system, an air washer is often introduced instead of the steam generator in the outdoor air conditioning system, which can be called a water spray humidification type outdoor air conditioning system. Therefore, the assessment and comparison of the annual energy consumed in the steam humidification type and the water spray humidification type outdoor air conditioning systems deserves to be examined in order to reduce the outdoor air conditioning load of a clean room. In the present study, a numerical analysis was conducted to obtain the annual electric power consumption of the two outdoor air conditioning systems. It was shown from the comparison of the numerical results that the water spray humidification type outdoor air conditioning system can reduce about 30% of annual electric power consumption of the steam humidification type outdoor air conditioning system.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.1249-1255
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• 2011

최근의 반도체 제조용 대규모 클린룸에서는 도입 외기를 가열가습 및 냉각감습하는 외기공조시스템의 에너지소비량이 클린룸 환경을 유지하기 위해 필요한 전체 공조에너지의 약 45 %를 차지하고 있다. 특히 동기(겨울철)의 경우 외기를 가습하기 위한 에너지소비량은 매우 높다. 따라서 에너지절감을 통한 제조비용 절감 및 온실가스 감축을 위해 외기부하와 관계되는 공조에너지의 사용효율 증대 및 철저한 사용합리화가 요구되고 있다. 따라서 반도체 클린룸용 외기공조시스템의 핵심 가습방식인 증기가습과 수분무가습 방식에 대한 소비전력량을 분석하는 것은 에너지절약적 측면에서 상당히 가치가 있다고 판단된다. 본 연구에서는 전극봉식 가습기에 의한 증기가습방식 및 에어와셔에 의한 수분무가습방식 외기공조시스템들의 공조프로세스 및 소비전력량을 외기량 1000 $m^3$/h의 경우 기흥지역의 동기 및 하기의 피크부하에 대해 비교하는 실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과들로부터 에어와셔 수분무가습 외기공조시스템이 전극봉식 증기가습 외기공조시스템보다 연간 소비전력량이 적어서 에너지절약적임을 보여주었다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제45회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.271.1-271.1
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• 2013

Titania is usually used in sun-screens, tooth paste, and other daily used objects as a pigment. However, scientists have focused on titania as photocatalyst due to its excellent activities. By fabricating vanadium doped TiO2 and CuOx co-catalyzed TiO2 nano-size filter, the degradation level of the volatile organic compound (VOC) concentration was tested using 365nm UV LED as light source in a closed chamber. Main purpose for this test is to evaluate the activities of various catalysts for degrading the VOCs which are detrimental to human body and toluene and p-xylene were chosen in the VOC removal test. Target gas materials were injected into the test chamber with dry air as carrier gas which was flowed into the gas washer bottle filled with liquid form of VOC substance. When the VOC gas flows into the chamber, it is circulated by 200 mm fan in order to contact with the set-up filter on the aluminum holder. Target gas concentration in the chamber was monitored using VOC detector (miniRae3000, Raesystems) which was also placed inside the chamber. With the measured concentration, the VOC degradation efficiency and the degradation rate were evaluated and used to compare the catalytic activities.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1059-1075
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 한랭지역에서 운용중인 지하 콘크리트 구조물에서 발생한 누수를 처리하기 위하여 기존 유도배수시스템의 동결융해 저항성을 평가하는 것이다. 유도배수시스템의 동결융해 저항성을 평가하기 위하여 4가지 종류의 유도배수시스템 시험체를 제작하여 실내 동결융해 실험을 수행하였다. 유도배수판의 모서리 부분과 유도배수판 연결부분에 적용할 방수재료인 Hotty-gel의 4가지 연결 방법에 대한 동결융해 저항성을 평가하였다. 또한 Hotty-gel이 부착된 유도배수판을 콘크리트 시편 표면에 고정시키 위한 2가지 방법에 대하여서도 동결융해 저항성을 평가하였다. 실내 동결융해 실험에서 1 cycle은 48시간(동결 24시간과 융해 24시간)을 적용하였고 동결과 융해 온도는 각각 $-18^{\circ}C$와 $10^{\circ}C$를 적용하였다. 4가지 종류의 Hotty-gel 연결 방법 중 유도배수판 모서리 부분에 적용된 'V'자형 홈을 가진 Hotty-gel 연결 방법에서만 동결융해 28 cycles (8 weeks)후 누수가 발생하였다. 나머지 3가지 종류의 Hotty-gel 연결 방법들에서는 누수가 발생하지 않았다. 2가지 고정방법 중 와셔, 나사못 및 칼브럭을 이용하여 유도배수판을 콘크리트 시편에 고정시키는 방법에서 누수가 발생하였다. 동결융해 10 cycles (3 weeks) 후 1개 지점에서 누수가 발생하였고 동결융해 28 cycles (8 weeks) 후에는 총 5개 지점에서 누수가 발생하였다. 시간이 경과함에 따라 누수 지점은 증가되지 않았지만 각각의 누수지점에서 누수량이 증가되었다. 공압타카, 타카핀 및 와셔를 사용한 고정방법에서는 누수가 발생하지 않았다. Hotty-gel연결 형상의 제작 시간 및 제작 방법을 고려한 제작 효율성에서 Hotty-gel 가로면 대각선 형상이 가장 높게 평가되었다. 고정방법에서 시공 시간 및 시공 방법을 고려한 시공 효율은 공압타카, 타카핀 및 와셔를 사용한 방법이 우수하였다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.1798-1811
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• 2010

This research evaluates the changes in the comfort-related properties of high-density fabric, such as moisture permeability and waterproofness, in order to assess the relative importance of laundry conditions for clothing properties after repeated laundering and suggest the best laundering conditions for high-density fabric through the identification of the most influential factor. A commercial high-density fabric was washed 25 times in a drum-type washer using nine different laundry conditions based on profiles derived from a fractional factorial design. To evaluate the changes in the comfort-related properties of the fabric, pore size, air permeability, water vapor transport, water repellency, and water resistance were measured. The comfort-related properties of the fabric deteriorated after repeated laundering by the damaged surface finish; in addition, the damaged surface also changed the pore size. As a result, the water repellency and water resistance decreased. The detergent was the most responsible factor to change the properties among the four factors of detergent, hardness, temperature, and RPM. The best laundering conditions for the fabric was a neutral detergent, soft water of 70ppm, a temperature of $15^{\circ}C$, and 30rpm.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.186-192
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• 2005

본 연구의 목적은 건설현장을 대상으로 환경오염방지시설의 설치 및 환경보전비의 운용 실태를 파악하고, 제도 개선 방안을 제시하는 것이다. 192개 건설현장을 대상으로 조사한 결과, 총 공사비 대비 환경보전비의 계상 비율은 0.59%, 그리고 실제 소요 비용은 총 공사비의 0.94% 수준으로 나타났다. 공사 규모나 현장 입지 조건 등에 따라 유의할 만한 차이점은 없었다. 환경보전비 계상 방식을 보면, 표준품셈 등에 의한 원가 계산 방식 33.6%, 총 공사비 대비 일정 요율 적용 33.7%, 미계상 14%로 나타났다. 건설현장에 설치된 환경오염방지시설을 보면, 소음 진동방지시설보다는 세륜기 방진망 등과 같은 대기 오염방지시설에 대한 투자가 더욱 높았다. 총 공사비와 환경보전비의 상관성은 r2값이 0.23 수준으로 매우 낮게 나타났다. 따라서 환경보전비 계상 방식으로는 일정 요율에 의한 방식보다는 원가 계산 방식이 확대될 필요성이 있다. 이를 위하여는 공사 종별로 설계 적산 단계에서 필수적으로 검토해야 할 환경오염방지설비에 대하여 법적인 기준을 마련하고, 시설별로 적산 기준의 제정 보급이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• 청정기술
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2021

4 HP, 80 LPM 급 초미세기포수 발생장치를 탑재한 도로 구조물 세척차량을 이용하여 도시 내 아파트 단지 주변 차량 통행이 많은 터널 내 콘크리트 표면과 타일 벽면을 세척하였다. 초미세기포 생성은 대기 중 공기를 2 ~ 3 LPM 으로 기액혼합 자흡펌프로 가압된 공기를 임펠러 회전력을 이용하여 마이크로 크기의 미세기포(fine-bubble)를 생성한다. 생성된 기포를 다단충돌판과 회전 노즐을 통과하면서 평균 직경 크기는 164.5 nm, 6.81 × 107 particles mL-1의 초미세기포(ultrafine bubble)를 생산하였다. 생산된 초미세기포를 함유한 세척수는 압력 150 bar, 토출량 30 LPM 으로 도로 구조물 표면에 흡착된 분진을 고압세척 분사하여 제거하였다. 분석실험은 세척 전과 후로 구분하여 표면에 흡착한 분진을 ISO 8502-3의 표면 오염 측정방법을 적용하였으며, 테이프 흡착으로 분진 입자를 채취하였다. 수집된 테이프는 중량법과 소프트웨어 ImageJ를 적용하여 분진의 무게와 입자 개수에 대한 제거율을 산정하였다. 실험 결과, 타일 벽면 표면에 흡착된 분진 입자 개수는 세척 전과 후로 각각 3,063 ± 218 particles mL-1, 20 ± 5 particles mL-1, 중량은 580 ± 82 mg, 13 ± 4 mg 으로 나타났다. 콘크리트 구조물 표면에서의 입자개수는 세척 전과 후로 각각 8,105 ± 1,738 particles mL-1, 39 ± 6 particles mL-1이었으며, 중량은 1,448 ± 190 mg, 118 ± 32 mg으로 나타났다.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2009

As the lifestyle of consumers changes and the need for various products increases, new products are being developed in the market. Each household owns various home appliances which are purchased through the choice of a decision maker. These appliances include not only large-sized products such as TV, refrigerator, and washing machine, but also small-sized products such as microwave oven and air cleaner. There exists latent correlation among possession of home appliances, even though they are purchased independently. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of demographic factors on the purchase and possession of each home appliances, and to derive some relationships among various appliances. To achieve this purpose, the present status on the possession of each home appliances are investigated through consumer survey data on the electric and energy product. And a multivariate probit(MVP) model is applied for the empirical analysis. From the estimation results, some appliances show a substitutive or complementary pattern as expected, while others which look apparently unrelated have correlation by co-incidence. This research has several advantages compared to previous literatures on home appliances. First, this research focuses on the various products which are purchased by each household, while previous researches such as Matsukawa and Ito(1998) and Yoon(2007) focus just on a particular product. Second, the methodology of this research can consider a choice process of each product and correlation among products simultaneously. Lastly, this research can analyze not only a substitutive or complementary relationship in the same category, but also the correlation among products in the different categories. As the data on the possession of home appliances in each household has a characteristic of multiple choice, not a single choice, a MVP model are used for the empirical analysis. A MVP model is derived from a random utility model, and has an advantage compared to a multinomial logit model in that correlation among error terms can be derive(Manchanda et al., 1999; Edwards and Allenby, 2003). It is assumed that the error term has a normal distribution with zero mean and variance-covariance matrix ${\Omega}$. Hence, the sign and value of correlation coefficients means the relationship between two alternatives(Manchanda et al., 1999). This research uses the data of 'TEMEP Household ICT/Energy Survey (THIES) 2008' which is conducted by Technology Management, Economics and Policy Program in Seoul National University. The empirical analysis of this research is accomplished in two steps. First, a MVP model with demographic variables is estimated to analyze the effect of the characteristics of household on the purchase of each home appliances. In this research, some variables such as education level, region, size of family, average income, type of house are considered. Second, a MVP model excluding demographic variables is estimated to analyze the correlation among each home appliances. According to the estimation results of variance-covariance matrix, each households tend to own some appliances such as washing machine-refrigerator-cleaner-microwave oven, and air conditioner-dish washer-washing machine and so on. On the other hand, several products such as analog braun tube TV-digital braun tube TV and desktop PC-portable PC show a substitutive pattern. Lastly, the correlation map of home appliances are derived using multi-dimensional scaling(MDS) method based on the result of variance-covariance matrix. This research can provide significant implications for the firm's marketing strategies such as bundling, pricing, display and so on. In addition, this research can provide significant information for the development of convergence products and related technologies. A convergence product can decrease its market uncertainty, if two products which consumers tend to purchase together are integrated into it. The results of this research are more meaningful because it is based on the possession status of each household through the survey data.