• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.1487-1503
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• 2019

The methods and performance of a pin-level nuclear reactor core thermal-hydraulics (T/H) code ESCOT employing the drift-flux model are presented. This code aims at providing an accurate yet fast core thermal-hydraulics solution capability to high-fidelity multiphysics core analysis systems targeting massively parallel computing platforms. The four equation drift-flux model is adopted for two-phase calculations, and numerical solutions are obtained by applying the Finite Volume Method (FVM) and the Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure-Linked Equation (SIMPLE)-like algorithm in a staggered grid system. Constitutive models involving turbulent mixing, pressure drop, and vapor generation are employed to simulate key phenomena in subchannel-scale analyses. ESCOT is parallelized by a domain decomposition scheme that involves both radial and axial decomposition to enable highly parallelized execution. The ESCOT solutions are validated through the applications to various experiments which include CNEN $4{\times}4$, Weiss et al. two assemblies, PNNL $2{\times}6$, RPI $2{\times}2$ air-water, and PSBT covering single/two-phase and unheated/heated conditions. The parameters of interest for validation include various flow characteristics such as turbulent mixing, spacer grid pressure drop, cross-flow, reverse flow, buoyancy effect, void drift, and bubble generation. For all the validation tests, ESCOT shows good agreements with measured data in the extent comparable to those of other subchannel-scale codes: COBRA-TF, MATRA and/or CUPID. The execution performance is examined with a mini-sized whole core consisting of 89 fuel assemblies and for an OPR1000 core. It turns out that it is about 1.5 times faster than a subchannel code based on the two-fluid three field model and the axial domain decomposition scheme works as well as the radial one yielding a steady-state solution for the OPR1000 core within 30 s with 104 processors.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2009

In the silicon wafer polishing process, the mounting stage of silicon wafer on the ceramic carrier block has been using the polishing template which utilizes the porous surface instead of traditional wax mounting method. Here in this article, the experimental study is carried out in order to study the wafer demounting by water jet and the effects of operating conditions such as the water jet flowrate and the number of water jet nozzles on the wafer demounting time. It is found that the measured wafer demounting time is inversely proportional to the water flowrate per nozzle, regardless of number of nozzles used; implying that the stagnation pressure by the water jet impingement is the dominant key factor. Additionally, by using the transparent disk instead of wafer, the air bubble formation and growth is observed under the disk, making the passage of water flow, and subsequently demounting the wafer from the porous pad.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.534-539
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• 2006

The supply of oxygen for aeration is the largest energy consumer at activated sludge wastewater treatment plants. Replacement of less efficient aeration systems with fine pore aeration devices can save up to 50 percent of aeration energy costs. The purpose of this study was the diagnosis and evaluation of a domestic wastewater aeration system by the off-gas method which had been studied by US EPA and ASCE. For this study, an off-gas analyzer and its hood were made to collect off-gas. Also, a vacuum pump was connected to the analyzer to make suction of off-gas. Experiments were conducted at a domestic activated sludge wastewater treatment plant which had a single spiral roll aeration system installed with P.E tube diffuser. Data on OTE(f), SOTE(pw), OUR, and air flow rate were obtained from these experiments. In case of replacing an aeration system, it is recommended that it should be replaced with perforated membrane disc or ceramic disc fine bubble diffusers installed in a full floor coverage or grid pattern.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.605-610
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• 2011

내경이 0.105 m이고 높이가 2.5 m인 삼상(기체-액체-고체) 유동층에서 상대적으로 큰 기포와 작은 기포의 체류량 특성을 고찰하였다. 기체유속(0.01~0.07 m/s), 액체유속(0.01~0.07 m/s) 그리고 입자크기($0.5{\sim}3.0{\times}10^{-3}m$)가 상대적으로 큰 기포와 작은 기포의 체류량에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 삼상 유동층에서 이들 두 종류 기포들의 체류량은 동력학적 기체 유출 방법(Dynamic gas disengagement method)에 의해 측정된 각각 기포들에 의한 압력강하 정보로부터 정압강하법(static pressure drop method)에 의해 산출되었다. 기체조절기에 의해 조절되는 건조되고 여과된 공기와 물 그리고 밀도가 2,500 $kg/m^3$인 유리구슬을 각각 기체, 액체 및 고체유동입자로 사용하였다. 삼상유동층에서 이들 두 종류의 기포, 즉 상대적으로 큰 기포와 작은 기포들은 유동층 탑에 유입되는 기체와 액체의 흐름을 정지시킨 후 경과시간에 따른 탑 내부의 압력강하를 측정함으로써 효과적으로 조사하고 분리할 수 있었다. 이들 두 종류의 기포들은 경과시간에 따라 증가하는 압력강하의 기울기가 서로 매우 다르게 나타났다. 실험결과 상대적으로 큰 기포들의 체류량은 기체의 유속이 증가함에 따라 증가하였으나 액체의 유속이 증가함에 따라서는 감소하였다. 그러나, 이들 큰 기포의 체류량은 유동입자의 크기가 변화함에 따라 국부적인 최소값을 나타내었다. 상대적으로 작은 기포들의 체류량은 기체유속 또는 고체입자의 크기가 증가함에 따라 증가하였으나 액체의 유속이 증가함에 따라서는 약간 감소하였다. 이들 두 종류 기포들의 체류량들은 각각 본 연구의 실험 범위 내에서 조작변수들의 상관식으로 나타낼 수 있었다.