• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.582-589
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate problems of design, fitness, suitability for movement, and comfort in current Korean military tank driver's clothing through analysis of actual wearing condition by questionnaire and field evaluation and. to provide basic data for developing a improved design of Korean military tank driver's clothing. The survey was done for 477 military tank driver and the field evaluation was also done for evaluation. The overall satisfaction for design of military tank driver's clothing(3.25) was higher than that for the easiness in wearing and taking off(2.76). The military tank drivers evaluated that current coverall type of clothing is more suitable than two-piece type of clothing. The overall satisfaction for fitness of clothing was as a whole low(2.82~3.09), Especially, the satisfaction for fitness of from front and back rise length was the lowest one. In the satisfaction for clothing materials, the satisfaction for the breathability of material was the lowest, followed by clothing insulation and air permeability. The satisfaction for movement was low in bending waist and raising forward and aside. The part which surveyors think most dissatisfactory was also front and back rise length. The frequency in use of pocket was the highest in chest pocket, followed by waist and pants pockets. The satisfaction for opening easiness of hips opening part was very low(2.64).

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.286-292
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyze the pattern of the present flight suit, to select variables of human body and key dimensions for making pattern of the flight suit, and to decide the most appropriate size of human body and rate of ease for designing an overall flight suit. For analyzing the pattern of flight suit, we used "M95Special" (men ; chest circumference 92-97 cm ; height : above 177 cm), which was indicated as the standard of the Ministry of National Defense. We analyzed general appearance and the actual dimensions of the pattern of the flight suit. As a result of analyzing the pattern, flight suit was front-opened overall style which had a flat collar with rounded edges, two-pieced sleeves with lower height of the sleeve's cap, 3cm-width belt on the waist and 8 pockets. To decide the most appropriate size of human body, we selected 20 variables of human body in the 359 variables of the Size Korea by referring the previous studies. The 20 variables of human body were 9 circumferences (chest, waist, hip, neck, armscye, wrist, thigh, knee, and ankle), 9 lengths (stature, back interscye fold, waist back, crotch height, crotch, body rise, arm, outside leg and total), and 2 breadths (biacromial and chest). We drew out the size of 20 variables from the Size Korea and US Army anthropometry data and decided the most appropriate values from the drawn data for applying to the pattern of flight suit.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.1294-1301
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• 2001

In order to reduce the time and cost for assembly, automobile speaker grills have been injection molded with door trims or map pockets in one piece recently. However, several defects such as short shots or air traps can easily occur due to the decreased fluidity of the melting polymer according to the excessive heat transfer to the mold. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the resin feed system and predict possible defects by CAE analysis. However it is not possible to obtain exact analysis results for the speaker grill by using general shell elements since the heat transfer in the thickness direction which is the dominant factor of the filling stage can not be considered. Therefore, there have been several efforts to simulate the injection molding nature of the speaker grill by using shell elements with an effective thickness which is smaller than the actual thickness of the part. Two empirical values have been recommended for the effective thickness in real practice. One is 50∼70% of the thickness of the speaker grill and another is the gap distance between the adjacent holes. In this paper, CAE analyses of a map pocket with a speaker grill were conducted using shell elements with both of these recommended effective thicknesses, and the predicted flow fronts were compared with the findings from injection molding experiments. The commercial code MOLDFLOW was used for injection molding analysis and an 850 ton injection molding machine was used for experiments.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2009

Over about 30% of problems in construction is related to water-leaking, and the loss from this problem can incur as much as three times the cost of initial construction. Thus, water vapor pressure is known to be the primary cause of defective waterproofing. Accordingly, the theories on the relationship between water pressure and temperature as well as damp-proofing volume of concrete and the change in vapor pressure volume were reviewed and analyzed in this study by making test samples after spraying a dampness remover and applying waterproofing materials to the prepared test specimens. The result of measuring water vapor pressure with the surface temperature of the waterproofing (fluid-applied membrane) layer at the experimental temperature setting of about $10^{\circ}C$, which is the annual average temperature of Seoul, indicated that (1) the temperature of the fluid-applied membrane elevated to about $40^{\circ}C$, and the water vapor pressure generated from the fluid-applied membrane was about 0.03 N/mm 2 when the surface temperature of the waterproofing layer was raised to about $80^{\circ}C$. (2) when the temperature of the fluid-applied membrane of the waterproofing layer was raised from $30^{\circ}C$ to $35^{\circ}C$, water vapor pressure of about 0.01 N/mm 2 was generated, and (3) when a thermal source was applied to the fluid-applied membrane (waterproofing) layer, the temperature increased from $35^{\circ}C$ to $40^{\circ}C$, and approximately $0.005\;N/mm^2$ of water vapor pressure was generated.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.417-428
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 항공기 조종사 지능형 헬멧시현시스템(IHDS, Intelligent Helmet Display System)의 아키텍쳐 설계, 단위 구성품 설계, 핵심 소프트웨어 설계내용(헬멧 자세추적, 고도오차 보정 소프트웨어)을 기술하며, 단위시험 및 통합시험에 대한 결과를 기술한다. 세계적인 최신 헬멧시현시스템 개발 추세를 반영하여 3차원 전자지도 시현, FLIR(Forward Looking Infra-Red) 영상시현, 하이브리드형 헬멧자세추적, 바이저 반사형광학계, 야시카메라 영상시현 및 경량 복합소재 헬멧쉘 등의 사양을 설계에 적용하였다. 특히 3차원 전자지도 데이터의 고도오차 자동보정 기법, 고정밀 영상정합 기법, 다색(Multi-color) 조명광학계, 회절소자를 이용한 투과형 영상발광면, 헬멧자세 추정시간을 최소화하는 추적용 카메라, 장/탈착형 야시카메라, 머리 밀착용 에어포켓 등의 신개념의 설계를 제안하였다. 모든 시스템 구성품의 시제작을 완료한 후 단위시험과 시스템 통합시험을 수행하여 기능과 성능을 검증하였다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.116-126
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• 2022

Purpose: This study evaluated the efficacy of treating periodontitis using subgingival nano-hydroxyapatite powder with an air abrasion device (NHAPA) combined with scaling and root planing (SRP). Methods: A total of 28 patients with stage III periodontitis (grade B) were included in this study, although 1 was lost during follow-up and 3 used antibiotics. The patients were divided into a test group and a control group. All patients first received whole-mouth SRP using hand instruments, and a split-mouth approach was used for the second treatment. In the test group, the teeth were treated with NHAPA for 15 seconds at 70% power per pocket. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained from the 2 deepest pockets at the test and control sites before treatment (baseline) and 3 months after treatment. The full-mouth plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), papillary bleeding index (PBI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded at baseline and at 1- and 3-month post-treatment. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the colonisation of Treponema denticola (Td), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in the subgingival plaque. Results: From baseline to the first month, the test group showed significantly larger changes in BOP and CAL (43.705%±27.495% and 1.160±0.747 mm, respectively) than the control group (36.311%±27.599% and 0.947±0.635 mm, respectively). Periodontal parameters had improved in both groups at 3 months. The reductions of PI, GI, BOP, PD, and CAL in the test group at 3 months were greater and statistically significant. The total bacterial count and Td and Pg species had decreased significantly by the third month in both groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Applying NHAPA in addition to SRP improves clinical periodontal parameters more than SRP alone. Subgingival NHAPA may encourage clot adhesion to tooth surfaces by increasing surface wettability.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.328-340
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• 2019

Purpose: To generate phase images with free of motion-induced artifact and susceptibility-induced distortion using 3D radial ultrashort TE (UTE) MRI. Materials and Methods: The field map was theoretically derived by solving Laplace's equation with appropriate boundary conditions, and used to simulate the image distortion in conventional spin-warp MRI. Manufacturer's 3D radial imaging sequence was modified to acquire maximum number of radial spokes in a given time, by removing the spoiler gradient and sampling during both rampup and rampdown gradient. Spoke direction randomly jumps so that a readout gradient acts as a spoiling gradient for the previous spoke. The custom raw data was reconstructed using a homemade image reconstruction software, which is programmed using Python language. The method was applied to a phantom and in-vivo human brain and abdomen. The performance of UTE was compared with 3D GRE for phase mapping. Local phase mapping was compared with T₂* mapping using UTE. Results: The phase map using UTE mimics true field-map, which was theoretically calculated, while that using 3D GRE revealed both motion-induced artifact and geometric distortion. Motion-free imaging is particularly crucial for application of phase mapping for abdomen MRI, which typically requires multiple breathold acquisitions. The air pockets, which are caught within the digestive pathway, induce spatially varying and large background field. T₂* map, that was calculated using UTE data, suffers from non-uniform T₂* value due to this background field, while does not appear in the local phase map of UTE data. Conclusion: Phase map generated using UTE mimicked the true field map even when non-zero susceptibility objects were present. Phase map generated by 3D GRE did not accurately mimic the true field map when non-zero susceptibility objects were present due to the significant field distortion as theoretically calculated. Nonetheless, UTE allows for phase maps to be free of susceptibility-induced distortion without the use of any post-processing protocols.

• 한국자연치유학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.39-50
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• 2022

개요: 새로 개발한 혹달린신발의 기능성에 대한 조사는 필수적이라 조사하였다. 목적: 본 연구는 혹달린신발을 착용하였을 때 체형이나 신체 균형이 어떻게 변화하는지를 탐구하는 것이 목적이었다. 방법: 9명의 대상자에게 혹달린신발을 신고 한 달간 다닌 후에 나타난 결과를 분석하였다. 결과: 혹달린신발은 깔창에는 다양한 작은 공기주머니를 만들어서 발바닥을 자극하여 신체 변화를 유도하였다. 특별히 발 아치 중앙부위에 크게 혹을 내외에 만들어서 발의 아치 부분을 자극하게 되어있었다. 혹달린신발을 신고 30일간 활용한 후에 혈당은 평균 31.1 mg이 저하 되었다. 저하 범위는 5~120 mg이었다. 1명은 혈색소가 7.5%에서 6.5% 가 감소하였다. 신체 균형도는 툭 치는(tap) 검사에서 맨발 상태에서 균형상태가 오른쪽으로 기우는 대상자는 7명, 왼쪽으로 기우는 대상자는 2명이었다. 그러나 혹달린신발을 신은 후의 검사에서는 모두 균형을 유지하였으며, 다리와 몸이 튼튼해진 느낌이라고 하였다. 혹달린신발을 신은 후의 착화감과 균형감은 모두가 안정적이라 하였고, 신은 후에 다리와 몸에 균형감이 높게 나타났다. 왼쪽이 짧은 대상자는 2명, 오른쪽이 짧은 대상자는 4명이었다. 상체 기울기 방지 지지대는 대상자에 따라서 다양했다. 발바닥의 균형이 전체적인 자세에 바로 영향이 있다고 본다. 발바닥 지문 평가에서는 발바닥 어깨선의 흐름이 고르지 못하였으나 호전되었다. 발허리 족궁 부위가 좁았던 것이 약간 넓어졌고, 발의 족저압력이 사후에는 고르게 분포되었고, 골반이 틀어지어 생긴 허리에 통증이 개선되었다고 평가한다. 결론: 혈당이 감소하였다. 그리고 변형되었던 체형이 혹달린신발이 족궁 부위를 받쳐 주면서 균형이 잡히어 원상태로 전환되었고, 이로 인해서 다리와 몸에 활력을 느낄 수가 있었다. 발바닥의 균형이 전체적인 자세에 바로 영향이 미친다는 것을 인지할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 1995

자궁경부암환자에서 자궁강내 근접 방사선조사시 선원 배열에 따른 선량분포와 임상적으로 중요한 표식점인 A 및 B점 선량값에 대한 정확성을 평가하기 위하여 조직등가 팬톰을 제작하고 필름선량계측법을 적용하여 측정한 후, 이를 along-away에 의한 계산과 전산화치료계획장치에 의한 값과 비교 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 자궁강내 근접 방사선조사시 치료상태를 그대로 묘사할 수 있게 아크릴과 물을 이용하여, 인체조직등가 팬톰을 제작한 후 자궁경부암의 자궁강내 근접 방사선조사를 시행하는 것과 똑같이 Fletcher-Suit-Delclos applicator 를 삽입하였다. Tandem 에 $15.7mg\;Ra-eq$의 방사능을 가진 $^{137}Cs$ tube를 2cm 간격으로 3개 주입한 후, A점에 해당되는 단면에 수직방향과 평행방향으로 각각 필름을 팬톰 간극에 삽입하였고, 또한 팬톰표면의 방사선량분포측정을 위하여 팬톰표면을 필름으로 감싸서, 1시간 조사하였다. 필름에 현상된 음영을 필름농도계를 이용하여 농도분포를 측정하여, A점에 대한 방사선량을 환산하였고, 전체적인 선량분포도를 얻었다. 이러한 측정값과 전산화치료계획장치를 이용하여 얻은 A점 값, along-away 표에 의한 A점 선량을 비교하였고, 필름에 의한 선량분포와 컴퓨터에 의한 선량분포를 서로 비교하였다. 결과 : A점에 대한 필름 측정치는 시간당 51.2cGy였고, 전산화치료계획장치에 의한 계산값은 시간당 46.7cGy, along-away 표에 의한 값은 시간당 47.9 cGy여서 약 10% 이내로 비교적 일치하였다. 필름을 계측하여 얻은 선량분포와 전산화치료계획장치의 계산에 의한 선량분포는 비슷한 모습을 보여 주었다. 결른 : 본 연구에서 아크릴과 물을 이용하여, 간단하고 경제적인 방법으로 인체조직등가팬톰을 제작할 수 있었고, 이러한 간단한 팬톰을 이용하여 비교적 효과적으로 자궁강내 근접 방사선조사시 사용하는 밀봉선원인 $^{137}Cs$ tube 의 선량에 대한 품질검사는 물론, 전산화치료계획장치를 이용한 값과 이론적인 식을 바탕으로 수작업으로 계산한 값, 그리고 실험으로부터 구한 실측값을 비교 검토함으로써 치료계획의 신뢰성을 확인할 수 있었다.