• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.11-18
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• 2019

It is widely known that agricultural plastic waste incineration by farmers may cause big forest fire or fine dust in rural areas. Hence, how to increase the rate of collection and recycling of the agricultural plastic waste is of concern to policy makers especially for rural environment. The purpose of this study is to find the determinants of the collection rate of agricultural plastic waste. This study used the data from 'Research on Agricultural Waste' by the Korea Environment Corporation from year 2012 to 2015 for 163 regions. This study found that the compensation rate for collection, the frequency of collecting services, and the quality of waste are important to increase the collection rate. And the regions with more elderly and low income people are more likely to have higher collection rate. Finally, the chief producing regions that are specialized in a certain crop shows higher collection rate.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.369-379
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• 2018

This study examines consumers' perception of agricultural products using nuclear power plants waste heat. This study surveyed 348 consumers and found that presenting information about safety of waste heat utilization increased appropriacy of waste heat; after providing the information, the percentage of respondents in favor of using waste heat increased 27.5% point from 38.3% to 65.8%. The most important reason against using waste heat was because it threatened the safety of agricultural products, and the most important reason for its support was to reduce farm production costs. The purchase intention for agricultural products using waste heat had risen by at least 10% point after providing the information about safety of waste heat. Those means that it important provision of accurate and reliable information on the safety of waste heat to encourage the utilization of waste heat from nuclear power plants. Purchase intention for flowers using waste heat was most, followed by vegetables, fruits (including fruits and vegetables).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.177-181
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• 2015

Food waste has been widely considered as a recycling resource to be applied to agricultural lands due to the effects of organic matter and nutrient for plant productivity. but the maturity and salt concentration in the compost produced from food waste processing facilities should be considered firstly, which was little information on compost quality produced from food waste treatment facility. In this study, we examined actual situation of food waste processing facility on the composting of food waste and evaluated the characteristics of composts produced from food waste processing facilities. The quality of composts was analyzed on the basis of the criteria of fertilizer processing manual. The 46% of food waste treatment facility registered composting produced actually the compost mixed with food waste or animal waste. The compost maturity and salt concentration as indicators of the quality of compost were not met 46.8% of composts collected from food waste processing facilities to the criteria of fertilizer processing manual. Also, 15.6%(moisture) were not satisfied with the criteria. In conclusion, the compost produced from food waste processing facilities is firstly required with better compost maturity and reduced salt concentration in order to use to agricultural lands as an amendment.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.51-75
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• 2003

The objective of this study is to analyze the problems of disposal and collection, including administrative management of agricultural PE waste and suggest effective management measurements. Information regarding problems of agricultural PE waste management were collected from field survey of farmers, regional governments and officials. On the national level, the low ratio of collection for optimal treatment of agricultural PE waste is a critical problem. , the negative discharging behavior of farmers, an illegal incineration and landfill of farmers and a lack of education and extension etc. An ambiguity of the management principle to agricultural PE waste, the differences in management among the regional governments, a lack of will of the regional governments and officials to realize SARD and lack of education and extension etc. are some of the problems in administrative management of agricultural PE waste collection. The major suggestions of this study are as follows : (1) to strengthen education and extension, (2) to adopt an improved economic incentive system and strong, lawful regulation simultaneously, (3) to use temporang collection and permanent collection site, and (4) to organize "OTC(Optimal Treatment Conference)" composed of farmers, regional cooperative, PE producers etc. for operating an effective management system.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.623-633
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• 2017

Food waste has been recognized as a organic sources for composting and many research was conducted to efficiently utilize or treat. This study was to evaluate a feasibility for producing food waste compost under co-composting with mixture of food and animal waste. The mixing ratio of food and animal waste was 35% as main material, which additionally mixed 30% of sawdust for co-composting. Total days of composting experiment were 84 days and each sub samples were collected at every 7 days from starting of composting. Results showed that inner temperature in composting was rapidly increased to $70{\pm}4^{\circ}C$ within 3~5 days depending on mixing animal waste of cattle, pig, and chicken base compared to sole food waste base. Expecially, the CN ratio in the mixture of food and pig water was the highest (16.2) among compost. After finishing composting experiment, maturity was evaluated with solvita and germination test. Maturity index (MI) of the mixture of food and animal waste was ranged between 6~7, but was 3 in sole food waste. Calculated germination index (GI) was at the range of about 100 irrespectively of mixing of food and animal waste. However, NaCl content and heavy metal as Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn contents was increased in the mixture of food and animal waste. which was the highest in compost mixed the food and pig waste. Both MI and GI showed that manufactured fertilizer was suitable for fertilizer criteria while sole food waste was not adequate for composting due to composting periods. Overall, mixing the food and animal waste can be utilized for improving compost maturity, but more research should be conducted to make high quality of food waste compost with animal waste in agricultural fields.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.155-164
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• 2014

Recently interest on production of biogas from biomass resources has increased because of climate change in worldwide. In this study, anaerobic digestion efficiency of 17 different types of agricultural waste was evaluated using biochemical methane production potential estimated from the International biochemical methane potential standard method (Germany VDI4630). As a result, theoretical biochemical methane potential ($B_{th}$) of agricultural waste biomass ranged from 0.266 to $0.488Nm^3kg^{-1}$-Volatile Solid $(VS)_{added}$. Ultimate biochemical methane potential ($B_u$) of agricultural waste biomass ranged between 0.176 and $0.417Nm^3kg^{-1}-VS_{added}$. The agricultural waste biomass anaerobic biodegradability with $B_u/B_{th}$ and VDI4630 determined by VS contents was 36.0~95.9% and 30.8~91.1%, respectively. Ultimate methane potential and anaerobic biodegradability given by the VS term showed more reasonable results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.563-568
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• 2000

Animal waste is a major agricultural waste or wastewater that requires appropriate treatment to prevent environmental pollution. In this presentation, it is examined if incineration of manure compost is an alternative to treatment of animal waste. Heating values of selected biomass including manure compost were obtained using a bomb calorimeter. Based on heating values of manure and manure compost, ranging from 1200 - 1500 kcal/kg on wet base, incineration could be an alternative for animal waste treatment if available land is limited for land application and sufficient reduction of water content in manure compost.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.34-40
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• 2023

As agricultural production increases due to population growth, agricultural by-products that are generated at all production stages increase commensurately. Black soldier fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens) treatment has potential as an environmentally friendly process to combat the environmental pollution caused by agricultural by-products. This study examined the utilization of BSF larvae in the decomposition of the by-products of apples and mandarins, fruits commonly produced in South Korea. The BSF test larvae were fed apple pomace or mandarin waste, and the control larvae were fed calf feed. Larval weight and size were measured at 4-day intervals until larvae reached the pre-pupal stage. Larval development time, survival rate, and BSF fecundity rate were calculated for all three substrates. Waste reduction and bioconversion ratios were also calculated. The developmental time of larvae fed with apple pomace and mandarin waste was greater than that of the control larvae. The average weight of larvae fed with the fruit by-products was less than that of the control. There was no significant difference in the survival rate of BSF larvae or the fecundity rate of BSF between the substrates used in this study. BSF larvae decomposed 48.0% and 61.5% of apple pomace and mandarin waste, respectively. The bioconversion efficiency rates of BSF larvae fed with apple pomace and mandarin waste were 9.1% and 12.1%, respectively. These results indicated that decomposition of single fruit by-products by BSF larvae is an environmentally friendly and effective bioconversion process.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.114-124
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• 2000

The method to estimate agricultural organic matter flow on the regional scale was established and applied to a rural area in Chongwon-gun, Chungbok in 1996. The study area is of about 67$\textrm{km}^2$ and its population is about 7,000. The stocks and flows of organic matter are represented in dry weight per unit area and dry weight per unit area per year, respectively. the amount of inflow of organic matter indicates a possibility to cause environmental pollution. the amount of animal waste 767 kg/ha/yr account for 42 percent of total amount of organic waste 1,834 kg/ha/yr and therefore the environment in study area is greatly influenced by livestock. The decrease in recycling rate of animal waste form 100% to 70% has greatly increased the amount of disposal waste nearly twice, i.e., from 267 kg/ha/yr to 497kg/ha/yr . The results of this study demonstrate that appropriate animal population, increase in recycling of animal waste and preservation of agricultural land are necessary for environmental conservation of the study area.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.119-119
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• 2020

Globally, the demand for food and water resources are increasing rapidly with the growing concerns of meeting the projected population upsurge, specifically by 2050. The global population is projected to hit 9.8 billion in 2050 while the food demand is expected to increase by 77% from the 2007 base year. Moreover, the already scarce water resources, especially in the food-producing regions, expected to be significantly affected as food production already accounts for over 70% of the global water resources. However, the estimated food demand encapsulated the actual demand for both human consumption and animal feed in addition to the exuberant food waste at the consumption stage of the supply chain, notably in the developed countries. Managing the food consumption demand and food waste can have across-the-board benefits on water resources and other associated food production impacts. This study assessed the water-saving potentials through food waste in Korean households using the food waste data obtained from the direct weighing analysis. The household food waste collection and characterization were carried out during the summer (July), fall (September), and winter (December) seasons of 2019. The water footprint related to the food waste within Korean households was based on the water footprint concept, i.e. indirect water use. The results of our estimation showed that an average Korean household wasted 6.15 ± 4.36 kg daily, amounting to 12.53 ± 11.10 m3 of water resources associated with the waste. On the per capita basis, an average of 0.024 ± 0.017 kg/capita/day of food was wasted resulting to 0.049 ± 0.044 m3/capital/day of water resources wasted. The food waste types that accounted for the principal share in the water footprint were beef, soybean, rice and pork with values 30.7, 10.1, 9.6, and 7.5%, respectively. Considering that the production of meat and meat products are water intensive and the agricultural water use in Korea is largely for rice production, addressing the food waste of these two important agricultural products can be a hotspot for water saving potential in the country. This study therefore provides an insight to addressing the water scarcity in the country through reducing household food waste.