• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 2012

In this study, hydroxypropyl methylcelluloses (HPMCs) were added to prepare the rice noodle and the effects of water dosage, HPMC content, and viscosity level of HPMC on the noodle-making properties of rice dough were examined. As the water dosage was increased, the rice dough after roller pass became more flat and homogeneous. However, when the water dosage was over a certain range, the rice noodle became more waved. In the test result of various HPMC contents, 3% HPMC addition was turned out to be an optimum condition for the best noodle-making properties of rice dough. As the viscosity level of HPMC decreased, the rice dough after roller pass became inhomogeneous. However, the lowest viscosity level HPMC (PMC 40H) did not show any waved rice noodle at even high water dosage indicating the improved noodle-making properties of rice dough. On the whole, it seems that 56~58% water dosage, 3% HPMC content, and high viscosity HPMC (PMC60U) were the optimum condition for preparation of good rice noodle.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.252-260
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• 2009

Rice is the most important cereal crop not only in supplying the basic staple food for more than half of the world's population but also as a model plant for functional genomic studies of monocotyledons. Although rice transformation method using A. tumefaciens has already been widely used to generate transgenic plants, the transformation rate is still low in most Korean elite cultivars. We made several modifications of the standard protocol especially in the co-cultivation step to improve the efficiency of the rice transformation. The co-culture medium was modified by the addition of three antioxidant compounds (10.5 mg/L L-cysteine, 1 mM sodium thiosulfate, 1 mM dithiothreitol) and of Agrobacterium growth-inhibiting agent (5 mg/L silver nitrate). Co-cultivation temperature ($23.5^{\circ}C$ for 1 day, $26.5^{\circ}C$ for 6 days) and duration (7 days) were also changed. The plasmid of pMJC-GB-GUS carrying the GUS reporter gene and the bar gene as the selectable marker was used to evaluate the efficiency of the transformation. After co-cultivation, a high level of GUS gene expression was observed in calli treated with the modified method. It is likely that those newly added compounds helped to minimize the damage due to oxidative bursts during plant cell-Agrobacterium interaction and to prevent necrosis of rice cells. And the transformation rate under the modified method was also remarkably increased approximately 8-fold in Heungnambyeo and 2-fold in Ilmibyeo as compared to the corresponding standard method. Furthermore, we could produce the transgenic plants stably from Ilpumbyeo which is a high-quality rice but its transformation rate is extremely low. Transformation and the copy number of transgenes were confirmed by PCR, bar strip and Southern blot analysis. The improved method would attribute reducing the effort and the time required to produce a large number of transgenic rice plants.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.189-194
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• 2012

Measurement of compositions and somatic cells in raw milk by chemical methods usually requires a lot of time, skilled labor and expensive analytical equipments. Recently, near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS), which is a rapid, cost-effective and non-destructive technique, has been extensively used for safety and quality evaluation in the field of dairy products. However, less study has been performed to evaluate the effect of transmitted light on milk quality during NIRS analysis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the changes in milk quality using transmitted light. Raw milk samples collected from dairy farm from Siga prefecture in Japan were analyzed for fat, protein, lactose, solids not fat, total solids, milk urea and citric acid using the Milko scan 4000. Somatic cells in raw milk samples were counted by the Fossomatic 5000. Transmittance spectra of 50 ml raw milk samples were obtained by the Lax-Cute lighter in the 400 nm or less, 689 nm, 773 nm, 900 nm and 979 nm. As a result, milk fat as well as somatic cell count was increased by 2.6% and 9.0%, respectively. The other compositions were, however, changed within the relative error of the measurement. Further studies are needed to apply raw milk quality evaluation using the UV band by accumulating more samples and more data.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.752-761
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• 2011

Recently, upland crops cultivation instead of paddy crops are more popular and highlighted by increase of social demand in agricultural land use. Especially, wheat cultivation for replacing of import food grain are more interested by government, and it is urgently needed that possibility of wheat cultivation is evaluated in the reclaimed tidal land. Crop cultivation is closely related with soil salinity and cultivation method in the reclaimed tidal land. In order to evaluate possibility of wheat cultivation, effect of different application level of compost and nitrogen additional fertilizer, also soil salinity on the grain yield and yield components of three wheat cultivars was studied at the newly reclaimed Saemangeum and Hwanong tidal lands in Korea. $270-300kg\;10a^{-1}$ of grain yield were obtained at the experimental site in the Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land where soil salinity was less than $4dS\;m^{-1}$ during growing periods from December, 2009 to June, 2010. However, almost no grain yield was obtained at the experimental site in the Hwaong reclaimed tidal land, where soil salinity was more than average $8dS\;m^{-1}$ ranged from 2.0 to $25.9dS\;m^{-1}$ during growing period and then salt demage was severe. Yield was significantly different among application level of compost and nitrogen additional fertilizer in the newly reclaimed Saemangeum tidal land. However, it is considered that three cultivars such as Chopum, Chogyung and Geumgang, have similar sensibility to soil salinity and fertilizer level, because there is statistically no difference among ciltivars in Hwaong and Saemangeum, and also among cultivars in the different levels of compost and fertilizer. Finally, it is concluded that wheat can be possibly produced by reasonable fertilizer application in the Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land, but wheat cultivation is impossible because of high soil salinity in the Hwaong reclaimed tidal land.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.115-119
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• 2011

Soybean proteins are widely used for human and animal feeds worldwide. The use of soybean protein has been expanded in the food industry due to their excellent nutritional benefits. But, antinutritional and allergenic factors are present in the raw mature soybean. P34 protein, referred as Gly m Bd 30K, has been identified as a predominant immunodominant allergen. The objective of this research is to identify the genetic mode of P34 protein for the improvement of soybean cultivar with a very low level of P34 protein. Two $F_2$ populations were developed from the cross of "Pungsannamulkong" ${\times}$ PI567476 and "Gaechuck2ho" ${\times}$ PI567476 (very low level of P34 protein). Relative amount of P34 protein was observed by Western blot analysis. The observed data for the progeny of "Pungsannamulkong" and PI567476 were 133 seeds with normal content of P34 protein and 35 seeds with very low level of P34 protein (${\chi}^2=1.157$, P=0.20-0.30). For the progeny of "Gaechuck#1" and PI567476, the observed data were 177 seeds with normal content of P34 protein and 73 seeds with very low level of P34 protein (${\chi}^2=2.353$, P=0.10-0.20). From pooled data, observed data were 310 seeds with normal content of P34 protein and 108 seeds with very low level of P34 protein (${\chi}^2=0.156$, P=0.50-0.70). The segregation ratio (3:1) and the Chi-square value obtained from the two populations suggested that P34 protein in mature soybean seed is controlled by a single major gene. Single gene inheritance of P34 protein was confirmed in 32 $F_2$ derived lines in $F_3$ seeds, which were germinated from the low level of P34 protein obtained from the cross of "Pungsannamulkong" and PI567476. These results may provide valuable information to breed for new soybean line with low level of P34 protein and identification of molecular markers linked to P34 locus.

• Journal of Ginseng Culture
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• v.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 2019

Ginseng has been recognized as a lifespan extending medicine which has been regarded as one of the medicines classified as top medicines, as the Boncho (medical herbs) study which is influenced by the idea of guidance's costume and food concept mainly in China is gaining its bona fide form. As the demand for ginseng has been expanded to other levels, the demand for ginseng has been increasing. Ginseng from the nature reached its supply chain limit due to its extinction and difficulty of picking, so it translated into ginseng cultivation of economy rather than harvesting in nature. After the start of ginseng cultivation, the ginseng cultivation was further enhanced by the rapid development of processing methods such as white-ginseng and red-ginseng, and the surge of consumption due to the traditional belief in ginseng drug efficacy and support of scientific research. In the Joseon Dynasty, the name Gasam (cultivated ginseng) had been created as ginseng was cultivated on farmland after the stage of SanYang (wild cultivated ginseng), the purpose of the new name Gasam is to differentiate from natural ginseng, and natural ginseng lost its firm position as the genuine ginseng as the Gasam replaced the genuine ginseng, and the natural ginseng got a new name of SanSam (wild ginseng). Because the real ginseng substance concept dissipated, and as Gasam is being called ginseng, the name Gasam was also disappeared. As a result, it was possible to grow large quantities according to the arrival of the Gasam era, and it was possible to supply the demand for ginseng, and it could become one agricultural industry. In this ginseng cultivation, in Japan where ginseng did not grow naturally, it was difficult to obtain ginseng from Joseon and faced with a shortage of ginseng at all times. Therefore, the shogun cultivated the Gasam systematically at the national level by the inside of the shogunate. However, since the natural ginseng is native to China and Korea, there is a concern about the deterioration of the quality of natural ginseng due to the incorporation of cultivated ginseng (Gasam). To protect the interests, the cultivation of ginseng was subject to control. For this reason, the lack of historical information on Gasam cultivation, which had to be started secretly, would be a natural result. In this paper, althouh not sufficient enough, the historical informations were used to summarize the history of ginseng cultivation in China, Japan and Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.127-133
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• 2019

The ami of our study was on the anti-obesity effect of ethanol extract from Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim root (TKM) in murine adipocytes, 3T3-L1 cells. This study focused on anti-adipogenic activity through inhibition of cell differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells treated TKM. 100 ug/ml of non-cytotoxic TEM remarkablely inhibited content of triglycerol and suppressed expressions of $C/EBP{\alpha}$, $PPAR{\gamma}a$ and SREBP-1c related with lipogenic transcription factors in theres 3T3-L1 cells compared to (-)control cells. As phosphorylations of AMPK and ACC were incerased, HSL and CPT-1 mRNA expression increased upon TKM treatment, which involved in inhibition of fatty acid synthase expression. In conclusion, these results indicate that TKM can inhibit mRNA and protein expression of lipogenic genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Our study suggests that TKM has potential anti-obesity effects and is a convergence therapeutic functional agent with anti-adipogenic activity via hypolipogenesis.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.361-372
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• 2018

Migratory insect pest populations migrate from the southern China to Korea through jet streams. In Korea, 5 major migratory insect species are important, i.e. Nilaparvata lugens, Sogatella furcifera, Laodelphax striatellus, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and Mythimma separate, which are damages to the major crops, rice. This study was conducted from late July 2016 to early September 2016 and from July 2017 to August 2017 in rice paddy of Jeolla-province. C. medinalis and M. separata collected using pheromone traps, while N. lugens, S. furcifera and L. striatellus collected using 3 methods (visual surveys, sweeping surveys, sticky traps). SADIE (Spatial Analysis by Distance IndicEs) among geostatistics was used to analyze migratory insect pests. SADIE was used to analyze spatial distribution and index of aggregation $I_a$, index of clustering $V_i$, $V_j$ were used to investigate the spatial distribution. Also, the clustering indices were mapped as red-blue plot. C. medinalis and M. separata showed different distribution based on SADIE spatial aggregation analysis and red-blue plot analysis. Initial spatial distributions of L. striatellus and other planthoppers were differed for sampling location and time.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1881-1889
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• 2018

Objective: In dryland areas of China, alfalfa hay (AH) is a possible substitute for concentrate feed for beef cattle. To evaluate the potential benefits of this substitution, we studied the effect of the ratio of AH intake to total dry matter (DM) intake on average daily body-weight gain (ADG), dietary energy utilization status, and economic benefit in Gansu province. Methods: In each of two feeding trials in 2016 (trial 1 [T1], July 3 to 17; trial 2 [T2], August 15 to September 23), crossbred male Simmental calves were allocated to low AH (LA), medium AH (MA), and high AH (HA) feeding groups (n = 4 per group). The target ADG was set as 1 kg for both trials. In a one-way-layout design based on conventional feeding practices in the province, calves received diets containing the different AH amounts, with a constant ratio of corn stover:total DM and decreasing rations of concentrate feed proportional to the increase in AH. Calves in T1 received AH at 15% (T1-LA), 23% (T1-MA), or 31% (T1-HA) of their dietary DM allowances; those in T2 received 9% (T2-LA), 24% (T2-MA), or 34% (T2-HA) AH. Results: Among the T1 groups, both ADG and economic benefit were highest in T1-LA; whereas in T2, they were higher in the T2-LA and T2-MA groups than in T2-HA. Energy digestibility did not significantly differ among the groups in either trial. The dietary AH inclusion ratios of 14% in the warm season and 8% to 21% in the cool season appeared to yield optimal ADG, metabolizable energy intake, and economic benefit. Conclusion: Low-level inclusion of AH, ranging from 8% to 21%, is a practical approach for beef cattle feeding. This modified feeding regimen likely will promote increased growth performance during the fattening stage of beef steers in dryland areas of Gansu province, China.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary bee venom on serum characteristics, antioxidant activity, and hepatic fatty acid composition in broiler chickens. A group of 875 one-day-old feather-sexed male broiler chicks were randomly allocated to five treatments with seven replicates (25 birds/replicate) for three weeks. A corn-soybean meal-based diet was used as the basal diet. Five dietary treatments were compared: 1) basal diet, 2) basal diet containing $10{\mu}g/kg$ of bee venom powder, 3) basal diet containing $50{\mu}g/kg$ of bee venom powder, 4) basal diet containing $100{\mu}g/kg$ of bee venom powder, and 5) basal diet containing $500{\mu}g/kg$ of bee venom powder. At 21 days, one bird per pen was slaughtered by asphyxiation in $CO_2$ gas, and blood was collected to measure serum characteristics and antioxidant activity. In addition, the liver was excised to measure the concentration of malondialdehyde and determine fatty acid composition. Increasing dietary bee venom in the diet failed to affect most serum parameters except for triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acids. Dietary bee venom inclusion quadratically increased the concentration of stearic acid (P<0.05), but decreased palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, mono-unsaturated fatty acids, and poly-unsaturated fatty acids. Finally, dietary bee venom tended to lower hepatic malondialdehyde contents quadratically (P=0.054). In conclusion, our study revealed that dietary bee venom improved antioxidant capacity and affected fatty acid metabolism in broiler chickens.