• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 2022

Generally, Au electrodes are the preferred top metal electrodes in most perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because of their appropriate work function for hole transportation and their resistance to metal-halide formation. However, for the commercialization of PSCs, the development of alternative metal electrodes for Au is essential to decrease their fabrication cost. Ag electrodes are considered one of the most suitable alternatives for Au electrodes because they are relatively cheaper and can provide the necessary stability for oxidation. However, Ag electrodes require an aging-induced recovery process and react with halides from perovskite layers. Herein, we propose a bilayer Au/Ag electrode to overcome the limitations of single Au and Ag metal electrodes. The performance of PSCs based on bilayer electrodes is comparable to that of PSCs with Au electrodes. Furthermore, by using the bilayer electrode, we can eliminate the aging process, normally an essential process for Ag electrodes. This study not only demonstrates an effective method to substitute for expensive Au electrodes but also provides a possibility to overcome the limitations of Ag electrodes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.379-385
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• 2013

PURPOSE: This study is research about deep trunk muscles (DTM) that is important and serve to control the movement of the trunk to provide stability during movement for human. In this study, trying to prove a change of DTM of aging in the ultrasound image. METHODS: We measured via an ultrasound image during rest and contraction of DTM in 42 young and 48 old people, and then we measured the change of thickness and symmetry. RESULTS: Symmetry showed a significant difference only external oblique (EO) in the young(p<.05). In the elderly, it was found that ratio of contraction was greater transverse abdominis than EO. CONCLUSION: I considered it could lead to improvement of activity of daily life by applying intervention for recovery of motor control of TrA for the elderly in clinical practice.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.10-18
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• 1981

In this paper tensile strength and fatigue propagation rate were investigated by aging treatment $(T_6)$ and thermomechanical treatment (TMT) of 7075-Al Alloy specimen. The results of teat showed that TMT improved tensile strength and fatigue crack propagation due to bomogenization of microstructure. In TMT, the results of comparison between T-H' AHA and T-AHA and $T-AH{\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}$and $T-HA{\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}$were showed that T-AHA and $T-AH{\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}$treatments, after solution treatment, which are aging treated before rolling have higher tensile strength. Our investigation on high temperature stability at the Specimen for $T_6$, T-AHA, $T-AH{\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}$treatments resulted in rapid reduction of tensile strength over $150^{\circ}C$, but the reduction of tensile strength for specimen of TMT was smoothed than $T_6$.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.651-656
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• 1993

Granulated Y-TZP powders were coated by using Sol-Gel method and the coating effect of Al2O3 on the isothermal phase transformation in Al2O3 coated Y-TZP powders was investigated. During aging, tetragonal phase in Y-TZP powder were isothermally transformed to monoclinic, but the tetragonal phase in Al2O3 coated Y-TZP powders was continuously retained in spite of long aging. It can be considered that the improvement of thermal stability of tetragonal phase in Al2O3 coated Y-TZP powders may be due to the increase of constraint effect near tetragonal phase, and the suppression of surface transformation by obstructing the reaction between the surface of Y-TZP and H2O.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.175-181
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• 2016

This study investigates the dispersibility of carbon in carbon contained ammonium diuranate (C-ADU) gel particles and the characteristics of C-ADU gel liquid droplets produced by the vibrating nozzle and integrated aging-washing-drying equipment. It was noted that the excellent stability of carbon dispersion was only observed in the C-ADU gel particle that contained carbon black named CB 10. ADU gel liquid droplets containing carbon particles with the excellent sphericity of approximately 1,950 mm were then obtained using an 80-100-Hz vibrating nozzle system. Dried C-ADU gel particles obtained by the aging-washing-drying equipment were thermal decomposed until $500^{\circ}C$ at a rate of $1^{\circ}C/min$ in an air or in 4% $H_2$ gas atmosphere. The thermally decomposed C-ADU gel particles showed 24% weight loss and a more complicated profile than that of ADU gel particles.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.961-974
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• 2023

This study investigated the effects of mustard seed extracts on physicochemical and storage characteristics of dry-aged pork loin ham during the aging period. In experiment 1, antioxidant activity was assessed for mustard seed extracted with varying ethanol concentrations and the results showed high antioxidant activity at 25%, 50%, and 75% ethanol concentrations. In experiment 2, pork loin was treated with mustard seed extracts obtained using different ethanol concentrations: not treated (control), 25% (MS25), 50% (MS50), and 75% (MS75). Physicochemical and storage characteristics of pork loin ham were measured in wk 0, 2, 4, and 6. The pH, a_w, CIE b^*, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and volatile basic nitrogen values were lower in treated samples compared to the control (p<0.05). In conclusion, applying mustard seed extracts, particularly MS75, in the dry-aged pork loin ham production process could enhance storage stability and improve color attributes without having negative impacts on product quality.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.85-91
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• 2006

This study was investigated the effect of aging at low temperature of seasoned pork with Korean traditional sauces. The samples, pork loins were cut by the shape of cube ($5{\times}15{\times}5\;cm$) and porks were seasoned with Korean tradition sauce such as soy sauce base (T1), red pepper sauce base (T2), and soybean sauce base (T3) in the same proportion of meat seasonings, respectively. The seasoned samples were stored, at $1{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ during 28 days. Surface meat color of seasoned pork was affected by the kind of sauces. Lightness of seasoned pork with soy sauce was decreased with increased in periods while red pepper sauce made it more red and soybean sauce produced a light seasoned pork, Lightness of inner meat color of seasoned pork was decreased with increased aging periods, and seasoned pork with soy sauce was lower compared to other treatments. TBARS of seasoned pork with soy sauce was lower compared to other treatments, and increased TBARS in all treatments with aging period. Total plate counts were increased with aging period, and those of seasoned pork with soy sauce were lower compared to other treatments. The microbial counts of Escherichia coli levels in all treatments was higher at the first day of aging periods. However Escherichia coli levels were decreased with increasing the aging period. Lactobacilli spp. of seasoned pork with soy sauce was not increased during aging periods, whereas other treatments were increased with aging period increased.

• Transactions of the Society of Information Storage Systems
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.50-55
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• 2012

Optical disks are widely used in libraries and archives as digital data media due to their long-term storage stability. Though archive-grade optical disks are already available on the market, there is a relative less focusing on the reliable recording conditions. Commercial BD-R media were recorded at various recording speeds with the maximum speed of 6X, and tested at the acceleration aging conditions. Through the evaluation of long-term storage features by the data stability test, lower recording speed of 2x resulted in better long-term storage stability. In addition, degradation aspects of unstable long-term storage feature at outer region of disk were discussed.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.14 no.1 s.73
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• pp.71-77
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• 2005

Thermal stability and dry sliding wear behavior of ultra-fine grained 6061 Al alloy fabricated by an accumulative roll-bonding (ARB) process have been investigated. After 4 ARB cycles, an ultra-fine grained microstructure of the 6061 Al alloy composed of grains with average size of 500nm, and separated mostly by high-angle boundaries was obtained. Though hardness and tensile strength of the ARB processed Al alloy increased with ARB cycles up to 4 cycles, the processed alloy exhibited decreased ductility and little strain hardening. Thermal stability of the ARB-processed microstructure was studied by annealing of the severely deformed alloy at $423K{\sim}573K$. The refined microstructure of the alloy remained stable up to 473K, and the peak aging treatment of the alloy at 450K for 8 hrs increased the thermal stability of the alloy. Sliding-wear rates of the alloy increased with the number of ARB cycles in spite of the increased hardness with the cycles. Wear mechanisms of the ultra-fine grained alloy were investigated by examining worn surfaces, wear debris, and cross-sections by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.190-193
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• 2002

3mol% $Y_2O_3$ Partially-Stabilized Zirconia single Crystals (PSZCs) containing a small quantity (<0.5%) of rare-earth oxides ($CeO_2,\;Tb_2O_3$) were prepared by using a direct high-frequency skull melting technique to evaluate hydrothermal stability in an autoclave. Pole exhibited no $t{\rightarrow}m$ phase transformation during aging for 5h at temperatures from 150 to 250$^{\circ}C$ and 4MPa water vapor pressure in an autoclave, resulting in excellent hydrothermal stability.