• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2000.06a
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• pp.9-10
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• 2000

The aging process is multifactorial and results from the combined effects of inherited(genetic) and acquired factors including life style, food habits, physical activity, and diseases. That give rise to the various approaches in aging. We are trying to study biological changes with aging, In detail we are focused on gene and protein function accompanied by normal or abnormal aging process, especially our efforts are aimed at revealing the functional relationship of proteins in aging as a final product of gene. We expect that proteomic approach to the study of protein function involved in aging should give us variety of integrated data to understand biological changes of long lived lives, We have applied expression proteomics to rat liver bred in dietary restriction or in at libitum to elucidate the effects of food habit on aging. Expression proteomics shows us protein profile in a selected tissue or cells as a whole and gives us the information about protein expression level, posttranslational modification and degenerative modification of expressed proteins. Comparative analysis of young and old rat liver by two dimensional gels shows that gene expression of several proteins was down regulated in old rats and some protein expression level is increased with aging. Dietary restriction slows down these changes of gene expression and in some proteins there's no difference in protein expression level at same ages in comparison with rats bred in at libitum. About forty protein was identified by peptide mass fingerprint with MALDI-TOF and rest of the protein of interest is in the course of identification, Also we are trying to make mitochondrial and cytosolic proteom reference map. These suborganelle proteom map will gives us the information about low abundance proteins and cellular localization of proteins. Proteomics is a growing methodology to study biological system. High throughput qualitative and qualitative aspect of this approach will gives us large amount of integrated information and speed up our understanding about biological system

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.12-20
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• 1998

Primary neuronal culture was studied for observing effect of ginsenoside Rgl (Rgl) on serum-free medium induced apoptosis. Results showed that Rgl at concentration of 1 umol$.$ L-1 and 10 umol$.$L-1 could inhibit apoptosis, decrease intracellular calcium concentration in cultured cortical neurons, enhance SOD activity in both aged rat cortex and cultured cortical neurons, scavenge cytotoxic oxygen free radicals, decrease NO content and NOS activity in aged rat cortex and cultured cortical neurons, increase bel-2 gene expression in rat brain. These results provided new data for elucidating the anti-aging effect of Rgi. Rgl is considered to be a useful drug for treatment of Alzheimer's disease and brain aging.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.215-216
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• 1995

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.593-623
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• 1999

This experimental study was designed to verify the anti-aging efficacy of Eukmigihwangtang (EMGHT) and Rehmannia Radix, and determine the specific role and actions of Rehmannia Radix. Normal rat (2 months old), aging rat (8 months old), and pathologically induced rat (2 months old, injected 30mg/kg of streptozotocin) are observed to study the aging eliciting factors such as peroxide contents and enzyme activities. The following results were obtained in this study: 1. For the body weight changes, normal group given Rehmannia Radix showed decrease in the body weight compared to the control group, aging group given EMGHT and Rehmannia Radix showed significant decrease in the body weight, and STZ injected group showed suppression to the body weight loss when given EMGHT and Rehmannia Radix. 2. For the content changes in serum lipid peroxide, normal group showed increasing level as the rat gets older. Aging group and STZ injected group given EMGHT and Rehmannia Radix showed significant decrease in the lipid peroxide level compared to the control group. Decrease was more prominant in the group given EMGHT. 3. For the changes in serum hydroxyl radical, normal group did not show significant changes, but aging group and STZ injected group given EMGHT and Rehmannia Radix showed significant decrease in the hydroxyl radical level compared to the control group. Decrease was more prominant in the group given EMGHT. 4. For the changes in serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, normal group did not show significant changes, but aging group given EMGHT and Rehmannia Radix showed significant increase in the SOD activity compared to the control group. STZ injected group given EMGHT and Rehmannia Radix showed significant decrease in the SOD activity compared to the control group. 5. For the content changes in hepatic lipid peroxide, aging group and STZ injected group given EMGHT and Rehmannia Radix showed significant decrease in the lipid peroxide level compared to the control group. 6. For the changes in hepatic cytochrome P-450 activity, aging group and STZ injected group given EMGHT and Rehmannia Radix showed significant decrease compared to the control group. Cytochrome b5 activity was significantly decreased only in the STZ injected group given EMGHT and Rehmannia Radix. 7. For the changes in hepatic aminopyrine demethylase and aniline hydroxylase activity, aging group given EMGHT and Rehmannia Radix showed significant decrease compared to the control group. STZ injected group given EMGHT and Rehmannia Radix showed significant increase in the aminopyrine demethylase activity, and showed significant decrease in the aniline hydroxylase activity compared to the control group. 8. For the content changes in hepatic protein bound-SH and nonprotein bound-SH, againg group and STZ injected group given EMGHT and Rehmannia Radix showed significant increase compared to the control group. 9. For the content changes in hepatic glutathione level, aging group and STZ injected group given EMGHT and Rehmannia Radix showed significant increase compared to the control group. 10. For the changes in hepatic glutathione S-transferase activity, aging group and STZ injected group given EMGHT and Rehmannia Radix showed significant increase and decrease, respectively, compared to the control group. 11. For the changes in hepatic glutathione reductase activity, aging group and STZ injected group given EMGHT and Rehmannia Radix showed significant increase compared to the control group, while $\gamma$-Glutamylcystein synthetase activity did not show significant changes. 12. For the changes in hepatic superoxide dismutase activity, aging group and STZ injected group given EMGHT and Rehmannia Radix showed significant decrease compared to the control group. From the above results, the antioxidant effects of EMGHT and Rehmannia Radix were proved, as well as the role of Rehmannia Radix, a chief of EMGHT, was examined. In addition, since no change was reconized as the quantity of Rehmannia Radix and the order herbs increased, the reasonableness on EMGHT was proven with respect to its composition and quantity. Thus, the significance of EMGHT could be objectively exmined in terms of its composition and quantity. Considering animals used in the experiment, there were obvious changes in aging rats and pathologically induced rats than in normal rats. Consequently, it was noticeable that EMGHT and Rehmannia Radix were working selectively on the subjects.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.26-51
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• 1995

The present study was designed to examine effect of long term weight-training on aging atrophy in the rat skeletal muscle. Male rats of 8, 15, and 24 month old were used. Each age groups included control and weight-training for 5 months by using body press apparatus. The histo- and cytochemical, ultrastructural and stereological changes in aging skeletal muscles of the rat were observed in the present study. During the training period the body weight and muscular weight in all groups except the rectus femoris and the gastrocnemius in young age groups remained constant, but muscular weights were increased in the rectus femoris and the gastrocnemius muscles in young age groups. In trained rat, the volume density of muscle fiber type IIA and IIB were increased, but those of type IIC was decreased. Type I remained constant in 8 and 15 month old age groups, but reduced in the tibialis anterior and the gastrocnemius muscles in the 24 month old groups. Some histotological and ultrastructural changes associated with age were found: numerical increase of cytiplasmic vacuoles, lysosomes, lipofuscins, and irregularity of myofibrils. At 24 month old groups some unusual formation of contraction band and muscle splitting were observed. After weight-training, ultrastructural degenerative changes occured in the type I muscle fiber, such as splitting of muscle fiber, disorganization of myofilaments, swelling of mitochondria, accumulation of many lipid droplets, appearance of many lysosomes and residual bodies and necrotic fibers, in the old age groups. But, in the type II muscle fibers hypertrophy of muscle fiber appeared without any noticible damage as the type I. The activities of $Mg^{++}$ -ATPase decreased with age and this enzyme activities in the trained rat were significantly decreased with age. Activities of the acid phosphatase were increased with age and significantly in the trained rat. In stereological analysis, volume density of the myofibrils and the tubular system were increased, on the other hand there mitochondrial capacity was decreased. These experimental results suggested that old rats are not susceptible to be affected by weight-training as young rats, and that physical capacity of the rats must be considered when old rats are exercised for training.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.329-335
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• 2006

The present study was designed to investigate aging-related effects on the activities of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes of rat liver by dietary supplementation of Korean red ginseng water-extract. Rat did not show any discernible signs of the rejection symptoms, and blood GOT and GPT levels were not influenced by ginseng water extracts, Cytochrome 450 levels and NADPH cytochrome P45O reductase, p-450 dependent ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase, and benzphetamine N-demethylase activities were decreased with aging, however, these phase I system enzymes activities in the ginseng group of24 months were well maintained compared with normal group. But, Levels of cytochrome bs and NADH-cytochrome b$_5$ reductase activities were also decreased with aging and were not found a clear difference between two groups. Glutathione-s-transferase activity, phase II enzyme system, in liver cytosols was also decreased in old ages, but the degree of decrease was higher in normal group than in giuseng supplemented group. These results indicate that long-term supplementation of red ginseng water extracts from weaning to 24 months do not show any side effects to rats, and retard age-related deteriorations of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes activities in old ages.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1996

Male rats of 2 months-old(young), 6 months-old(adult) and 30 months-old(old)were fed 8 or 16 weeks to investigate the e(feats of dietary fat level on the lipid metabolism in the different stages of aging. The response of 30 month old rats to dietary fat level differed from either 2 or 6-months old rats. In 30-months old rats, dietary fat level had a little effect on weight gains, lipid content of serum as compared with other two age groups. Young rats showed higher body weight gain, F.S.R, and PER compared with aged rat. The younger and the more high fat fed the rats were, the more body weight gains, FER and PER showed. Weight of liver and kidney was increased in aged rats but ratio per unit weight of liver and kidney was not affected by age. Serum lipid content was higher in aged rat compared with the young and liver lipid content was higher in high fat diet fed rats. But TG of liver and serum was not changed with aging process. Intake, excretion and absorption of lipid was not changed by age of animals. but absorption was decreased as experimental period was increased.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.109-114
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• 2004

Oxidative stress is one of the major reasons for brain aging and neurodegeneration. Ethanol and acetaldehyde increase the levle of oxidative stress in brain tissue resulting in aging and neurodegeneration related alcoholic dementia. Ginkgo biloba extracts are used as therapeutic and preventive agent for dementia. Here, it was investigated whether Ginkgo biloba extract show the effectiveness against ethanol- and acetaldehyde-induced oxidative stress in rat brain. Ethanol and acetaldehyde increased the level of oxidative stress by about 35% to 50% in rat brain tissue. However, Ginkgo biloba extracts reduced the level of ethanol- and acetaldehyde-induced oxidative stress. This result might reveal the link between the effectiveness of Ginkgo biloba extracts on oxidative stress and its effectiveness on alcoholic dementia.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.91-102
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• 2005

1. Objectives The purpose of this study is to find out effects of Hyeongbangpaedok-san(HBPDS) and Dokhwaljihwang(DHJH) against decline of physical function as aging. 2. Methods Administrating HBPDS and DHJH to 40-week-old Wistar rat for 10 weeks so, I researched weight change, weight change of internal organs, and hematological and serological changes. 3. Results & Conclusions 1. Both examining groups, which were taken HBPDS and DHJH, got more weight than control group. But that was regardless. 2. Both examining groups got more weight on internal organs than control group. But that was regardless, too. 3. Both examining groups decreased in amount of MDA in serum, as contrasted with control group. But it was regardless. 4. Both examining groups improved on hematological condition. WBC, RBC, Hgb, monocytes and eosinophil rates were decreasing and HCT and PLT were increasing. Especially monocytes(p<0.001) and eosinophil(p<0.05) rate of DHJH taken group was decreased remarkably. 5-1. Both examining groups show decline in each item of functional examination of liver, such as ALT, AST, T-bilirubin, T-protein, ALB, A/G. T-chol, TG, etc. HBPDS taken group showed meaningful decline in Albumin(p<0.01) and A/G(p<0.01) and DHJH taken group showed meaningful decline in T-bilirubin(p<0.01). 5-2. Both examining groups showed decline in items of functional examination of kidneys. Specially HBPDS taken group showed meaningful decline in CRN rate(p<0.05) and DHJH taken group showed meaningful decline in BUN rate(p<0.05). As those results, HBPDS and DHJH are effective against decline of physical function as aging.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 2010

A recent report demonstrated that in human aging brain after menopause/andropause luteinizing hormone (LH) is localized in the cytoplasm of pyramidal neurons of hippocampus and a significant increase of LH is also detected in the cytoplasm of pyramidal neurons and neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer's disease brain compared to age-matched control brain. It was suggested that the decreased steroid hormone production and the resulting LH expression in the neurons vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease pathology may have some relevance to the development of Alzheimer's disease. It is, however, unclear whether the presence of LH in neurons of human aging and Alzheimer's disease brain is due to intracellular LH expression or to LH uptake from extracellular sources, since gonadotropins are known to cross the blood brain barrier. Moreover, there is no report by using the brain of experimental animal that LH is expressed in such neurons as found in the human brain. In the present study, we found that LH immunoreactivity is localized in the pyramidal neurons of cerebral cortex and hippocampus of 12 and 18 months old rats but can not detect any immunoreactivity for LH in the young adult (3-5 months old) rats. To confirm that these LH immunoreactivity results from de novo synthesis in the brain but not the uptake from extracellular space, we performed RT-PCR and found that mRNA for LH is detected in several regions of brain including cerebral cortex and hippocampus. These findings suggest us that LH expression in old rat brain may play an important role in aging process of rat brain.