• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.87-106
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• 2010

Objective & Methods: The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-oxidative and immuneregulative effects of electro-acupouncture(EA) at SP6(Sameumgyo) in aged rats. The author performed several experimental items including blood cell counts, blood chemistry, measurement of various oxidants and antioxidants in liver and spleen, analysis of various cytokines in spleen. The results are as follows. Results: 1. EA at SP6 significantly reduced the number of platelets in blood. 2. EA at SP6 significantly reduced NO concentration and significantly increased catalase activity in liver. 3. EA at SP6 significantly reduced NO concentration and significantly increased SOD activity, catalase activity and glutathione concentration in spleen. 4. EA at SP6 restored the increase of IL-4, IL-6 and the decrease of IFN-$\gamma$ in aged rat spleen. Conclusion: According to these results, it is postulated that EA at SP6 has an antioxidative effect through increasing the activities of antioxidative enzymes and inhibiting production of oxidized substances, as well as an immune regulative effect in aging process. In consequence, it is presumed that EA at SP6 may have an anti-aging effect.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.517-523
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• 2000

The effect of dietary zinc deficiency and age on lipid peroxide level was investigaed in rats. Zinc level in serum and liver were also measured. Fifty Sprague-Dawly male rats aging 8 months(older rats) and 2 months(younger rats) were used as experimental animal. Zinc deficient diet(1.1ppm) and normal zinc diet(36.5ppm) were used as experimental diets. Rats in each age group were divided into zinc deficient(ZnDF), zinc pair-fed(ZnPF) and zinc ad-libitum(ZnAL) to remove the variances of food intake. After 4 weeks of experimetal period, rats were sacrificed. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) levels in plasma and liver, lipofuscin and conjugated diene levels in liver were measured as lipid peroxide index. Food intakes of all groups were not different because zinc deficiency did not reduce food intake in ZnDF group. Younger rats gained weight continuously, while older rats lost weight in the begining of experiment and regained afterwards. In older rats, serum zinc level was decreaed while plasma TBARS. level was increased in ZnDF group. In younger rats, plasma TBARS concentration was increased in dietary zinc deficient rats although serum zinc concentration was not reduced. Liver zinc concentration was significantly higher in older rats comparing to younger rats. However, there was no difference among the three dietary groups. Liver TBARS level was not different by age or dietary zinc level. However it was tended to be higher in older rats. However there was no difference by the dietary zinc level. In both age groups, ZnDF group significantly increased plasma TBARS levels, which suggested dietary zinc deficiency could increase lipid peroxidation in part. Significantly higher levels of lipofuscin and conjugated diene in older rats suggested lipid peroxidation was accelerated by aging.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2012

Synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) have been studied as mechanisms of ocular dominance plasticity in the rat visual cortex. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) inhibits the induction of LTP and LTD during the critical period of the rat visual cortex (postnatal 3~5 weeks). However, in adult rats, the increase in 5-HT level in the brain by the administration of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine reinstates ocular dominance plasticity and LTP in the visual cortex. Here, we investigated the effect of 5-HT on the induction of LTP in the visual cortex obtained from 3- to 10-week-old rats. Field potentials in layer 2/3, evoked by the stimulation of underlying layer 4, was potentiated by theta-burst stimulation (TBS) in 3- and 5-weekold rats, then declined to the baseline level with aging to 10 weeks. Whereas 5-HT inhibited the induction of LTP in 5-week-old rats, it reinstated the induction of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA)-dependent LTP in 8- and 10-week-old rats. Moreover, the selective SSRI citalopram reinstated LTP. The potentiating effect of 5-HT at 8 weeks of age was mediated by the activation of 5-$HT_2$ receptors, but not by the activation of either 5-$HT_{1A}$ or 5-$HT_3$ receptors. These results suggested that the effect of 5-HT on the induction of LTP switches from inhibitory in young rats to facilitatory in adult rats.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.321-326
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• 2012

Resveratrol, a natural compound, has been shown to possess anti-cancer, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and neuroprotective activities. In this study, we examined the antiproliferative and cytotoxicity properties of resveratrol in Rat B103 neuroblastoma cells; although it's molecular mechanisms for the biological effects are not fully defined. Here, we examined the cellular cytotoxicity of resveratrol by cell viability assay, antiproliferation by BrdU assay, DNA fragmentation by DNA ladder assay, activation of caspases and Bcl-2 family proteins were detected by western blot analyses. The results of our investigation suggest that resveratrol increased cellular cytotoxicity of Rat B103 neuroblastoma cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner with $IC_{50}$ of 17.86 ${\mu}M$ at 48 h. On the other hand, incubation of neuroblastoma cells with resveratrol resulted in S-phase cell cycle arrests which dose-dependently and significantly reduced BrdU positive cells through the downregulation of cyclin D1 protein. In addition, resveratrol dose-dependently and significantly downregulated the expression of anti-apoptotic protein includes Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 and also activates cleavage caspase-9 and-3 via the downregulation of procaspase-9 and -3 in a dose-dependent manner which indicates that involvement of intrinsic mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway. In conclusion, resveratrol increases cellular cytotoxicity and inhibits the proliferation of B103 neuroblastoma cells by inducing mitochondria-mediated intrinsic caspase dependent pathway which suggests this natural compound could be used as therapeutic purposes for neuroblastoma malignancies.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.204-212
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• 2016

Objectives : The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of moxibustion on the pain behavior and expression of TRPM8 in the dorsal root ganglion(DRG) in the rat model of ambient cold(AC) exposed osteoarthritis(OA). Methods : OA was induced by the injection of $50{\mu}l$ of 2% monosodium iodoacetate(MIA) into the knee joint cavity. To examine the level of pain, weight bearing forces(WBFs) of affected limb was measured. For the AC exposure, the animals were housed in 6 h/day at $4^{\circ}C$ for 14 days after MIA injection. Moxibustion treatment was performed at EX-LE4 and EX-LE5 with 5 cons(1, 7 or 10 mg) per day for 13 days from 5 days after MIA injection. The expressions of TRPM8 in DRG were measured by western blotting analysis. Results : The WBFs of MIA-AC group were decreased significantly compared to MIA group at 2, 3, 6, 7, 8 and 9 days after arthritis induction. After the first 6 h-AC exposure, expressions of TRPM8 in MIA-AC group were increased significantly compared to those of naive group. After moxibustion treatment, only the WBFs of 7 mg treated group were restored significantly. Moreover, the over-expressions of TRPM8 were attenuated by the moxibustion treatment in AC exposed rats. Conclusions : The data suggest that AC can increase arthritic knee pain via up-regulated TRPM8 and moxibustion treatment improve the arthritic pain via modulation of TRPM8 expression in DRG in the rat model of AC exposed MIA induced arthritis.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.109-126
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• 2002

The herbal extract (YMT_02) is a modified herbal extracts from Yukmijihwangtang (YMJ) to promote memory-enhancing. The YMJ extracts has been widely used as an anti-aging herbal medicine for hundred years in Asian countries. The purpose of this study is to; 1) quantitatively evaluate the memory-enhancing effect of YMT_02 by hehavior task, 2) identify candidate genes responsible for enhancing memory by cDNA microarray and 3) assess the anti-oxidant effect of YMT_02 on PC12 cell. Memory retention abilities are addressed by passive avoidance task with Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rat. Before the training session, the rats are subdivided into four groups and administrated with YMT_02, Ginkgo biloba, Soya lecithin and normal saline for 10 days. The retention test was performed. 24 hours after the training session. The retention time of the YMT_02 group was significantly (p<0.05) delayed $({\sim}100%)$, whereas Ginkgo biloba and Soya lecithin treatment delayed 20% and 10% respectively. The hippocampi of YMT_02 and control group were dissected and mRNA was further purified. After synthesizing cDNA using oligo-dT primer, the cDNA were applied and mRNA was further purified. After synthesizing cDNA using oligo-dT primer, the cDNA were applied to Incyte rat GEMTM 2 cDNA microarray. The microarray results show that prealbumin(transthyretin), phosphotidy lethanolamine N-methyltransferase, and PEP-19 are expressed abundantly in the YMT_02 treated group. Especially, PEP-19 is a neuron-specific protein, which inhibits apoptotic processes in neuronal cell. On the other hand, transcripts of RAB15, glutamate receptor subunit 2 and CDK 108 are abundant in control group. Besides, neuronal genes involved in neuronal death or neurodegeneration such as neuronal-pentraxin and spectrin are abundantly expressed in control group. Additionally, the YMT_02 shows an anti oxidative effect in the PC12 cell. The list of differentially expressed genes may implicate further insight on the action and mechanism behind the memory-enhancing effect of herbal extracts YMT_02, for example, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative, and neuroprotective effects.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.905-913
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• 2003

Oriental medicine explains aging as the weakening of Kidney-ai, and Kidney-strengthening herbal medicines such as Yukmijihwang-tang have been studied for anti-aging effects. In Western Medicine, the hypothesis that reactive oxidant species(ROS) contribute to the aging process is generally accepted. It has been reported that Moutan Cortex Radicis extract (MCR) was the most effective constituent of Yukmijihwang-tang in decreasing ROS production in oxidative-stressed cells. The purpose of this study is to confirm the anti-oxidant effect of MCR on PC12 cells, the expression of Heme oxygenase (HO), Macrophage migradon inhibitory factor (MIF), Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) using real time RT PCR. PC12 cells were treated without or with hydrogen peroxide in the presence or absence of MCR using MTS assay. Hydrogen peroxide decreased the viability of PC12 cells by 53% and MCR did not influence that of stressed PC 12 cells irrespective of dose or incubation period. However, MCR showed an inhibitory effect on production of ROS in stressed cells, both dose and incubation time dependently. In particular, 1 ㎎/㎖ of MCR for 24 h culture almost returned to normal level. In the quantiation of anti-aging related gene expression, MCR at 1 ㎎/㎖ increased the expression of HO by 370%, MIF by 180% and COMT by 280% through real time RT PCR. In conclusion, MCR treatment protected PC12 cells from hydrogen peroxide and decreased ROS production and enhanced anti-oxidative gene expression such as HO, COMT and MIF, which suggests that MCR is involved in controlling anti-aging of nerve cells through elimination of cytotoxic stimuli.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.254-261
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• 2000

난소를 절제한 female rat에 Vit C. Vit E, Vit C와 Vit E를 복합적으로 투여했을 때 rat의 간 조직 의 손상 정도 및 항산화 효소 활성을 관찰하기 위해 체중 150$\pm$10g이 되는 female rat에 100mg/kg 함 량의 각 실험 물질들을 이틀에 한 번 두달 간 복강내로 투여한 뒤 간 조직 중 과산화지질량 및 항상화 효소인 SOD, catalase, 총 glutathion 량 및 Glutathion peroxidase의 활성도를 측정함으로써 항산화계의 변화 및 생리 활성 변화를 살펴 보았다. 1. 간, 신장 조직 중의 과산화지질 함량은 노화군(Ovx)이 정상 군(Sham)에 비해 각각 1.78배, 1.61배 증가하였다. 그리고 각 비타민 투여군은 난소를 절제한 군에 비해 과산화질함량이 현저히 감소하였다. 2. 혈청 중 총 cholesterol 량은 노화군(Ovx)이 정상군(Sham)에 비 해 2.57배 높게 나타났다. 각 비타민 투여군은 노화군에 비해 수치가 현저히 감소하였는데, Ovx+Vit C 군의 경우는 94%정도의 억제율을 보였다. HDL-cholesterol은 노화군(Ovx)이 정상군(Sham)에 비해 36.7% 감소하였다. 각 비타민 투여로 HDL-cholesterol 함량이 좋은 수준으로 증가되었고, Ovx+Vit Erns은 노화군보다 2.52배 높게 나타났다. 동맥경화지수도 Ovx+Vit E 군이 아주 낮게 나타났다. 3. 간 조직 중 SOD 활성도는 노화군(Ovx)이 정상군(Sham)보다 5.3배 높게 나타났고, 각 비타민 투여로 free radical 생성이 억제되어 항산화효소인 SOD 활성도를 감소시켰다. 간 조직 중 catalase 활성도는 노화군 (Ovx)이 정상군(Sham)보다 1.58배 정도 높게 나타났는데, 각 비타민 투여로 catalase 활성도가 낮아졌 고, Ovx+Vit E 군은 탁월한 감소 효과를 보였다. 4. 간 조직 중 총 glutathion의 활성도는 정상군 (Sham)이 노화군(Ovx)에 비해 1.22배 정도 높게 나타났고, 각 비타민 투여군 중 Ovx+Vit Erns의 경우 간 조직 중 총 glutathionfid이 가장 높게 나타났다. 간조직 중 reduced-glutathion (GSH)함량과 총 glutathion 량에 대한 oxidized-glutathion (GSSG)의 비율, 또한 Ovx+Vit E 군의 수치가 가장 높게 나 타났다. Vit E가 항산화에 좋은 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나, GPx의 활성 수치는 그 다지 유의 한 변화를 나타내지는 않았다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.222-227
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• 2001

The production results of the oriental functional beverage, which is aimed at reducing the alcohol concentration in blood, are as follows. Different kinds of herb medicine ingredients were combined to achieve the balance between Yin And Yang. They were grouped according to their respective characteristics and extracted by heat, Then they were combined and produced following the most effective mixture ratio. The drink produced by this way consisted mainly of water, Sugar, mineral, protein and fiber were partially contained. Among the minerals, the proportion of calcium, potassium, magnesium was high and iron was also contained. This drink turned out to be effective in reducing the alcohol concentration in blood within a very short time when it was taken once after drinking and taken aging 30 minutes later, which would double the dosage. This result shows that development of such a functional beverage using the herbal medicine, At the same time it will play an important part in reducing the alcohol concentrate in blood after drinking liquors.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.488-492
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the influcence of various dietary fiber sources in Korea for activities of bacterial enzymes (${\beta}$-glucosidase, ${\beta}$-glucuronidase) and amounts of putrefactive product (indole) in aged rats. ${\beta}$-Glucosidase activity in the intestinal content was significantly lower in the seamustard 15% group than in other groups whereas the activity of ${\beta}$-glucuronidase was higher in the mugwort 15% group than other experimental groups. The amount of indole and pH in the intestinal content of aged rats were significantly lower in mugwort groups than in other groups.