• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.98-98
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• 2017

Leaf senescence is the process of aging in plants. Chlorophyll degradation during leaf senescence has the important role translocating nutrients from leaves to storage organs. The functional stay-green with slow leaf yellowing and photosynthesis activity maintenance has been considered one of strategy for increasing crop productivity. Here, we have identified two QTLs on chromosome 9 and 10 for leaf senescence with chlorophyll content of RIL population derived from a cross between Hanareum 2, early leaf senescence Indica-type variety, and Unkwang, delayed leaf senescence Japonica variety. Among these QTLs, we chose qPLS1 QTL on chromosome 9 for further study. qPLS1 was found to explain 14.4% of the total phenotypic variation with 11.2 of LOD score. Through fine-mapping approach, qPLS1 QTL locus was narrowed down to about 25kb in the marker interval between In/del-4-7-9 and In/del-5-9-4. There are 3 genes existed within 25kb of qPLS1 locus: LOC_Os09g36200, LOC_Os09g36210, and LOC_Os09g36220. Among these genes, transcript level of LOC_Os09g36200 was increased during the leaf senescence stage and the expression level of LOC_Os09g36200 in Indica was higher than in Japonica. Finally, we chose LOC_Os09g36200 as candidate gene and renamed it as OsPLS1-In and OsPLS1-Jp from Indica- and Japonica-type rice, respectively. OsPLS1-In and OsPLS1-Jp overexpressing transgenic plants showed both early leaf senescence phenotype. These results indicate that OsPLS1 functions in chlorophyll degradation and the difference of expression level of OsPLS1 cause the difference of leaf senescence between Indica and Japonica in rice.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.234-245
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• 2003

Most of the concrete bridge structures are exposed to damage due to the excessive traffic loading and the aging of the structure. The damage of concrete causes the further deterioration of the function in the concrete structure due to corrosion of the reinforced bars and decohesion between the concrete and the reinforced bar. The quick rehabilitation of the damaged concrete structures has become of great importance in the concrete structural system in order to avoid the further deterioration of the structures. Recently fiber sheets are used for strengthening the damaged concrete structures due to its many advantages such as its durability, non-corrosive nature, low weight, ease of application, cost saving, control of crack propagation, strength to thickness ratio, high tensile strength, serviceability and aesthetic. However, the lack of analytical procedures for assessing the nominal moment capacity by the fiber sheet reinforcement leads to difficulties in the effective process of decisions of the factors in the strengthening procedure. In this work, flexural strengthening effects by fiber sheets bonded on bottom face of the member are studied for the reinforced concrete T beam. In addition, auxiliary flexural strengthening effects by U-type fiber sheets bonded on bottom and side faces of the member to prevent delamination of the bottom fiber sheet are theoretically investigated. The analytical solutions are compared with experimental results of several references to verify the proposed approach. It is shown that the good agreements between the predicted results and experimental data are obtained.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.132-139
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• 2016

The progressive attrition of teeth is a normal process by aging. However, excessive tooth wear with decreased vertical dimension of occlusion and collapse of occlusal plane may cause pathologic pulpal condition, occlusal disharmony, functional disorders and esthetic problems. The change of vertical dimension is required in case that there is no sufficient clearance for restoration or in case that the occlusal relationship is modified. For gaining the vertical dimension, a careful diagnosis is essential prior to starting the restoration treatment. After evaluating adaptation of neuromuscular system of patient during provisional phase, the final restorations can be fabricated. In this case, a 78 year old male with severely worn down dentition was treated. To improve the esthetic appearance and to achieve the ideal occlusal relationship, the full mouth rehabilitation with minimal increase of vertical dimension is planned and diagnostic wax-up was performed at the increased vertical dimension. After evaluation of provisional restorations for 12 weeks, final restorations were fabricated and routine clinical assessments were made. After 1 year, the restorations with newly established occlusal scheme are well maintained without significant complications and esthetically and functionally satisfactory results were obtained.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.690-705
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• 2000

This ethnography was based on Kleinman's explanatory model of a health care system. It is conducted to make thick discription of illness conception of the elderly in a sociocultural context. The basic assumptions were as follows. 1) A health care system is a cultural system, and as with any other cultural system, it is a system of symbolic meanings anchored in a particular arrangement of social institutions and patterns of interpersonal relationships; 2) In all societies health care activities are more or less interrelated. Therefore, they need to be in a holistic manner as socially organized responses to disease that constitute a special cultural system; health care system; 3) Health and illness experiences are the natural process of disease. Individuals who recognized a for state of health, their family, neighbors, and communities define the state, search for causes of the health problems, and response to it. According by, they proceed to search for healing stratagies. So, understanding of the illness experience is the starting point for health care. The study participants were 12 elders aged 60 or more. The fieldwork was conducted in an agricultural clan village of Namwon city. The data collection and analysis were cyclic, from descriptive observation, domain analysis, focused observation, taxanomic analysis, selected observation, componential analysis, and finally cultural themes were all analysed. Proxemic and text analysis techniques were used according to the characteristics of the data. The data of sociocultural context and descriptive data were collected from 1990 to 1992. Informations on illness concepts were collected during 1994 using focused observation. Data confirming and contrast observations were conducted from 1997 and 1999. Illness concepts of the elderly were taxonomized supernatural cause, non-supernatural cause, immediate cause, and ultimate cause. The supernatural ones were ancestors, god of home, god of village, and ghost such as 'sal(evil force of dead man)' and 'gagqui(ghost of begger)'. The non-supernatural ones were Ki, natural phenomenones, natural objects, foods, human and human behaviors. Immediate ones were insufficiency and overflows, discretion and consolidation, disorder and out of order, cloudness and contamination, and fluctuation and stagnation of supernatural cause and non-supernatural ones. Ultimate causes were intrusion and loss of supernatural and nonsupernatural ones. The cultural themes of illness concepts of the elderly are: 1) illness concepts are not based on causality principle, but on reciprocal principle; 2) illness concepts are affected by social level and charicteristics of the patients; 3) the causes of disease are recognized as imposed both positive and negative effects on health based on interpretation of the indiviuals; 4) illness concepts reflects on principles of everyday life of the society members such as hierachial structure and group cohesiveness; 5) illness concepts are ruled on principle of reciprocity and spread; 6) illness concepts are interrelated with physical environment of the participants. It can be concluded that the illness concepts of the elderly in a traditional clan village are a component of health care system as a cultural system based on these results. The these results can be a useful basis for gerontological nursing practice and education.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.429-436
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• 2016

Because of the shortage of construction workers due to The rising labor costs and an aging labor force, construction time has been extended. As a solution, The construction time of high-rise buildings can be reduced by adopting precast concrete construction methods. Most relevant studies have focused on the development and structural analysis of such methods and not on their construction management. Therefore, this study focused on the construction management of the hollow precast concrete column (HPC) method. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of HPC formulations through the analytic hierarchy process and benefit-cost analysis. After a gap analysis of the available literature and expert interviews, the evaluation criteria were selected. A questionnaire survey was administered to professionals with ample experience in precast concrete construction for the pair-wise evaluation of the benefit and costs of the HPC method. The results show that the benefits of the HPC method outweighed its costs. Therefore, the HPC method is a suitable substitute for the half-slab method.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.419-427
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to recycle steel slag generated from the iron producing process and to use steel slag as a construction material which is currently landfilled Steel slag is subjected to aging treatment due to the problem of expansion and collapse when it reacts with water. The Slag Atomizing Technology (SAT) method developed to solve these problems of expanding collapse of steel slag. In this study, experimental study on the emergency repair mortar using the reducing slag, electric arc furnace slag and silicon manganese slag manufactured by the SAT method is Reduced slag was shown an accelerated hydration when it was replaced with rapidly-setting cement, and the rate of substitution was equivalent to 15%. It is shown that the electric furnace oxide slag is equivalent to 100% of the natural aggregate, and it can be replaced by 15-30% when the silicon manganic slag is substituted for the electric furnace oxide slag. With the above formulation, it was possible to design the rapidly repair mortar for road use. These recycling slags can contribute on achieving sustainability of construction industry by reducing the use of cement and natural aggregates and by reducing the generation of carbon dioxide and recycling waste slag.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.190-198
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• 2020

For domestic urban railways, which have a 19.7% aging rate, a performance evaluation is necessary to establish capital improvement investment plans. The performance evaluation, which was recently enacted in the relevant law, points out the excessive time and effort for acquiring data and evaluation. This study developed a performance evaluation simulation prototype using a virtual reality (VR) method to use as training contents for railway performance evaluations. The practical use of the VR technique to reduce the working time under poor environment conditions was confirmed through a literature review. A survey and consultation were conducted for urban railway experts to determine the weight of the performance evaluation items and the facility breakdown structure. This information was utilized to develop performance evaluation sheets for simulation. Based on the evaluation sheet, a training content prototype that evaluates the performance of platform safety doors was developed using VR techniques with HTC VIVE equipment. VR simulation tests were conducted for six players, and the prototype was sufficiently advantageous for a visual confirmation of the facility information. The result is expected to be useful for engineers to understand the performance evaluation process efficiently before an actual performance evaluation of urban railway facilities.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 1998

Defining prediction variables related to metamemory for the adults in aging process has worthwhile meaning from the perspective that the produced results can be helpful to reducing the difficulty of memorizing efforts and it can also enhance quality of life of aged. This study attempted to analysis relationship between perceived health status, depression, memory self-efficacy and meta memory for the subjects of middle age and old age adults. This study was designed by adopting descriptive correlational analysis method for the 468 middle and old age adults who are living in Seoul. Samples were selected by convenience sampling. Data collection was done over 1 month period in june 1998. The instruments used in this study were health status measuring scale including depression measuring scale, memory self efficacy measuring scale and metamemory measuring scale which were verified for reliability. Data collected were analized by using SPSS for frequency, Peason correlation, t-test and ANOVA according to the variables character and the study purposes. Results of the study were as follows. 1. Relationship between perceived health status, depression, memory self-efficacy and metamemory. Relational analyses between perceived health status, depression, memory self-efficacy and metamemory supported the hypotheses of 1st, 2nd and 3rd(p < .01). These results suggested that the aged perceived great health status then their memory self-efficacy, and metamemory showed the high scores. In the case of depression when its level became decreased metamemory was inclined to increased. Thus, it is identified that strong relationship exists between these variables. 2. Perceived health status, depression, memory self-efficacy by subject's general characteristics. Scores of perceived health status were high in the group of man compared to the group of women, and also highly educated group showed great perceived health status. Group of persons having occupation showed high score of perceived health status and low depression score. The score of memory self-efficacy and metamemory showed higher in the middle aged than the old aged. The high scores of memory self-efficacy and metamemory were found in the group of highly educated people and who have continuing education. The high scores of memory self-efficacy were found in the group of persons having their job and high metamemory scores found in the group of persons having religion. In summary, the greater perceived health status and memory self-efficacy, the more metamemory scores were likely increased and the more depression level was decreased, the more metamemory was likely increased. Also it was found that general characteristics like educational level, continuing education and religion influenced the metamemory of the aged. Therefore, prevention the aged from getting depression and activation of health promotion are needed to delay time of memory loss.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1202-1209
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• 2008

Peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$), superoxide anion radical (${\cdot}\;{O_2}^-$) and nitric oxide (NO) are cytotoxic because they can oxidize several cellular components such as proteins, lipids and DNA. They have been implicated in the aging processes, and age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, diabetes, obesity and atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Ojunghwan on the generation of peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$), nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion radical (${\cdot}\;{O_2}^-$), and on the expression of $NF-{\kappa}B$-dependent inflammatory proteins in ob/ob mice. Mice were grouped and treated for 5 weeks as follows. Both the normal lean (C57/BL6J black mice) and control obese (ob/ob mice) groups have received the standard chow. The experimental groups were fed with a diet of chow supplemented with 30 and 90 mg Ojung-hwan per 1 kg of body weight for 14 days. For this study, the fluorescent probes, namely 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA), 4,5-diaminofluorescein (DAF-2) and dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR 123) were used. Western blot was performed using anti-phospho $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$, $anti-IKK-{\alpha}$, $anti-NF-{\kappa}B$ (p50, p65), anti-COX-2, anti-iNOS, anti-VCAM-1 and anti-MMP-9 antibodies, respectively. Ojunghwan inhibited the generation of $ONOO^-$, NO and ${\cdot}\;{O_2}^-$ in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mouse kidney postmitochondrial fraction in vitro. The generation of $ONOO^-$, NO, ${\cdot}\;{O_2}^-$ and $PGE_2$ were inhibited in the Ojunghwan-administered ob/ob mice groups. The GSH/GSSG ratio was decreased in the ob/ob mice, whereas that were improved in the Ojunghwan-administered groups. Ojunghwan inhibited the expression of $phospho-I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$, $IKK-{\alpha}$, $NF-{\kappa}B$ (p50, p65), COX-2, iNOS, VCAM-1 and MMP-9 genes. These results suggest that Ojunghwan is an effective scavenger of $ONOO^-$, ${\cdot}\;{O_2}^-$, NO and $PGE_2$, and has an inhibitory effect on the expression of $NF-{\kappa}B$-dependent inflammatory genes in ob/ob mice. Therefore, Ojunghwan might be used as a potential therapeutic drug against the inflammation process and inflammation- related diseases.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.192-200
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• 2017

Skin aging is a complex biological process due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Free radical oxidative is one of extrinsic factors that induce activation of collagenase, elastase and hyaluronidase. Natural product from plants has been used as antioxidant and antiaging. This study aimed to evaluate antioxidant and antiaging properties of Hibiscus sabdariffa extract (HSE) and its compounds including myricetin, ascorbic acid, and ${\beta}$ carotene. The phytochemical of H. sabdariffa was determined using modified Farnsworth method and presence of phenols, flavonoids and tannins were in moderate content, whereas triterpenoids and alkaloids were in low content. Total phenolic content performed using Folin-Ciocalteu method, was $23.85{\mu}gGAE/mg$. Quantitative analysis of myricetin, ${\beta}-carotene$, and ascorbic acid of HSE was performed with Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) that shows $78.23{\mu}g/mg$ myricetin, $0.034{\mu}g/mg$ ${\beta}-carotene$, whilst ascorbic acid was not detected. HSE has lower activity on DPPH ($IC_{50}=195.73{\mu}g/mL$) compared to ${\beta}-carotene$, the lowest in ABTS assay ($IC_{50}=74.58{\mu}g/mL$) and low activity in FRAP assay ($46.24{\mu}MFe(II)/{\mu}g\;$) compared to myricetin, ${\beta}-carotene$. Antiaging was measured through inhibitory activity of collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase. HSE had weakest collagenase inhibitory activity ($IC_{50}=750.33{\mu}g/mL$), elastase inhibitory activity ($103.83{\mu}g/mL$), hyaluronidase inhibitory activity ($IC_{50}=619.43{\mu}g/mL$) compared to myricetin, ${\beta}-carotene$, and ascorbic acid. HSE contain higher myricetin compared to ${\beta}-carotene$. HSE has moderate antioxidants and lowest antiaging activities. Myricetin is the most active both antioxidant and antiaging activities.