• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.291-297
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• 2021

Codonopsis lanceolata, called deodeok in Korean, has been verified for various effects, including anti-aging and anti-inflammatory effects and insomnia improvement, and is one of the healthy foods that Koreans enjoy eating. In this study, the saponin content, lansemaside A content, and total saponin content of deodeok were analyzed using high-pressure sterilization and solid fermentation by mixed lactic acid bacteria. The antioxidant effect was compared to determine improved processing methods of deodeok. The lansemaside A content of deodeok samples depending on the preprocessing methods was analyzed: 2,594.10 mg/kg for dried deodeok, 2,100.93 mg/kg for steamed deodeok, and 1,151.31mg/kg for fermented deodeok. The total saponin content was found to be 7,209 mg/kg for dried deodeok and 8,605 mg/kg for steamed deodeok, showing a high saponin content. The total polyphenol content was highest for dried deodeok, steamed deodeok, and fermented deodeok. As for the antioxidant effect, it was analyzed that the effect of dried deodeok was the highest, followed by steamed deodeok and fermented deodeok; Dried deodeok had the highest value in total polyphenol content, not in total saponin content, which is considered to have a positive influence on its antioxidant effect. The content of lansemaside A was the highest for dried deodeok. When fermented deodeok is consumed, more beneficial effects on health can be expected by ingesting it with lactic acid bacteria cultured using saponins and polyphenols. Therefore, this study suggests the possibility of manufacturing products suitable for the needs of consumers, such as the flavor of deodeok, according to the processing methods.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.338-351
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• 2003

UV radiation is the most dangerous stress factor among permanent environmental impacts on human skin. Consequences of UV exposure are aberrant tissue architecture, alterations in skin cells including functional changes. Nowadays new kinds of outdoor leisure-time activities and changing environmental conditions make the question of sun protection more important than ever. It is necessary to recognize that self-confident consumers do not consider to change their way of life, they demand modern solutions on the basis of new scientific developments. In the past one fundamental principle of cosmetics was the use of physical and organic filter systems against damaging UV-rays. Today new research results demonstrate that natural protecting cell mechanisms can be activated. Suitable biological actives strongly support the protection function not from the surface but from the inside of the cell. A soy seed preparation (SSP) was proven to stimulate natural skin protective functions. The major functions are an increased energy level and the prevention of DNA damage. These functions can I be defined as biological UV protection. The tumor suppressor protein p53 plays a key role in the regulation of DNA repair. p53 must be transferred into the phosphorylated form to work as transcription factor for genes which are regulating the cell cycle or organizing DNA repair. A pretreatment with SSP increases the phosphorylation rate of p53 of chronically UV-irradiated human keratinocytes significantly. According to the same test procedure SSP induces a dramatic increase in the expression of the tumor suppressor protein p14$^{ARF}$ that is supporting the p53 activity by blocking the antagonist of p53, the oncoprotein Mdm2. Mdm2, a ubiquitin E3-ligase, downregulates p53 and at the same time it prevents phosphorylation of p53. The positive influence of the tumor suppressor proteins explains the stimulation of DNA repair and prevention of sunburn cell formation by SSP, which was proven in cell culture experiments. In vivo the increased skin tolerance against UV irradiation by SSP could be confirmed too. We have assumed, that an increased repair potential provides full cell functionality.y.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.363-373
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• 2023

Numerous studies have established a correlation between sociodemographic characteristics and water usage, identifying population as a primary independent variable in mid- to long-term demand forecasting. Recent dramatic sociodemographic changes, including urban concentration-rural depopulation, low birth rates-aging population, and the rise in single-person households, are expected to impact water demand and supply patterns. This underscores the necessity for operational and managerial changes in existing water supply systems. While sociodemographic characteristics are regularly surveyed, the conducted surveys use aggregate units that do not align with the actual system. Consequently, many water demand forecasts have been conducted at the administrative district level without adequately considering the water supply system. This study presents an upward water demand forecasting model that accurately reflects real water facilities and consumers. The model comprises three key steps. Firstly, Statistics Korea's SGIS (Statistical Geological Information System) data was reorganized at the DMA level. Secondly, DMAs were classified using the SOM (Self-Organizing Map) algorithm to consider differences in water facilities and consumer characteristics. Lastly, water demand forecasting employed the PCR (Principal Component Regression) method to address multicollinearity and overfitting issues. The performance evaluation of this model was conducted for DMAs classified as rural areas due to the insufficient number of DMAs. The estimation results indicate that the correlation coefficients exceeded 0.9, and the MAPE remained within approximately 10% for the test dataset. This method is expected to be useful for reorganization plans, such as the expansion and contraction of existing facilities.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.179-189
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• 2024

This study aims to explore the influence of product popularity signals on purchase intention in China's open market, with a focus on understanding the interaction effect of fashion product types. The popularity signals were measured through sales volume and review volume. For the experiment, a 2 (sales volume: high vs low) × 2 (review volume: high vs low) × 2 (fashion product type: trend vs basic) factorial design was employed. The findings of this study are summarized as follows. First, sales volume and review volume, as signals of the popularity of fashion products, did not appear to have a direct effect on purchase intention. Second, the impact of fashion product popularity on purchase intention was found to be contingent on the type of fashion product. When purchasing trendy fashion products, purchase intention was found to be higher under low popularity conditions compared to high popularity conditions. When purchasing basic fashion products, purchase intention was found to be higher under high popularity conditions compared to low popularity conditions. These findings contribute valuable insights for developing marketing strategies that leverage popularity signals for fashion products in China's open markets. Furthermore, the study improves understanding of online fashion product purchasing behavior among Chinese consumers.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2016

Objectives : This study is to research on usage patterns, recognition of system to Korean medicine among high school students who are the potential future medical consumer. Methods : Based on the questionnaire used by KIHASA(Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs) in 2011 and KHIDI(Korea Health Industry Development Institute) in 2014, modifications were made to make questionnaire more suitable for this research. This self-administered questionnaire was conducted among 1,025 highschool students of 3 high schools in Ulsan city on september, 2015. Except 19 cases which considered statistically insignificant or with unreliable responses, 1,007 cases were analyzed by p-paired test and ANOVA test through the SPSS 22.0 for Win program. Results : Most of the high school students(66.5%) do not have an experience on Korean medical care. The number of students' first experience on Korean medical care is the largest during their elementary school (34.9%), which means the treatment was mostly for restorative reasons like growth care. The later the time of their first experience on Korean medical care, the higher ratio was shown on their recent utilization of Korean medical care. Korean medicine was rarely covered in most cases of public health education at school, and this public health education and usage pattern on Korean medicine have positive correlation. Compared 'Group who have used Korean medical care in 1 years except recent 3 months' to the 'Group who have used Korean medical care in 3 recent months', the former showed higher recognition in Korean medical care and insurance system. Conclusions : The proportion of Korean medicine is as low as 4.5% to whole medical market, and most of the consumers are senior. In addition, the aging phenomenon of Korean medical consumer have been continued. This specialized study on usage patterns and recognition among youth can be the basic research data which can be used for promotion, education and establishment of health policy and health care system.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.121-135
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• 2009

The pattern of liquor consumers started to change as the well-being trend and great interest in health have risen for the last few years. In particular, consumption of wine is gradually increasing with the findings revealing that drinking proper amount of wine is good for preventing various adult diseases such as sclerosis of the arteries, heart disease and aging. Accordingly, this study aims at understanding the importance of wine buyers' choice attributes when buying and drinking wine in order to contribute to satisfying customers, popularizing wine and expanding its base. From December 1 to 31 in 2008, it made a survey on natives and weekly settled population living in Seoul area who had bought wine at a wine retail shop with literature and positive researches. It made an application of SPSS 12.0 to analyze the importance of wine buyers' choice attribution based on the demographical characteristics and use behavior with such analysis methods as the frequency analysis, the factor analysis, the reliability test, ANOVA and multiple regression. The results are summarized as follows. First, it showed that there are significant differences between buying and drinking wine by producing countries, buying places, prices, companions except for the number of drinking times, drinking places, and information sources. Second, it showed that wine buyers' choice attributes such as brand characteristics and effects on health have a positive effect on customer satisfaction.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.5 s.67
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• pp.335-350
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• 2006

Due to the development in industrial technology, changes in consumer behavior and aggravating competition within the industry, it is growing only harder every day to build up a strong brand power. Besides, a brand is supposed to age as time goes by, following a brand life cycle, as it is not a solid, immutable asset but something of a living creature. Therefore, self-renovation and revitalization efforts are needed, in order to incessantly confirm the self existence through the relationship with the consumer. In sum, revitalization operation is needed to renew a brand that has grown trite in the passage of time or due to the change in market condition, so as to bring it back anew to the consumers. This study did not stop at measuring the effect of a design renewal as a short-term assignment, but focused on the long-term brand management following the brand life cycle and aimed to define the effective timing and method of revitalization by comprehending the analysis results of consumer consciousness by analyzing the successful cases of brand revitalization and selecting the research analysis targets. As a result, this study proved that a properly-timed brand revitalization efforts in order to cope in advance with predictable changes in environment, can significantly prevent any drop of brand equity from occurring and then extend the brand life cycle. Also, this study could find that a brand revitalization is not a mere concept of a strategy for a short-term sales increase, but should be a long-term strategy to manage a brand, which must be practiced continuously in the time when the brand life cycle curve starts to fall. This research could also confirm that a superficial design renewal, which changes only the packaging of a brand, peformed in short-term haste, is not of help at all.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.443-450
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• 2016

Korean biopharmaceutical industry is a high value-added industries of the country as a key business strategy of the country. The overseas market is accelerating rapidly due to drug demand according to population aging, new drug R&D investment performance visualization, changes in biopharmaceutical R&D center, strategic foreign technology exports, and the active support of government. Therefore, the domestic pharmaceutical companies also should enhance the competitiveness as global pharmaceutical companies and need to build the image of their own company that can be trusted by consumers. This study compared and analyzed visual characteristics shown in the CI symbol mark and age-specific preferences of domestic pharmaceutical companies recognizing the importance of CI as a marketing tool. As a result, preference for the symbol mark had been shown to be significantly higher preference of the old logotype as the age group is higher being proportional to awareness. In addition, the picture-type symbol mark was totally preferred rather than the word mark. Among the picture-type symbol mark, the form of the nature was strongly preferred rather than abstract form. The company also requires a sense of responsibility for recognizing changes in the mass to the globalization. It is hoped that this study will help to develop symbol mark direction as the basis for the identity strategies to improve the image of domestic pharmaceutical companies with global competitiveness.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.83-90
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• 2015

Purpose - This research aims to understand the different behaviors of consumers according to cognitive age. Specifically, this research is focused on pro-social behavior. Pro-social behavior is defined as behavior benefiting others, rather than behavior benefiting one's self. It often entails individual risk or cost, such as when giving resources to others, waiting in line, asking for or paying a fair price, or risking one's life in battle. Therefore, we sought to understand consumer psychology and cognitive age as a reflection of inner psychology. People frequently perceive themselves as younger or older than their chronological ages. This self-perceived or cognitive age is a subjective age perception independent of actual chronological age. The discrepancy degree between chronological and cognitive age represents how much individuals perceive themselves as younger than they are. This study examines the gap in donation intention based on cognitive age. In order to investigate cognitive age, composed of four sub-categories (feel-age, look-age, do-age, and interest-age), this study explores the differential donation intention based on cognitive age, which determines the relationship between the young age and old age. Research design, data, and methodology - Data research was conducted by gathering 216 survey samples, excluding those with unreliable answers. Data coding and cleaning were used and SPSS 19.0 software for the data analysis. The respondents were categorized into two types, younger cognitive ages and older cognitive ages. Additionally, we analyzed the moderating variables. In particular, we used cognitive age degree and congruency level (cognitive age low vs. cognitive age high) × (congruency close vs. congruency distant) between - subjects design. First, regression was done to verify the difference between chronological age and cognitive age. Second, a t-test was done to verify the difference of cognitive age level in donations. Third, ANOVA (analysis of variance) was done to verify the difference between cognitive age and congruency in donations. Last, ANOVA was done to verify the difference between cognitive age and moral judgments in donations. Result - The results show most respondents perceive themselves as younger than their chronological ages. In particular, older respondents feel they are younger than their actual age. Moreover, the result of the comparison between low degree and high degree groups of cognitive age, show high donations at the higher degree of cognitive age groups. In addition, the closer the distance to the beneficiaries, the higher the donation in high degree cognitive age groups. The higher moral judgment groups also show relatively high contributions in lower degree cognitive age groups. Conclusions - Donations belong to the category of pro-social behavior reflecting an individual's psychological state. Therefore, it is important in understanding cognitive age. This study implies that it is necessary to take into account both cognitive age and chronological age when segmenting donors. Moreover, this study confirmed that there are different factors affecting the motives behind donations. Thus, it may be utilized to create differential donation strategies.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.621-629
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• 2017

According to the rapid population aging and the increase of the number of people with chronic diseases, the digital healthcare services are getting more and more attention. Recent improvement in information technology has expanded the consumers of digital healthcare service from the patients to the general population. Therefore, there is a growing need for studies on the status and needs of digital healthcare users in general. This study conducted a survey of 1,000 people on their perception and attitude about four areas of digital healthcare: internet health information service, smartphone healthcare application, wearable device, and u-health. The questionnaire asked the respondents about their past experience of using digital healthcare services, the purpose of use and point to be improved. The respondents were also asked about new type and contents of digital healthcare service which they would like to use. The survey results will help developers of digital healthcare service by improving their understanding and identifying unmet needs from the general population.