• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.172-184
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• 1998

This study was to examine the characteristics of aggressive behaviour of dementia patients. It was based on the observation of the patients in a facility for dementia patients. Observation continued for two days from 9a.m. to 5p.m .. aggressive behavior was recorded using the instrument of Ryden. The result of this study is as follows. 1. appearance rate of aggressive behaviour During two days $74\%$ of the patients did aggressive behaviour(first day-$41.8\%$. second day-$62.8\%$). The average aggressive behaviour per person was 1.65. 2. types of aggressive behaviour Aggressive behaviour was the most frequent in verbal domain(157 case; $52.5\%$). Physical domain was the second$(136case;\;45.5\%)$, and sexual domain was the last$(6 case;\;2.0\%)$. More concretely, abusive/vulgar language$(74case;\;24.7\%)$ was more than anything else. Aggressive language$(65case;\;21.7\%)$, pushing$(39case;\;13.0\%)$, intimidating posture$(21case;\;7.0\%)$. slapping $(18case;\; 6.0\%)$ followed it. 3. correlation to other factors such as sex. age etc. The average aggressive behaviour of female(2.07) was higher than that of male(1.23) (p=.05). Age also had meaningful correlation to the frequency of aggressive behaviour(p=.04). All the other factors-the period of living in facility, the seriousness of dementia. movements in daily life. CAPE, emotional state. the extent of trouble in cognition- have nothing to do with the frequency of aggressive behaviour. 4. the time, place and the target of aggressive behavior Aggressive behaviour appeared more frequently in the afternoon $(138case;\;46.4\%)$ than in the morning or at lunch time. The patient's room ranked the first in the list of places where aggressive behaviour took place $(162case;\; 54.5\%)$. Nursing personnel topped in the target of aggressive behaviour$(119case;\; 39.8\%)$. 5. the preceding causes of the aggressive behavior the most frequent preceding causes of the behavior was the stimulus of another residents $(133case, 44.4\%)$ and that of nsg personnel was few relatively$(65 cases,\; 21.7\%)$. 6. Nursing personnel used verbal reaction most frequently$(40 cases,\; 51\%)$ and in a behavioral reaction they used physical restraint $(12 cases,\; 17.1\%)$ most frequently. In the reactions of nsg personnel. the rate of undesired reaction was high$(41cases,\; 44.28\%)$. and in that of the attacked residents, the usual reaction was most frequent $(80cases,\; 65.0\%)$. In the future it is needed to investigate the characteristics of aggressive behavior of dementia patients, and based on this the method of intervention must be developed. Today the number of dementia patient increases so nurses must strive to encounter aggressive behavior more desirably.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2022

This study examines teachers' implementation of strategies to modify the aggressive behavior of students with intellectual disabilities in Saudi Arabia, to determine the obstacles to their real-world execution. In addition, it presents potential approaches to overcome the obstacles to implementing strategies with this group of students. The research employed a qualitative design using semi-structured interviews as a data collection tool and applied a thematic analysis. The study population comprised 35 teachers of students with intellectual disabilities and the study sample numbered six teachers. The interviews were conducted via different methods: three by phone, two face-to face, and one using the Zoom platform. The results revealed inadequate understanding among teachers of intellectual disability and behaviour modification strategies, and this affected their capacity to develop plans that were compatible with the needs of students with intellectual disability. The findings also identified multiple obstacles that impede teachers' implementation of strategies to modify aggressive behaviour among students with intellectual disabilities; the most important being the lack of input from a psychological specialist when developing programs to modify aggressive behaviour. In general, it is apparent that programs for modifying aggressive behaviour are neither structured nor complementary, due to the scarcity of administrators with sufficient knowledge and familiarity with the characteristics and personalities of students with intellectual disabilities. This study presents several recommendations, the most important of which is that teachers of students with intellectual disability should develop themselves through training courses to enable them to deal with these students and create treatment plans that include strategies and clear steps to modify the aggressive behaviour of students with intellectual disabilities. To support teachers, it is also necessary to remove the obstacles facing education centres by providing financial support to create an environment in which they can access the required devices and equipment in their classes.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2011

This paper presents the potential of in-vehicle data recorder system for monitoring aggressive driving patterns and providing feedback to drivers on their on road behaviour. This system can detect 10 risky types of drivers' driving patterns such as aggressive lane change, sudden brakes and turns with acceleration etc. Vehicle dynamics simulation and vehicle road test have been performed in order to develop driving pattern recognition algorithms. Recorder systems are installed to 50 buses in a single company. Drivers' driving behaviour are monitored for 1 month. The drivers' risky driving data collected by the system are analyzed. Aggressive lane change in 50km/h below is a cause in overwhelming majority of risky driving pattern.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.117-143
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• 2017

The attack of environmental aggressive agents progressively reduces the structural reliability of buildings and infrastructures and, in the worst exposition conditions, may even lead to their collapse in the long period. A change in the material and sectional characteristics of a structural element, due to the environmental damaging effects, changes its mechanical behaviour and varies both the internal stress redistribution and the kinematics through which it reaches its ultimate state. To identify such a behaviour, the evolution of both the damaging process and its mechanical consequences have to be taken into account. This paper presents a computational approach for the analysis of reinforced and prestressed concrete elements under sustained loading conditions and subjected to given damaging scenarios. The effects of the diffusion of aggressive agents, of the onset and development of the corrosion state in the reinforcement and the corresponding mechanical response are studied. As known, the corrosion on the reinforcing bars influences the damaging rate in the cracking pattern evolution; hence, the damage development and the mechanical behaviours are considered as coupled phenomena. The reliability of such an approach is validated in modelling the diffusion of the aggressive agents and the changes in the mechanical response of simple structural elements whose experimental behaviour is reported in Literature. A second set of analyses studies the effects of the corrosion of the tendons of a P.C. beam and explores potentially unexpected structural responses caused by corrosion under different aggressive exposition. The role of the different types and of the different positions of the damaging agents is discussed. In particular, it is shown how the collapse mode of the beam may switch from flexural to shear type, in case corrosion is caused by a localized chloride attack in the shear span.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.137-144
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• 1995

두당 돈방면적과 돈군의 크기 등 돼지의 사육환경 조건이 자돈의 성장과 행동에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 이유후부터 체중 30kg까지의 자돈을 총 18돈방에 300두를 공시하여 시험하였다. 사료급여는 습식급여로 하였으며 두당 돈방 면적은 0.18$m^2$, 0.23$m^2$ 및 0.30$m^2$로 하였고 돈군의 크기는 돈방당 15두, 20두 및 25두로 하였다. 일당증체량, 일당사료섭취량 및 사료요구율을 조사하였으며 자돈의 행동을 휴식, 섭취, 공격, 사회성 및 유희행동으로 나누어 조사분석하였으며 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 두당 돈방면적이 0.18$m^2$의 경우 사료섭취량은 많았으나(p<0.01) 증체량은 차이가 없고, 사료효율은 낮으므로(p<0.05) 두당 0.23$m^2$의 경우가 최적인 것으로 나타났다. 2. 돈군의 크기에 따른 자돈의 증체나 사료효율에는 차이가 없었으며 사료섭취량은 15두군이 가장 많았다(p<0.01). 3. 자돈의 두당 돈방면적은 행동에 크게 영향을 미치며 두당 돈방면적이 좁을수록 공격행동이 증가되었고, 휴식, 사회성 및 유희행동은 감소되었다(p<0.01). 4. 돈군의 크기는 자돈의 행동에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았으나, 유희행동은 돈군이 커질수록 감소되었다(p<0.01). 5. 자돈의 성장과 행동면에서 두당 0.23$m^2$의 돈방면적을 부여하고 20~25두 크기로 돈군을 유지하는 것이 최적인 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6289-6292
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• 2015

Purpose: To determine the biological behaviour of common odontogenic cystic lesions by analysing and comparing bcl-2 expression amongst them. Materials and Methods: Our study covered 90 formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue samples: 26 primary cases each of radicular cysts (RC), dentigerous cysts (DC) and odontogenic keratocysts (OKC) and 12 of recurrent OKCs. Bcl-2 expression was analysed immunohistochemically and data analysis was accomplished using SPSS version 17.0. Means were taken for age while for gender and site of the lesions frequencies and percentages were determined. The Chi-square test was applied to evaluate any statistically significant difference of bcl-2 expression in these lesions and p value of ${\leq}0.05$ was taken as significant. Results: All the recurrent OKCs showed a strong positivity for bcl-2 that was absent in all of its primary cases (p value<0.05). Although variation in expression of bcl-2 was not found to be statistically significant between RC and DC, however, it became significant when all primary cases of these common odontogenic lesions were compared. Conclusions: Recurrent OKC showed comparatively a more aggressive behaviour than their primary counterparts and also from RC and DC. Bcl-2 proved to be a valuable adjunct in determining aggressive biological behaviour of odontogenic lesions.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.163-167
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• 1999

한국산 잔가시고기의 텃세 행동에 관한 특성을 연구하기 위해 1996년 3월 강원도 영동 지역의 사천천에서 본 종을 채집하였다. 채집된 개체는 아이스박스에 넣어 실험실로 운반하여 수조를 설치하고 사육하며 관찰하였다. 이들은 수조내 환경에 잘 적응하여 사육이 용이했다. 텃세권을 형성하기 전에는 보호색을 띠고 무리를 지어 이동하는 특성을 나타냈다. 그러나 생식기간에 도달하면 혼인색(흑색)을 띠고 수초를 중심으로 둥지를 짓고 텃세권을 형성했다. 이때 수초 구역과 수조의 바닥 쪽을 선호하는 경향을 나타냈다. 수컷들은 수초가 있는 장소를 확보하여 둥지를 짓기 위한 경쟁(싸움)이 치열했다. 개체의 전장이 클수록 텃세권의 확보가 우세했다. 생식기간에 수컷의 텃세권 변화는 치어의 부화와 확산에 따라 텃세권이 확장되었다. 이때 타개체에 대한 공격 성향이 절정에 이르며, 최대의 텃세권을 형성하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.1204-1210
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• 2014

The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of feeding fibrous diets on growth performance and occurrence of aggressive behaviours in growing pigs. Sixty healthy castrated pigs (initial body weight: $46.7{\pm}4.35$ kg) were used. A basal diet was diluted with maize cobs to two levels (0 and 160 g/kg dry matter). Behavioural activities were observed using video cameras for three weeks, 8 h/d starting at 0800 h. Pigs subjected to control diet gained more weight compared to pigs receiving fibrous diet in week 1 (0.47 vs 0.15 kg, respectively) and 2 (1.37 vs 1.04, respectively) (p<0.05). Average daily gain was not affected by treatment diet in the third week. Pigs on high fibrous spent more time eating, lying down, standing, walking and fighting (p<0.05) compared to pigs on control diet. Time spent eating increased as the weeks progressed whilst time spent lying down decreased. Time of day had an effect on time spent on different behavioural activities exhibited by all pigs on different treatment diet (p<0.05). Inactivity was greatest in 5th (1200 to 1300 h) hour of the day for all the pigs on different dietary treatments. Skin lesions appeared the most on neck and shoulder region followed by chest, stomach and hind leg region, and finally head region (p<0.05). Pigs on high fibre diet had more skin lesions in all body regions compared to pigs on control diet (p<0.05). It can be concluded that the high fibrous diet with maize cobs did not affect growth performance and also did not reduce aggressive behaviours. Aggressive behaviours emanated out of frustration when queuing on the feeder. The findings of this study suggest that maize cobs can be included at a level of 160 g/kg in diets of pigs. However, to reduce the level of aggression more feeding space should be provided.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.145-153
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• 1995

두당돈방면적과 돈군의 크기 등 비기후적 환경요인이 육성돈의 생산과 각종 행동유형에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 체중 30kg부터 60kg까지의 육성돈을 18돈방에 총 270두를 공시하여 시험하였다. 두당돈방면적을 0.33$m^2$, 0.44$m^2$ 및 0.66$m^2$로 설정하였고 돈군의 크기는 12두, 15두 및 18두로 하였다. 증체량, 사료섭취량, 사료요구율 및 휴식, 채식, 공격, 사회성, 유희행동 등의 각종 행동유형을 조사하였으며 각 조사항목에 대하여 요인별로 주요인 효과와 자 요인들간의 상호작용 효과를 분석하였으며 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 두당 돈방면적을 0.44$m^2$로 한 것이 육성돈의 증체 및 사료요구율(p<0.01)면에서 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 2. 돈군의 크기에 따라서는 15두군이 12두와 18두군에 비하여 증체와 사료요구율이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 3. 육성돈의 행동에 대한 두당돈방면적의 효과는 두당돈방면적이 좁아지면 휴식행동과 비공격적 사회성 친화 행동이 감소되나 섭취행동과 공격행동은 그 빈도가 증가되었다(p<0.01). 4. 돈군의 크기는 육성돈의 행동에 크게 영향을 미치고 있으며 돈군의 크기가 커질수록 육성돈의 공격행동과 섭취행동은 증가되나 휴식행동은 감소되었다(p<0.01). 5. 육성돈의 생산과 행동면에서 두당 0.44$m^2$로 하고 돈군의 크기는 15두로 하는 것이 최적조건인 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1496-1503
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of municipal abattoir conditions and animal factors on avoidance-related behaviour (AB) of sheep at slaughter, bleeding times (BT) and mutton quality. The behaviour of 66 castrates and 19 ewes of different age categories was observed at three stages of slaughter. Higher behaviour scores indicated higher levels of AB. Time intervals between the start of blood flow and the time the flow changed from a constant stream into drips were recorded as BT. Thirty two meat samples were obtained to measure quality variables. These were colour ($L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$), $pH_{24}$, temperature, cooking loss (CL) and tenderness. Correlations were determined between BT and meat quality variables. Animal behaviour at slaughter differed with breed, gender and age group. Avoidance behaviour was higher in the Dorper breed than in both the Merino breed and their crosses. It was also higher in younger (<10 months) lambs than in older sheep. Castrates were more aggressive or in panic than ewes. Castrates had longer ($72.6{\pm}0.53s$) BT than the ewes ($63.6{\pm}2.82s$). Ewes had higher CL ($39.8{\pm}1.04%$) values than castrates ($35.1{\pm}0.95%$). Meat from castrates was tougher ($32.6{\pm}1.95N$) than the meat from ewes ($24.3{\pm}1.16N$). There were no significant correlations obtained between BT and meat quality variables. It can therefore be concluded that abattoir conditions, breed, age and gender had an effect on AB at slaughter. Gender had an effect on BT and mutton quality.