• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.435-444
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• 2012

기준재령 염소이온 확산계수를 측정하기 위하여 고성능 콘크리트 배합을 선정하고 공시체를 제작하였다. 배합은 해양환경에 건설되는 교량에 적합하도록 선정되었으며 배합설계 변수는 결합재 종류, 물-결합재비, 광물질 혼화재 치환율, 잔골재 종류, 고강도 및 고유동성을 얻기 위한 화학 혼화제 종류, 목표 슬럼프 또는 슬럼프 플로우이다. 시험 결과로부터 기준재령 염소이온 확산계수는 결합재 종류와 그 치환율에 따라 크게 다름을 확인하고, 결합재 종류와 치환율을 고려한 기준재령 확산계수 모델을 개발하였다. 개발된 모델의 확산계수를 기존 모델의 확산계수 및 추가 확산 계수 측정시험 결과 비교하여 개발된 모델의 타당성을 확인하였다.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제49권9호
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• pp.225-234
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• 2012

센서들이 동적으로 운용되는 무선네트워크 환경에서는 비용을 줄이고 신뢰성 있는 네트워크를 구축하는 것이 무엇보다 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 네트워크 수명을 연장하기 위해 노드들이 수행하는 작업을 다수의 노드에게 분담하는 계층구조 기반의 에너지 인지형 네트워크 구성과 라우팅 기법을 제안한다. 이는 궁극적으로 노드들이 공평하게 에너지를 소모하기 위함이다. 노드들의 계층 구조에서 싱크노드는 일단의 게이트웨이 노드를 선정한다. 선정된 게이트웨이 노드는 각각의 클러스터 안에서 클러스터 헤드를 선정함으로써 논리적 클러스터를 구성한다. 클러스터 헤드는 감지 센서들로부터 데이터를 수집하고, 수집된 데이터는 게이트웨이 노드를 통해 싱크노드로 전달된다. 실험결과 제안한 네트워크 구조는 에너지 소모의 원천을 감소시키고, 효율적으로 데이터를 전달하는 기반이 되고 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.379-385
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• 2013

Although sorghum residue production was estimated to be $8{\sim}10Mg\;ha^{-1}$, most sorghum straw was used to be burnt or removed after harvest. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of manured sorghum residues on soil physical properties from 2010 to 2012 in the converted paddy field. Five treatment with 3 replication consisted of control, inorganic fertilizer (NPK), manured residues, sorghum stover and sawdust manure. The incorporation level of organic source was $10Mg\;ha^{-1}$ without inorganic fertilizer NPK. The investigated physical parameters were bulk density (BD), porosity, water stability aggregate (WSA), water infiltration rater (WIR), penetration resistance (PR) and soil water retention characteristics (WRC) with soil depth. The incorporation of manured sorghum residues improved WIR significantly over inorganic fertilizer (NPK), sorghum residues and sawdust manure. The BD by incorporating with manured residues on sorghum was reduced significantly with crop residue over plot of NPK and sawdust. Significant increase in WSA was observed with stubble incorporation alone or manured sorghum residues. Soil WRC were significantly enhanced with manured sorghum residue incorporated without NPK. The average PR at 0~15 cm was 0.54 MPa for manured sorghum residues. For sawdust manure plot it was 0.42 MPa, for Sawdust manure plot 0.39 MPa and for NPK plot 0.54 MPa.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.381-388
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• 2016

Background: Relationships among portable scanning mobility particle sizer (P-SMPS), condensation particle counter (CPC), and surface area monitor (SAM), which are different metric measurement devices, were investigated, and two widely used research grade (RG)-SMPSs were compared to harmonize the measurement protocols. Methods: Pearson correlation analysis was performed to compare the relation between P-SMPS, CPC, and SAM and two common RG-SMPS. Results: For laboratory and engineered nanoparticle (ENP) workplaces, correlation among devices showed good relationships. Correlation among devices was fair in unintended nanoparticle (UNP)-emitting workplaces. This is partly explained by the fact that shape of particles was not spherical, although calibration of sampling instruments was performed using spherical particles and the concentration was very high at the UNP workplaces to allow them to aggregate more easily. Chain-like particles were found by scanning electron microscope in UNP workplaces. The CPC or SAM could be used as an alternative instrument instead of SMPS at the ENP-handling workplaces. At the UNP workplaces, where concentration is high, real-time instruments should be used with caution. There are significant differences between the two SMPSs tested. TSI SMPS showed about 20% higher concentration than the Grimm SMPS in all workplaces. Conclusions: For nanoparticle measurement, CPC and SAM might be useful to find source of emission at laboratory and ENP workplaces instead of P-SMPS in the first stage. An SMPS is required to measure with high accuracy. Caution is necessary when comparing data from different nanoparticle measurement devices and RG-SMPSs.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.606-612
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• 1998

A microbial flocculant-producing gram-positive bacterium, strain TE11, was isolated from soil samples, and was identified as Bacillus subtilis by using the Midi system, the Biolog system, 16S rDNA sequence analysis, and some physiological and morphological characteristics. The maximum flocculant capsular biopolymer of TE11 strain (BCP, 4.9mg/ml) was obtained when it was grown in GA broth medium containing 3% glutamic acid, 2% glycerol, 0.5% citric acid, 0.5% $NH_4$Cl, 0.05% $MgSO_4.7H_2O,\; 0.05%\;K_2HPO_4\;,\; and\; 0.004%\; FeC1_3. 6H_2O,\; pH 7.2,\; at\; 30^{\circ}C$ for 70 h with shaking. When glycerol was used as an additional carbon source in the GA medium, TE11 produced only flocculant BCP without any by-product. The flocculant (BCP) was found to aggregate suspended kaolin and activated charcoal powder without cations, and its flocculating activity was significantly enhanced by the addition of bivalent cations such as $Ca^{2＋}.Zn^{2},\; and\; Mn^{2＋}$. The flocculation activity by addition of $Ca^{2+}$ was high in an acidic pH 4.0. In the case of $Zn^{2＋}$, high flocculating activity remained without significant loss in the broad range of pH 4.0 to 9.0.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.389-406
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• 2004

최근 지역 연구의 활성화와 더불어 지역 자료의 중요성이 점점 강조되고 있다. 그런데 실제 이용가능한 지역 자료의 공간단위는 연구 분석을 위한 기능지역 단위와 일치하지 않는 경우가 종종 발생하며, 이로 인해 발생하는 문제를 해결하기 위해 이용가능한 지역 단위 자료를 연구 분석을 위한 공간 단위로 재구성하는 방법이 요구된다. 본 연구는 면적 가중치 내삽법, pycnophylactic 방법, dasymetric 방법, Area-to-point 내삽법 등을 검토하고 도시지역 자료의 효율적인 재구성 방법으로 면적 가중치 내삽법을 수정하여 인구 가중치 내삽법(population weighted interpolation)을 제안하였다. 인구 가중치 내삽법은 미국 뉴욕주 이리 카운티(Erie County)를 연구 사례로 면적 가중치 방법 pycnophylactic 방법을 RMS 에러, 자료 분포 유형, 공간 자기상관의 측면에서 비교되었다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.201-205
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• 2009

본 논문은 무선 센서 네트워크를 위한 위치 기반 라우팅에서 지역적이고 근접한 지역에 소스 노드들의 데이타를 효율적으로 수집하고 융합하기 위한 이슈를 다룬다. 우리는 우선 그러한 지역에서 소스 노드들로부터 데이타를 수집하고 융합하여 글로벌 싱크에게 융합된 데이터로 전달하는 로컬 싱크의 개념을 소개한다. 우리는 또한 로컬싱크의 최적의 위치를 결정하기 위한 모델을 디자인하고 로컬 싱크를 통해서 데이타를 수집하기 위한 방안을 제안한다. 시뮬레이션 결과는 위치 기반 라우팅에서 로컬 싱크를 운영하는 제안 방안이 로컬 싱크를 운영하지 않는 기존의 방안보다 에너지와 데이타 전송률 면에서 더 효율적임을 보여준다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2012

PURPOSES: The purpose of this study is to compare the alkali-silica reactivity for mortar bar and concrete prism specimens using crushed aggregates of 5 types in Korea. And the alkali-silica reactivity for those aggregates are measured by chemical test method. METHODS: The alkali-silica reactivity for those aggregates was measured by chemical test method of KS F 2545, mortar-bar test of KS F 2546, accelerated mortar-bar test method of ASTM C 1260 and concrete prism test method of ASTM C 1293, relatively. RESULTS: The alkali-silica reactivity for those aggregates was verified by chemical test of KS F 2546 and accelerated mortar-bar test of ASTM C 1260. However, it was not by mortar-bar test of KS F 2546 and concrete prism test of ASTM C 1293. CONCLUSIONS: The above results showed that relationship among the four test methods were very low. The results from 3 types of test methods using cement-aggregate combinations appeared to be different. Because the environmental conditions of test methods for measuring the alkali-silica reactivity such as equivalent alkali content(external source), humidity, temperature, and times were different though the aggregates were same. Moreover, alkali-silica reactivity showed the biggest impact when alkalis were supplied form outside and exposed to environmental conditions. The accelerated mortar-bar test method seems to be most appropriate test method for concrete structures exposed to alkali environment.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.120-125
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• 2016

Two-dimensional cultivation is typically used for cell growth, but the method reduces the characteristics of chondrocytes and stem cells, and limits culture area. Therefore, development of three-dimensional culture method is needed to mimic in vivo environment, improve quality of cells and scale-up efficiently. Improving proliferation and chondrogenesis is available by co-culture of chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that leads to interaction between two kinds of cells. However, the co-culture has problems that permeability of sphere diminishes as aggregate size increased and ratio of two kinds of cells composing each spheres is different. In this work, co-cultivation method using controlled sphere composed of chondrocytes and MSCs was established and enhanced chondrogenesis. Periosteum-derived progenitor cells (PDPCs) that are appropriate for cell therapy source of articular cartilage were used as MSCs. Controlled spheres were formed in the hanging-drop plates and shifted for being induced chondrogenesis in 35-mm non-adhesive culture dishes at a rotation rate of 60 rpm. After inducing chondrogenesis, gene expressions related with chondrogenesis were found to be improved and it was apparent that the utilization of controlled spheres promoted chondrogenesis. As a result, available numbers of cells per unit area were increased and chondrogenic differentiation ability was improved compared to typical two-dimensional culture. This approach shows the potential in cartilage regeneration as it can provide sufficient numbers of chondrocytes.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2017

The effects of application of gypsum and fresh cattle manure on the yield of forage crop were investigated in Hwaong reclaimed land in Korea for 3 years from 2011 to 2013. This study was conducted to develop the practical application method of livestock manure as a fertilization source and a soil physico-chemical ameliorator for the cultivation of forage crop $Sorghum{\times}Sudangrass$ hybrid in newly reclaimed tidal land soil. Treatments with six applications were established with three replications; chemical fertilizer (CF), gypsum (G) $20Mg\;ha^{-1}$, G+fresh cattle manure (FCM) 100%, G+FCM 200%, G+FCM 300% and FCM 100% which referred to the application rate equivalent to the recommended amount of phosphate fertilization by soil test. The combined treatments of G+FCM increased soil organic matter, $Av.P_2O_5$ and exchangeable $Ca^{2+}$ contents while decreased exchangeable $Na^+$ and $Mg^{2+}$. The soil bulk density, soil hardness and soil aggregate formation were improved by G+FCM treatments. The dry matter yields of $Sorghum{\times}Sudangrass$ hybrid were significantly increased in proportion to the application rate of FCM. The phosphorus use efficiency showed the highest in the application level of G+FCM 100%, which seemed to be the results of reduced nutrient use efficiency by nutrient immobilization, leaching etc. when applied excessive amount of fresh animal manure.