• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.48 no.5
• /
• pp.629-650
• /
• 2013

This study reviews geographical research trends on 'New industrial agglomeration' in Korea and recommends research issues for further studies. Recent studies on industrial agglomeration region have typically concentrated on empirical case studies from new 'perspectives'. As a result, the establishment and theorizing of frameworks for analysis on industrial agglomeration have been given too little attention. To solve this problem research should be conducted to develop frameworks for analysis integrating noneconomic factors and existing economic factors, a strategy emphasized in new industrial agglomeration theory. By doing so, research investigating viability mechanism and generalization will be invigorated. Meanwhile, research focused excessively on social and cultural conditions of region-related networks between actors in economic space at specific scales should be excluded. In addition, academic research on vitalizing industrial agglomeration region, such as cluster policy, should be strengthened. In order to conduct these research objectives effectively, it is necessary to vitalize overall understanding among researchers of industrial agglomeration and provide a place for collaborative learning.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.36 no.5
• /
• pp.561-577
• /
• 2001

Urban spatial structure is closely related to the spatial distribution of urban economic activities. The spatial distribution pattern is no more than an aggregated expression of the location and/or relocation behavior of individual firms and establishments. In this respect, it is important to identify and examine the factors that affect the spatial behavior of individual firms for a more comprehensive understanding of urban space. Agglomeration economies are one of the most prominent urban economic phenomena in the modern metropolitan area. Most firms in an urban space seek external economies through the spatial clustering of their activities. Agglomeration economies feature prominently in the analysis of urban economic structure across urban areas. While the agglomeration economies between cities focus at the macro-scale of analysis, such economies within any given city focus more on the micro geographical scale. There have been a number of researches on agglomeration economies, among which there are relatively few approaches based on an intra-urban context. This proper explores the agglomeration economies at the micro scale and tries to reseal the spatial realization of the agglomeration economies within and between sectors. Three sectors are considered in the analysis; manufacturing, retail and service. The model is based on simultaneous equation systems combined with spatially weighted variables and estimated by the KRP estimators.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.45-54
• /
• 1997

A regional economy is characterized as a spatial economy. However the literature shows that it has been treated as a point economy since space is little recognized in regional modeling due to mathematical complication. This leads to the fact that regional model does not sufficiently represent regional characteristic. This paper attempts to construct a regional growth model in a partial equilibrium framework specifically taking into consideration land as a primary factor. The model is formulated largely neoclassical. Labor is assumed to move in response to differences in the wage rate, while capital is perfectly mobile across regions. The paper shows that two growth equilibrium points exist, one stable equilibrium point and the other unstable equilibrium point. The unstable growth equilibrium indicates the existence of minimum threshold that a region must overcome the minimum threshold to grow constantly. Consequently, directions of regional growth are characterized by two growth paths depending on the initial condition of a region. That is to say, a region below the minimum threshold is converging toward the lower stable equilibrium point over time. When a regional economy initially lies above the minimum threshold, it will grow forever. A regional economy is not thus necessarily converging a stationary is not thus necessarily converging a stationary equilibrium point through factor movement. Finally, the impacts of the presence of agglomeration economies and diseconomies are analyzed through the phase diagram. The paper also shows that agglomeration economies result in lowering the minimum threshold and in escalating the level of stable equilibrium However, when agglomeration diseconomies prevail, the results are opposite, i.e., rising the minimum threshold of growth and lowering the growth level of stable equilibrium.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.52 no.1
• /
• pp.55-71
• /
• 2017

This paper points out the semantic unclearness of the jargon "cluster" and suggests the substitution of "industrial cluster" for "cluster". Industrial cluster is the intersection of industrial agglomeration and cluster phenomenon while the actual concept of cluster includes not only industry cluster but also political administration cluster, science research cluster, art cluster, religion cluster, education cluster, etc. Partially reconstructing the concept and significance of industry cluster, industrial cluster is a geographic agglomeration of interconnected productional businesses in a particular industry, forming close industrial networks. The advantage of the agglomeration includes reducing the transaction cost between the businesses, promoting technological innovation and dispersion, facilitating the utilization of the professional workforce, sharing and connecting the external customer. Moreover, this paper discusses the range of the industrial cluster and its distinctness from the other similar concepts. There is a need to discriminate it from the other related jargons and to clarify their relationship. In particular, there is a task to eradicate the mixed usage of industrial cluster with the jargons related to space for learning and innovation.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.5-20
• /
• 2000

Recently as globalization of financial capital is progressed, possibility of crisis and unreliability of world economy is more growing. Korean economy required radical restructuring because of the financial crisis and the economic changes occurred in that process. This study is to explain the economic changes of Gwanagju city is produced by the financial crisis of Korean economy The most important industries are service and transportation equipment in Gwangju city. These industries began to decrease after financial crisis but machinery equipment, electrical machinery & electronics and rubber goods & plastic industry is growing relatively. Because of the decrease of service, the economy of inner city which service industry relatively agglomerated in is reducing. And agglomeration space for the optical photonics industry was built up by the upbringing policy of government on high-technology industry to overcome the economic crisis and micro industrial space such as venture building and establishment nursery center was built up. But high-technology industries have many geographical limits to embed in Gwanagju city, so there needs to construct regional innovation system for knowledge based economies

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.197-203
• /
• 2022

Urban space expansion is an important symbol of the urbanization process and has always been an important topic in urban studies. In addition, for sustainable city management, it is important to identify factors that can influence, such as the driving force and direction of urban space expansion, from the stage of establishing an urban development plan. To understand these factors, by observing the expansion process of a specific city, it is possible to sufficiently observe how the urban spatial dimension changes. Through a series of processes, the spatial growth characteristics of the city are analyzed, and the influence and results of important factors are analyzed. For this purpose, this paper examines the changes in the city's outer boundary and land use structure through monitoring data on urban areas of 14 cities in Hunan Province, China from 2000 to 2016. Temporal and spatial regularity according to the urban space expansion of these cities were analyzed, and a preliminary assessment was made on whether the urban space expansion is coordinated with the urban population growth. The assessment result showed: (1) The urban space of most cities has been extended rapidly in 2000-2015 however, the rate and the intensity of urban space expanding has been declining. (2) The construction of the industrial park is the core driving force of the urban space expanding, and the change of the urban space structure is manifested as enclave city expansion because that the industrial park is usually far away from the city center. (3) The population agglomeration is another driving force of the urban space expanding. At this time, the urban space expanding is like boundary extension. (4) Except Changsha city, all of the cities has a high urbanization-area-growth elastic coefficient. It means that most of the cities should enhance the land use degree.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
• /
• no.1
• /
• pp.59-66
• /
• 2001

The tremendous growth of population and physical development in the largest urban agglomeration in Indonesia -the Jakarta Metropolitan Region, also known as Jabotabek (Jakarta, Bogor, Tanggerang, Bekasi)- has created many environmental problems, such as land use conversion, increasing urban temperature, water and air pollution, intrusion of seawater, and flooding. These problems have become more serious as the urban green space (trees, shrubs, and groundcovers) has decreased rapidly with the urbanization process. Urban green space directly benefits the urban environment through ameliorating air pollution, controlling temperature, contributing to the balance of the hydrological system, and providing space for recreation and relaxation. Because there is little hard data to support the claim of decreasing greenery in Jabotabek, it is necessary to measure the amount of urban green space. The paper describes the spatial analysis of urban green space within Jabotabek through the use of a geographical information system (GIS). We used GIS and remote sensing to determine land cover change and predicted greenery percentage. Interpretation of Landsat data for 1972, 1983, 1990, and 1997 showed that Jabotabek has experiences rapid development and associated depletion of green open space. The proportion of green open space fell by 23% from 1972 to 1997. We found a low percentage of urban green space in the center of Jakarta but a high percentage in fringe area. The amount of greenery is predicted by the Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI) model: predicted greenery (%) = [146.04] RVI - 134.96. We consider that our result will be useful for landscape planning to improve the environment of Jabotabek.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.11-32
• /
• 1998

Globalization of economy has a significant impact on the organization of economic Space. This paper examines the concepts of globalization and localization, major trends of the changes in the organization of economic space in the Pacific rim, and the major processes of the changes. Intra-regional trade and foreign direct investments have increased considerably in the Pacific region with the progress of globalization during the last decade. Due to the Progress of globalization of economy in the Pacific rim, some growth triangles have extended their agglomeration area beyond the national boundaries and several new industrial districts have developed. The reorganization of the economic space in the Pacific rim has been resulted from industrial restructuring of NIEs, spatial division of labor along the commodity chains, and the formation of industrial networks within the region. The ‘cooperative network strategy’has been suggested to minimize the negative effects of glocalization and for the sustainable development in the Pacific rim.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.547-567
• /
• 2022

In this study, I focus on makerspaces, which have rapidly spread since the late 2000s in the world's major cities. Makerspaces, born amid great social change, reflect the core characteristics of industrial space. I analyze the makerspace based on the theoretical perspectives of urbanism in the macroscopic aspect and placeness in the microscopic aspect. The urbanism of makerspaces is manifested through entry into the inner cities and their connections with urban capabilities. This means that convergence with innovation factors is becoming more important than optimization of factor costs and agglomeration economies in the locational determinants of industrial space. The placeness of makerspaces is being re-formed through an emphasis on taste, the expansion of autonomy, and the strengthening of connections. This reveals how the value creation process within the industrial space is changing, from forming-placelessness through standardization, uniformity, and compartmentalization to forming-placeness through restoration of individual humanity and interaction. The results of the urbanism and placenesss analysis carry implications for the present moment, when it is necessary to diversify the spatial planning of industrial spaces.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.9
• /
• pp.113-119
• /
• 2021

With the increasing pressure of international competition, urban agglomeration cooperation and innovation had become an important means of regional economic development. This study analyzed the spatial characteristics of the Urban Cooperative Innovation Network in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, found out the dynamic evolution law of innovation, provided suggestions for policy management departments, and effectively planned the industrial layout. According to the data of the State Intellectual Property Office of China, this study researched invention patents from 2005 to 2019. This paper constructed the urban cooperative innovation network, and took 11 cities in the bay area as the research objects, and used social network analysis to study the spatial structure and dynamic evolution of the urban innovation network. Every indicator reflected the urban cooperative innovation, but they all showed a certain decline in 2008-2010. And it is inferred that the innovation network space of each city will be "obvious fist advantages, significant spillover effect and weakening role of Hong Kong and Macao". This paper divided urban cooperative innovation of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area into three stages. Summing up the characteristics of each stage is helpful to recognize the changes of urban cooperative innovation and to do a good job in industrial layout planning.