• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.121-131
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• 1995

This study aims 1) To explicate the multidimensional structure of a widely used measure of subjective well-being, the Philadelphia Geriatric Center(PGC) Morale Scale is used to measure health in elderly populations and 2) To examine the relationship between the socioeconomic status and related variables, health and physical disability and subjective well-being in elderly populations. The selection of subjects was determined through a survey of 672 rural dwelling elderly persons(269 males and 403 females) aged 60 years and over. The respondents were interviewed by 18 trained health workers using the questionnaire from July 4 to July 9 in 1994. The subjects were surveyed again during the period from August 1 to August 6 in 1994 to conform the questionnaire's reliability. Subjective well-being was evaluated using the Revised Questionnaire of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center(PGC) Moral Scale(17 items, Lawton, 1975). The results are as follows : 1) The item scores were intercorrelated and subjected to a principal component analysis. A rotated three-factor solution was done, accounting for 40.9% of the total variance. Thus, the PGC morale Scale can be derived from three stable factors : Factor 1 was explained "Lonely Dissatisfaction(7 items)", Factor 2 was explained "Agitation (5 items)", Factor 3 was explained "Attitude Towards Own Aging (5 items)". Further, these factors have a high degree of internal consistency, as determined by Cronbach's alpha : 0.7852. 2) The total mean score of PGC Morale Scale was 8.73. Sex, Age, Education, Current disease, Family type, Economic status, ADL, IADL were significantly difference in mean scores of PGC morale scale. 3) In the results of stepwise multiple regression analysis of subjective well-being. the most contributing factors were economic status, IADL, current disease, family type, sex and the R square was 0.23.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.323-332
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• 2020

This study examined Korean employees' meal structure characterized by mealtime, meal places, and companions. The data from 19,692 time diaries, recorded by 9,846 employees aged 19-64 years for two days in the 2014 Korean Time Use Survey, were analyzed for working days and non-working days. Approximately two-thirds of Korean employees ate meals three times a day on both working and non-working days. The breakfast and lunch-times on working days were distributed within two hours, but the dinner time on working days and all three meals on non-working days were dispersed across a three-hour range. Male employees spent three minutes on meal preparation on working days, whereas females spent 30 minutes. On working days, 88% of breakfasts and 67% of dinners were eaten at home. For lunches, 46% were eaten at restaurants, and 42% were at workplaces. The breakfast on working days showed the highest percentage of eating alone (40%) and the dinner on non-working days appeared highest in the percentage of eating with families (69%). The characteristics of Korean employees' meal structure appeared different on working days and non-working days. Such characteristics should be considered in the process of planning nutrition policies and programs for employees.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.2689-2694
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• 2016

Background: Most studies of human papilloma virus (HPV) are aimed at the natural history of the infection and its relation to cancer; however, there are few studies to assess knowledge of the general population. Our aim was analyze the degree of knowledge of Argentinians about HPV infection and its prevention. Materials and Methods: We conducted a voluntary, anonymous and non-binding survey with 27 multiple-choice items, in twelve private and public establishments, selected to include a broad population in terms of education, age and gender. The survey consisted of three sections: individual characteristics of the volunteer, HPV infection basic knowledge, its prevention and the virus relationship with other cancers. Results: One thousand two hundred ninety seven volunteers aged 18 to 80 participated. The total number of correct answers was 45.1%. The correct answers for relationship HPV and cervical cancer was 62.1%. Almost 55% did not know about types of HPV that the vaccines for protection. Statistical analysis showed that women, single people, workers, the better educated, those who have had a STDs or HPV and receiving information through medical or educational establishments had greater knowledge of the topic. Only 0.2% of participants answered all questions correctly. Conclusions: Knowledge plays an important role in health care and the deficiency found in our population could influence the success of the measures taken in the fight against cervical cancer. In this regard, we believe it would be appropriate, not only to emphasize early diagnosis and vaccine implementation, but also incorporate new communication strategies, facilitating reception of accurate and precise information by all strata of society.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2011

Objectives: The present study examined whether smoking rate has declined in 1992-2006 and who the high risk groups were on industry classification and employment type. Methods: Data from 91,263 persons aged 25-64 years were analyzed from three rounds of the Social Statistical Surveys of Korea between 1992 and 2006. Industry indicators were divided by the 9th Korean Standard Industrial Classification. Age-adjusted prevalence of smoking was calculated. Prevalence ratios(PR) and differences(PD) were estimated using log-binomial regression analysis. Results: Age-adjusted prevalence of smoking decreased between 1992 and 2006, specially the smoking prevalence of regular employees decreased most. PD in age-adjusted prevalence of smoking were the biggest between regular and daily employees. PR of the temporary employees', daily employees', self-employed persons' in order was wider than that of regular employees. PR increased significantly increased between 1999 and 2006 for those in manufacturing, construction, wholesale & retail trade, service industries. Increases in PR(regular/irregular) for women in service industry were statistically significant. Conclusions: Despite reducing overall cigarette smoking rates in males, the smoking rate was not reduced equally by industry classification and employment type in both genders. More adjustable antismoking policies and consideration of employment type are requested to reduce inequalities in smoking.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.76-86
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• 2009

최근 건설현장에서는 기능인력 수급의 어려움과 숙련공의 노령화의 해법으로 건설 자동화가 추진되고 있다. 현재 국내 건설자동화 연구수준은 작업 단위의 로봇을 통한 부분 자동화의 단계를 넘어 완전한 자동화로 건설할 수 있는 시스템 개발의 단계에 접어들고 있다. 하지만 완전한 건설 장비를 갖춘 자동화 시공 시스템일지라도 시공자의 유연성을 완전히 모방하기 어렵고, 부재 종류의 다양한 변화에 빨리 대처할 수 있는 능력이 부족하다. 따라서 자동화 시공 시스템의 작업 능력을 향상시킬 수 있고, 자동화된 시공 작업에 쉽게 접근할 수 있는 방법 중의 한 가지는 자동화 시공하기에 쉬운 부재를 설계해 주는 것이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 자동화 시공 시스템에 적합한 부재를 설계하기 위하여 품질기능전개(QFD)기법을 적용한 디자인 개발 프로세스를 제시하였다. 이를 통해 시공 자동화 시스템의 효율성을 향상시켜 건설자동화 기술 발전에 기여하고자 한다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.289-295
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• 1998

Used gasoline engine oils(UGEO) are carcinogenic in long term studies and capable of increasing the number of carcinogen-DNA adducts in short term studies when dermally applied to mice. The carcinogenic risk of UGEO has been attributed to the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH) which accumulate in the lubricating system during the combustion of gasoline. When dermally exposed to UGEO, the use of hand cleanser was commonly recommended for removing it. But generally workers who dermally exposed oils, use kerosene as cleaner which make skin trouble. During this study, female mice aged 4-6 weeks were utilized to evaluate the efficiency of kerosene, as solvent-based cleanser, following dermal exposure to UGEO. DNA adduct were detected at skin and lung tissues by using the $^{32}P$-postlabeling method. Washing with cleansers were done at two different interval times following dermal application of UGEO. The total DNA adducts in skin and lung tissues were statistically significantly increased in positive control groups, and of which the total adduct level in skin tissues was statistically significant higher than those in lung tissues(p=0.005). When washing kerosene, the DNA adduct level in skin tissues was statistically significantly decreased(p=0.0001). But DNA adducts in lung tissue was statistically increased(p=0.0039), and that washed at 8hr post exposure was more severly increase(p<0.05). The slope of regression between DNA adducts of lung between skin tissues was 1.0802. In conclusion, skin cleaning with kerosene facilitates passage of carcinogens to the lungs of animals dermally treated with used gasoline engine oils(UGEO).

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.22-31
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• 2011

Objectives: We examined gender differential changes in employment-related health inequalities according to occupational position (professional/nonprofessional) in South Korea during the last decade. Methods: Data were taken from four rounds of Social Statistical Surveys of South Korea (1995, 1999, 2003, and 2006) from the Korean National Statistics Office. The total study population was 55435 male and 33913 female employees aged 25-64. Employment arrangements were divided into permanent, fixed-term, and daily employment. Results: After stratification according to occupational position (professional/nonprofessional) and gender, different patterns in employment - related health inequalities were observed. In the professional group, the gaps in absolute and relative employment inequalities for poor self-rated health were more likely to widen following Korea's 1997 economic downturn. In the nonprofessional group, during the study period, graded patterns of employment-related health inequalities were continuously observed in both genders. Absolute health inequalities by employment status, however, decreased among men but increased among women. In addition, a remarkable increase in relative health inequalities was found among female temporary and daily employees (p = 0.009, < 0.001, respectively), but only among male daily employees (p = 0.001). Relative employment-related health inequalities had clearly widened for female daily workers between 2003 and 2006 (p = 0.047). The 1997 Korean economic downturn, in particular, seemingly stimulated a widening gap in employment health inequalities. Conclusions: Our study revealed that whereas absolute health inequalities in relation to employment status increased in the professional group, relative employment-related health inequalities increased in the nonprofessional group, especially among women. In view of the high concentration of female nonstandard employees, further monitoring of inequality should consider gender specific patterns according to employee's occupational and employment status.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2011

Objectives: Although increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) is caused by stress accelerates collagen degradation, there was no data on the relationship between stress and urinary hydroxyproline (Hyp) and proline (Pro), a good marker of collagen degradation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS) and concentrations of urinary Hyp and Pro. Methods: 97 hospital employees aged 20 to 58 were asked to fill out comprehensive self-administrated questionnaires containing information about their medical history, lifestyle, length of the work year, shit-work and DAS. Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) was applied to evaluate chronic mental disorders. Urine samples were analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with double derivatization for the assay of hydroxyproline and proline. Results: The mean value of Hyp and Pro concenturation in all subjects was $194.1{\pm}113.4\;{\mu}mol/g$ and $568.2{\pm}310.7\;{\mu}mol/g$. DASS values and urinary Pro concentrations were differentiated by sex (female > male, p < 0.05) and type of job (nurse > others, p < 0.05). In the stepwise multiple linear regressions, urinary Hyp and Pro concentrations were influenced by stress (Adjusted $r^2$ = 0.051) and anxiety and job (Adjusted $r^2$ = 0.199), respectively. Conclusions: We found that stress and anxiety were correlated with urinary Hyp and Pro concentrations. To identifying a definite correlation, further study in large populations will be needed.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제8권8호
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• pp.137-145
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• 2017

본 연구는 중년 여성 근로자의 뇌심혈관 질환 발병위험도를 평가하고 발병위험도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하고자 일개 조선소에 근무하는 40세 이상 65세 미만의 중년 여성 근로자의 1,340명의 건강검진 자료를 바탕으로 분석하였다. 통계분석은 SPSS/WIN 18.0 프로그램을 이용하였다. 본 연구결과 정상 혈압을 가진 대상자는 1234명이고 그중 발병인자가 없는 건강군은 1,078명(80.4%), 저위험군 45명(3.4%), 중등도 위험군 150명(11.2), 고위험군 67명(5.0%)으로 나타났다. 건강군과 위험군 간에 연령, 총콜레스테롤, HDL-콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤, 흡연 유무, 뇌졸중 가족력, 심장질환 가족력, 고혈압 가족력, 당뇨 가족력이 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 로지스틱 회귀분석을 통해 확인한 뇌심혈관 질환 발병위험 영향요인은 연령, HDL-콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤, 흡연, 뇌졸중 가족력, 고혈압 가족력으로 나타났다. 본 결과는 추후 중년 여성의 뇌심혈관 질환 예방 프로그램 개발의 기초자료로 활용될 것이다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.191-205
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• 2010

This study investigated the rates and reasons for breakfast skipping according to gender, age, and lifestyle related factors in Korean adults. The survey was conducted using questionnaires and the subjects included 1148 male and female adults aged 19-64. The rate of breakfast skipping (frequency of eating breakfast under 4 times/week) was 41.20% of the total subjects. The breakfast skipping rate of the male subjects was significantly higher than that of the female subjects (p < 0.001). As age and household income decreased, the breakfast skipping rate increased. Residents in small cities more frequently skipped breakfast than those in larger cities. The main reason for breakfast skipping was "lack of time for the preparation and consumption of food" and this reason was especially higher for office workers and younger adults among the participants. In addition, the proportion of habitual breakfast skippers increased with age. Among the answers regarding the person who prepares breakfast in their households, the highest proportion was for "family members" in the males and "myself" for the females. Of breakfast skippers, 77.63% answered that they consumed breakfast substitutes such as breads, dairy and fruits/vegetables. To summarize the results, the gender, age and lifestyle factors of adults were significantly related to the rates and reasons for breakfast skipping. Therefore, to reduce breakfast skipping in Korean adults, a differentiated nutritional education approach relative to gender, age, and lifestyle is needed along with the development of balanced breakfast substitutes.