• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.92-95
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• 2017

Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by an ${\alpha}$-galactosidase A (GLA, MIM 300644) enzyme deficiency due to pathogenic variants in the ${\alpha}$-galactosidase A gene (GLA). The disease leads to accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and related glycophospholipids affecting nearly all major organ systems, with the primary sites damaged by Gb3 including renal glomeruli, myocardium, neurons of the dorsal ganglion and autonomic nervous system, and vascular endothelial and smooth muscle. Progressive deposition in these organ systems present with various clinical manifestations including acroparesthesia, renal failure and heart failure. Here, we report a Chinese male diagnosed with Fabry disease in his late $4^{th}$ decades showing improvement of acroparesthesia during enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). A 48-year-old Chinese man who presented with chronic recurrent severe burning pain in his fingers and toes since the age of 10, with worse involvement of the former visited to our clinic for further evaluation. His medical history included a transient ischemic attack aged 40 and diagnosed with stage 4-5 chronic kidney disease aged 47. In the family history, the patient's brother was found to be have Fabry disease 1 month before his visit. Except for his brother, all other members of the family are healthy. Based on his medical history and family history, he was strongly suspicious for Fabry disease. He was found to have a galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose level 4.96 (Reference range, 42.5-67.9) suggestive of Fabry disease. The followed sequencing of GLA coding region in our patient revealed hemizyosity for the mutation c.988C>T (Q330X) in Exon 7. Since ERT start, he showed significant improvement in his symptoms of burning sensation of fingers and toes. On the contrary, due to deteriorating kidney function even with ERT, he is considered for kidney transplantation. Despite of diagnostic delay until late 4th decades, ERT showed a potential improvement of acroparesthesia in our patient. However, late start of ERT can lead to poor outcome in multiorgan function. Therefore, early diagnosis with high index of suspicion followed by continuous ERT with regular monitoring have an impact on quality of life in Fabry disease.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.121-135
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• 2004

This study aims to analyze the oral health status of the elderly. Study subjects were 9,340 elderly aged over 65 who took the health examination (the first) for the local insured when the National Health Insurance Corporation carried out its survey from January to December, 2002. The subjects took an oral examination and filled in the questionnaire. Major results from the analysis are as follows: 1. Analysis of Oral Health Behavior For oral health behavior, 38.2％ of total subjects had visited a dental hospital (or clinic) in the last one year in the order of the elderly of big cities (48.3％), the elderly of medium cities (43.9％), and the elderly of rural areas (29.0％)(P<0.001). Elderly men had a higher rate than elderly women, and the younger age had a higher rate(P<0.01). For experience of oral prophylaxis, 12.3％ of the total elderly had experienced it in the order of the elderly of big cities (18.8％), the elderly of medium cities (16.0％), and the elderly of rural areas (6.4％) (P<0.001). For elderly men, the younger age had a higher rate of oral prophylaxis. The number of toothbrushing in order was twice(47.5％), once (26.7％), three times (25.0％), and none (0.7％). The younger age brushed their teeth more often (P<0.001). 2. Analysis of Oral Health Status The rate of caries was 10.6％ of the elderly surveyed. By area, the elderly of rural areas had a higher rate of caries than the elderly of cities (p<0.001) and elderly men were higher than elderly women (p<0.001). By age, many elderly aged over 80 had more than two caries. For missing teeth, the elderly of rural areas had a higher rate than the elderly of cities (p<0.001) and the older age had a higher rate(p<0.001). The rate of periodontal disease was 43.2％ of the total elderly. By area, the elderly of big cities (46.2％) had a higher rate of periodontal disease than the elderly of medium cities (39.4％) and rural areas (43.6％)(p<0.001), and elderly men (46.4％) were higher than elderly women (40.2％)(p<0.001). By age, the lower age had a higher rate of peridontal disease (p<0.001). Dental abrasion was observed in 16.9％ of the total elderly. The elderly of cities (21.0％) had a higher rate than the elderly of rural areas (12.0％)(p<0.001) and elderly men (21.3％) were higher than elderly women (12.8％)(p<0.001). Also the lower age had more dental abrasion symptoms (p<0.001). For needing a denture, the rate among the elderly was 48.5％ and was higher for the elderly of rural areas(20.9％), than the elderly of big cities(7.0％) and medium cities (10.5％)(p<0.001). For the rate of denture wearing, the elderly of rural areas(41.8％) were higher than the elderly of big cities (27.7％) and medium cities (28.2％ )(p<0.001). For the relation of drinking and smoking to oral health, the elderly who had a higher frequency of drinking, had a higher rate of caries (p<0.001)periodontal disease(p<0.001) and missing teeth(p<0.001) Smokers had a higher rate of caries (p<0.001), periodontal disease (p<0.05), and missing teeth (p<0.001) than nonsmokers.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the reliability of automatic cracked and bloody egg detector according to the age of the hens and the level of the detector. The results of this study are expected to be helpful in the implementation of the Korean egg grading system, which is expected to improve egg quality for consumers. An official egg grader randomly selected 1,000 eggs for each experiment (total 36,000 eggs), ran them through the automatic detector, and conducted labor inspection using the eggs that were classified by the detector as cracked, bloody, and normal eggs. The results showed that more cracked eggs were laid by hens aged 40-60 weeks than by hens aged 30 weeks (p<0.05). Also, when the detector level increased from four to seven (i.e., when it became less sensitive), its cracked eggs detection rate dropped, and the total rate of cracked eggs was consistent after the labor inspection of the classified eggs. The automatic detector achieved over 97 percent accuracy. The bloody eggs constituted only 0.005 percent of all the samples, and all the detector-detected eggs were bloody eggs after the labor inspection of both the bloody and normal egg lines. Therefore, it can be concluded that the automatic cracked and bloody egg detector was reliable and can be used in the egg grading system. Considering that cracked eggs should be less than 9 percent of first-grade eggs in the present egg grading system, the use of an automatic crack detector may help provide better-quality eggs to consumers by producing less than 5.5 percent cracked eggs.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.123-131
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• 2018

Purpose: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is mostly asymptomatic but can be detrimental to certain hosts. We investigated changes of CMV seroprevalence in Koreans before and after the year 2000. Methods: We reviewed laboratory values of patients who were tested for CMV immunoglobulin G (IgG) at Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, from January 1995 to December 2015. Changes in seroprevalence were analyzed by gender, age, region, and tested year period (period 1, 1995-2005 vs. period 2, 2006-2015). Results: Overall CMV seropositivity was 94.1% (10,900/11,584). There was no significant difference for CMV seropositivity among the two periods (94.2% vs. 94.1%) (P=0.862). CMV seropositivity in the 11 to 20-year age group in period 2 (78.8%) was significantly lower than that of period 1 (89.9%) (P=0.001). The seropositivity of individuals aged 31-40 years (97.4%) was significantly higher than that of younger age groups (P<0.001) and lower than that of older age groups (P<0.001). Of 2,441 females of reproductive age (from 15 to 49), CMV seropositivity was 97% (2,467/2,441). The seropositivity in women aged 20-24-years was higher than that of men in the same age group (97.6% vs. 85.6%, P=0.003). No significant difference was observed among different regions. Conclusions: Overall CMV seropositivity of Koreans was estimated to be 94% and the average seropositivity of reproductive women was 97%. Monitoring of the changes in seroprevalence including the reproductive age group is needed in the future.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to establish an Improvement Plan to determine the cause of the abuse occurred for the elderly who live in urban areas, and analyzed by type. This study was conducted to survey targeted the more than 65-year-old man as the center of Seoul Mapo area. The independent variables in the research model is elder abuse causes, the sociological characteristics as control variables population was the dependent variable in the elderly abuse. As a result; First, investigate the differences in the cause and the cause of elder abuse according to demographic characteristics. The causes of elder abuse, age of the higher age group showed high levels of elder abuse causes. Showed that less than a high school education than graduate school. Second, investigate the factors influencing the occurrence of elder abuse experiences of the subjects. Personal factors of elder abuse causes of those surveyed, family environmental factors, social, and refers to the result that the higher the level of cultural factors increase the occurrence of elder abuse experience. Third, investigate the differences in the cause and the cause of elder abuse according to demographic characteristics. The causes of elder abuse, age of the higher age group showed that the level of elder abuse occurs and causes high experience. Fourth, investigate the factors influencing the occurrence of elder abuse experiences of the subj ects. This personal factors of elder abuse causes of those surveyed, family environmental factors, social, and refers to the results of the higher levels of cultural factors that increase the occurrence of elder abuse experience. In conclusion, elder abuse is personal factors, environmental factors, family, social and cultural factors, the higher the level can be seen that type of elder abuse Elder abuse occurs, formed by many, accordingly. Therefore, in order to improve elder abuse should be healing the cause according to the type of elder abuse appears essentially as a result from this research.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 2024

Purpose: Tetracycline is not recommended for children under 12 by guideline due to the risk of tooth discoloration. We aimed to assess the incidence of dental discoloration in Korean children prescribed tetracyclines and investigate whether its risk was greater in tetracycline-exposed children than in the general population. Methods: This population-based cohort study using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment service database included children aged 0-12 years exposed to tetracyclines for at least 1 day between January 2008 and December 2020. The primary outcome was the incidence rate of dental discoloration ≥6 months after prescription, and the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was evaluated as secondary outcome. Results: 56,990 children were included-1,735 and 55,255 aged <8 and 8-12 years, respectively. 61% children were prescribed tetracycline for <14 days with mostly second-generation tetracyclines, doxycycline (61%) and minocycline (35%). The 5- and 10-year cumulative incidence rates of dental discoloration were 4.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.0-5.7%) and 5.7% (95% CI, 4.1% to 7.8%), respectively, in the 0-7 years age group and 0.8% (95% CI, 0.7% to 0.9%) and 1.3 (95% CI, 1.1% to 1.4%), respectively, in the 8-12 years age group. Tetracycline exposure did not increase such risk compared to that in the general population (SIR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.69 to 1.60). Conclusions: The incidence of dental discoloration was lower than previously suggested. Relieving the age restriction for prescribing tetracyclines may be considered.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.87-111
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• 1998

For the newly approach of policy with the old aged era at hand, the result which examines the 1,200 students attending professional colleges and upward in three small-to-medium sized cities, for two months, from October 1, 1996 to November 30, in order to know the change of consciousness of the growing modern young intellectual age group is as follows. 1. The objects of survey consist of 72.1% of women, 40.4% of 20 to 21 age, 49.1% of atheists, and people from big cities and fishing and agrarian village occupy equally 40.2%. Concerning the long-termed residents, 49% of them dwell in big cities. In case of the parents' age is more than 55, 31.5% in fathers, and 10.9% in mothers. 2. The types of housing in which they desire to reside in their getting older are : 72.8% of them hope to live in individual houses, 16.6% in apartments or villas, and 3.4% in social welfare facilities. Out of respondents, compared with other groups, man rather than woman, those who are 20 to 21 age group and from fishing and agrarian villages and have over 7 family members and live with their parents have a higher preference for independent houses. 3. The districts in which they hope to live when they are old are : 41.6% of them, with the highest percent, hope to live in farming villages, the older they are, the more they hope to live in agricultural district, and women of 21 years and upward hope to live in big cities. On the other hand, the preferable degree for social welfare facilities is higher each in people who are 24 years and upward, buddhists, self-boarding students, and the more poorly they are off, the higher the percent is. 4. The types of preferable welfare facilities for the elderly are : 58.2% of them think silver towns desirable, 28.4% think the charged (or free) elderly welfare facilities. Compared with other groups, the percentage which prefer silver towns is higher in women, people from big cities, residents of main family, long-termed city residents, people with higher income, people having grandparents alive, and people who had experience of taking lectures on hygienics or social welfare. 5. 50.3% of the respondents insist that provision of living expenses against old age should be insured by social security system, and 42.8% by the elderly themselves. The percentage of the former shows higher in people of 21 years and upward, women, residents of fishing and agrarian villages, christians, people in more needy circumstances and people who have experience of using a medical institution. 6. Compared with other nations, 54.5% of the respondents have an opinion that elderly welfare and welfare work in Korea stays in insufficient level and most of them are women, people from farming village, residents of head family, people having younger parents and people being worse health condition, and they have a more positive attitude about the elderly welfare work. 7. 92.3% of the respondents answered that a national budget for the elderly welfare is scarce, and the percentage is higher in people who are older, residents of big cities, people in lower living condition and people in worse health condition. 8. 35.2% of the respondents answered that the proper cost of their old age must be over 220mi11ion. The more a family's total income is, the higher the percentage is. 9. The factors which have an effect on the preference of silver towns are sex(p<0.01, the type of the present residence(p<0.05), and a family's total income(p<0.05). 10. From the survey result of the above, we comes to the conclusion that, for the sake of welfare of the increasing elderly population, government authorities and parties concerned must exert their utmost for the elderly welfare by increasing a budget of it and establishing a number of facilities of the elderly welfare and silver towns located in fresh and comfortable villages. In addition, they have to set up a course of hygienics in all the colleges and instruct the contexts on hygienic welfare as well.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.71-75
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• 2007

This research was conducted from 1 March 2005 to 28 February 2007. We collected data from optician stores around Kwang-Ju city, 208 people aged 40 to 80 years using the cross cylinder method to find out age and gender dependence of near addition. 1. Age dependence of Refractive error shows 5% of emmetropia 34% of myopia and 43% of hyperopia. These results reveal that rate of hyperopia is higher than emmetropia and myopia. Mixed Astigmatism rate was 18%. 2. Near addition required to correct Presbyopia is analyzed as functions of gender and ages. In case of man: 40-44 (+0.75D), 45-49(+1.25D), 50-54(+1.41D), 55-59(+1.92D), 60-64(+2.35D), 65-69(+1.97D), 70(+3.12D), In case of woman: 40-44 (+1.08D), 45-49 (+1.38D), 50-54 (+1.67D), 55-59(+2.05D), 60-64 (+2.50D), 65-69 (+2.57D), $70{\leq}(+3.18D)$. Result shows it's Adding power higher than man. 3. Age dependence of Axis of Astigmatism. In case of horizontal astigmatism 61.2%, vertical 2.8% and rest else for 36%. Setting point from Binocular vision tells that average adding power of 40-44 (+0.75D) or (+1.00D), 45-49 (+1.25D) or (+1.50D), 50-54 (+1.50D), 55-59 (+2.00D), 60-64 (+2.50D), 65-69 (+2.50D) or (+2.75D), over $70{\leq}(+3.00D)$ or (+3.25D) of average adding power.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.69-74
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• 2012

Purpose: By confirm the change of popliteal arterial position when extension or flexion of the knee and estimate the change of popliteal arterial position after posterior capsular release, we tried to know the position can minimize injury of popliteal artery during arthroscopic surgery and usefulness of posterior capsular release. Materials and Methods: Total of two middle-aged man and woman, fresh frozen cadavers as systemic, all four cases of the knee were included in this study. After the knee was flexed to 0 degrees, 30 degrees, 60 degrees, 90 degrees angle, we estimated distance from posterior tibial cortex to popliteal artery at articular surface, the distal 1 cm and 2 cm from articular surface. We performed posterior capsular release by arthroscopy, and estimated distance between posterior tibial cortex and popliteal artery in the same way. Results: Mean distance between popliteal artery and posterior tibial cortex was 6.3 mm (4.5~7), 4.6 mm (3.6~6), 4.9 mm (3.9~5.8) when knee flexion to 0 degrees at articular surface, distal 1 cm and 2 cm from articular surface each. When knee flexion to 30 degrees, it was 7.4 mm (5.2~9), 4.9 mm (3.6~7.2), 5.3 mm (3.8~6.6). When knee flexion to 60 degrees, it was 8.7 mm (5.4~11), 5.2 mm (4.9~7.3), 6.2 mm (5.4~9.6). When knee flexion to 90 degrees, it was 9.8 mm (5.8~12.1), 5.5 mm (5.1~7.4), 6.5 mm (5.4~10.7). After posterior capsule release, the distance was 6.5 mm (5.5~7.5), 5.8 mm (3.9~7.2), 5.2 mm (3.8~7.0) when knee flexion to 0 degrees, 7.7 mm (5.5~9,1), 7.1 mm (4.6~7.6), 5.5 mm (4.1~6.9) when knee flexion to 30 degrees, 8.9 mm (5.7~11.2), 8.5 mm (5.5~9.2), 6.4 mm (5.3~10.1) when knee flexion to 60 degrees and 10.2 mm (6.3~13.6), 9.5 mm (6.5~11), 6.6 mm (5.9~9.8) when knee flexion to 90 degrees. Conclusion: As knee joint is flexed, the distance from posterial tibial cortex to popliteal artery are increased beween knee joint articular surface and distal 2 cm from knee joint. So popliteal artery injury will be reduced at knee joint surgery. Posterior capsular release could also reduce popliteal artery injury by increasing distance between posterior tibial cortex and popliteal artery.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.207-213
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• 2001

The objectives or this study were to examine reed value or waste onion in duck. Experimental chicks (Cherry Valley F$_1$, 1day old, 350 chicks) were randomly assigned in 8 treatment groups, each 45 chicks, and man-aged for 7 weeks (3 kg BW, 49 days old). Treatments were control, 3%, 6% of chopped onion-fed, 5%, 10% of onion extract fed, 6% of onion meal, 3%, 6% of fermented onion-fed. Feed intake was significantly (P<0.05) high in control group, but ADG was high in 3% chopped onion-fed group. Feed requirement was very efficient in all treatment groups except 6% fermented onion-fed group. Dressing rate was high in 5% onion extract-fed group, but it was not significant. Abdominal fat was the highest in control and 6% fermented onion-fed group and lowest in 6% chopped onion-fed group. Cholesterol content was lower in all treatment groups than in control group, but it was not significantly different. Stearic acid ($C_{18:0}$) content was significantly low in all treatment group (P<0.05). However, arachidonic acid ($C_{20:4}$) content was higher in treatment group than in control group. In result, onion diet was not significantly effect on palatability, feed intake, ADG in ducks. Duck meat of onion-fed contained low cho-lesterol and high unsaturated fat content.