• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2021

팬데믹으로 인한 사회적 거리 두기 시작으로 비접촉 사회를 형성하였다. 접촉을 제한하는 언 콘택트 시대가 도달함으로써 우리 사회 및 경제생활뿐 아니라 교육 활동에도 지대한 영향을 미치고 있다. 이 같은 감염병 사태에 대응하여 대학을 비롯한 모든 교육 기관들은 비대면 온라인 수업을 시행하였다. 특히, 예체능을 비롯한 실무 형태 위주의 학과 수업들은 비대면으로 인한 제한된 환경으로 많은 어려움을 겪고 있다. 가창 수업은 주로 1:1 대면 개인지도 또는 단체 수업 방법에서 비접촉 시대로 시행된 비대면 수업 전환으로 과도기를 경험하고 있다. 전통적인 교육 방식에 머물러 있던 국내 학교 현장에서 코로나 19 이후 비접촉 시대를 맞이하여 기술을 혁신하는 에듀테크가 본격화 할 것으로 전망되는 가운데 가속화된 교육 혁신에 대비하여 비대면 실기 수업이 나아갈 방향에 대해 살펴볼 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 언택트 가창 수업 방법연구를 위해 먼저 비접촉 사회로 인한 국내 대학 현황과 가창 수업 형태를 살펴본다. 그 사례 연구로 가창 수업 방법을 제시하고 그 수업을 수강한 학생들과 교수들의 설문 조사와 인터뷰를 진행하였다. 그와 더불어 비대면 가창 수업의 장단점을 조사하고, 만족하는 수업 방법의 연구결과로 '가창 녹화 모니터링 및 선행학습', '즉각적인 영상자료 보컬 분석 및 보충 음악 이론'이 두 가지 구성요소를 도출할 수 있었다. 시대적 변화와 함께 효과적인 비접촉 가창 수업을 위해서는 비대면 가창 수업의 문제점들을 보완하고, 새로운 비접촉 가창 수업 방법에 관한 지속적인 연구와 시스템 구축이 더욱 마련되어야 한다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.247-264
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• 2023

Objectives: The study was to examine the features of three-dimensional(3D) face dimensions and to develop fit test panels for the labor population using respirators in South Korea. Methods: This study was part of the first-year work of a two-year-project conducted at Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute in 2021. After 3D head dimensions data were collected from Size Korea Center managing Sixth Size Korea databases, 3D face dimensions DB for the South Korean labor population was established for 21 items of face dimensions in line with the ISO/TS 16976-2 and KS A ISO 15535. With the South Korean labor population 3D face dimensions DB, in accordance with the ISO/TS 16976-2, the descriptive statistics of 3D face dimensions were calculated and two fit test panels were developed. Results: A total of 2,752 subjects were finally determined and they were 52.9% for male, 41.2% for the highest age-group of 15-29, and residents in the capital area. Mean and standard deviation were obtained for each of the 21 3D face dimensions items for the South Korean labor population. Among the items, male and female face widths were 137.6±5.7 mm, 133.2±5.0 mm, respectively. Male and female face lengths were 116.6±7.0 mm, 107.8±6.8 mm, respectively. Two new South Korean fit test panels, a bivariate test panel and a principal component analysis test panel, were developed using the 3D face dimensions DB as well. Conclusions: Using the 3D face dimensions DB, the mean and standard deviation were featured for each of the 21 items and also the two fit test panels were newly developed in the study. It is suggested that the study outputs should be utilized practically and effectively in selection, use, and management of respirators at work, expecting that respiratory protection can be furthermore improved for respirator users including labor population across the country.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.58-62
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• 2015

Background: Age-related changes have been studied for lower and middle facial bones. Although the forehead comprises one-third of the facial area, no studies have investigated age-related changes in the upper part of the face or forehead. The purpose of this study was to use three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) to investigate age-related changes in the frontal bone. Methods: A retrospective review was performed for patients who underwent 3D CT scan of facial bones. Patients were divided by gender and age (20 to 40 years, 41 to 60 years, and above 60 years). The frontal bone curvature was evaluated by the length of frontal bone and by two frontal bone angles in relation to the Frankfurt horizon. Results: In both genders, aging was associated with increasing lower slope length. In elderly men (>60 years), the upper slope angle was significantly higher when compared to younger male subjects. Women demonstrated similar age-related changes, but the differences were only statistically significant for the middle and older age groups. Conclusion: This study demonstrates quantifiable age-related changes in the frontal bone. These findings contribute to the understanding of age-related changes of the facial soft tissues. The mean measurements in each age group can be used as a reference when planning forehead reconstruction.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.85-100
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• 1981

Serial lateral cephalometric radiographs of 40 Korean children(25 males, 15 females) ranging in age from 6 to 13 years were studied by means of computer morphometrics and statistical analysis. As a result of this study, the following conclusions can be made: 1. In both sexes, the mean growth patterns of the face were very stable and the growth directions of the face were more prominent both forward and down-ward away from the cranial base(S-N). 2. In the mandible, the rotation and the 'wave-like' manner of migration were observed. 3. The size of the lateral faces in males was larger than females at 6 and 13 years of age, and the forms of the lateral faces in males were slightly more squares than females at 13 years of age. 4. The sex differences and practical means in the growth increments and growth rates during 7 years of the growth period were as follows: (1) In the total face, there was a significant sex difference in the growth increments(males $26.21cm^2$, females $23.24cm^2$) and growth rates(males $42.02\%$, females $39.28\%$). (2) In the facial surface 1, there was a significant sex difference in the growth increments(males $21.30cm^2$, females $19.19cm^2$) but there was no significant sex difference in the growth rates(males $41.35\%$, females $39.10\%$). (3) In the anterior total facial height(N-Ne), there was no significant sex difference in the growth increments(males 18.23mm, females 17.45mm) and the growth rates(males $18.44\%$, females $18.19\%$). (4) In the posterior total facial height(S-Go), there was a significant sex difference in the growth increments(males 14.61mm, females 12.98mm) but there was no significant sex difference in the growth rates(males $23.78\%$, females $22.25\%$). 5. The percentages of anterior upper facial height to anterior total facial height in both sexes were very stable in spite of the age increase. 6. The percentage of total facial height to standing height was reduced by the age increase, and the reduced rate of anterior total facial height(males $13.26\%$, females $13.75\%$) was larger than the posterior total facial height(males $9.95\%$, females $11.70\%$). 7. The correlations of lateral facial surfaces to the standing height and the weight were higher in males than females, but the level of correlation in males was in the moderate range.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.296-303
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• 2022

Background In recent years thread lift has become widespread; however, existing methods need to improve their long-term outcome, which requires considering topographic anatomy of face and neck, especially the ligamentous apparatus. This study aims to assess the effectiveness and safety of an innovative method of one-time three-step thread facelift, which provides an additional support to the ligamentous structures of the upper, middle, and lower thirds of the face and neck. Methods The study included 357 patients aged 32 to 67 years with various morphotypes of aging. The original method of thread lift was applied, and its effectiveness was followed up for to 2 years. The Wrinkle Severity Rating Score (WSRS) and Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) scores were used for assessment by investigators, independent observers, and patients. Statistical significance was determined using paired t-test and chi-square test. Results The mean WSRS score was 3.88 ± 0.88 before the thread lift, 1.93 ± 0.81 one month after the procedure, and 2.36 ± 0.85 after 2 years of follow-up. The mean GAIS was 4.80 ± 0.04 one month after thread lift, and 4.01 ± 0.04 after 2 years, while in the patients' assessment Global Satisfaction Scale was 4.86 ± 0.02 and 4.10 ± 0.02, respectively. There were no clinically significant complications throughout the observation period. Conclusion The new method of one-time three-step thread fixation of the soft tissues of the face and neck demonstrated a high degree of satisfaction by both experts and patients after 2 years of follow-up. It showed high efficacy and safety, including in the group of patients with pronounced age-related changes of the skin of face and neck.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2012

1. Objectives : In this study we derived constitutional characteristics both by using questionnaire on character and symptom and by collecting objective measurement data through face, body shape. Furthermore, by developing a program, we intend to help one's diagnosis of Sasang constitution. 2. Methods : Through November 2007 to July 2009, we obtained questionnaire, face, and body shape data of 958 constitution confirmed subjects within the age range of 10-80 from 19 oriental medical facilities in the country. According to sex, we divided the subjects into two groups as real constitution and non-constitution group respectively. We analyzed the questionnaire through chi-square test (p<.01) and facial and body shape data through unpaired T-test (p<.01). By using weight law for questionnaire and euclidean distance for body shape and face data, we expressed constitution possibility to develop a supplementary program. 3. Results : The concordance rates of constitutional diagnosis by using the program for Taeeumin, Soeumin, Soyangin are, 76.7%, 61.5%, 67.4% resulting in 69.6% in male and 64.1%, 64.7%, 65.1%, resulting in 64.7% In female respectively. New cases tested on the program showed concordance rate of 65% in male and 62% in female with real constitution. 4. Conclusion : The constitutional diagnostic program based on the face, body shape and questionnaire, may have significant meaning as a supplementary tool in the constitutional diagnosis for clinical expert.

• 전자공학회논문지S
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• 제36S권12호
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• pp.107-119
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• 1999

일반적인 영상에서 얼굴의 위치를 찾아내는 문제는 넓은 응용 영역에도 불구하고 변형의 다양성 때문에 아직도 많은 연구를 필요로 하는 주제이다. 표정, 방향, 회전, 크기, 성별, 나이 등에 따른 얼굴의 변형이 다양하기 때문이다. 이러한 변형을 적절하게 고려하기 위해서 본 논문에서는 특징 요소에 기반을 둔 방법을 사용하였다. 얼굴을 이루는 특징 요소들, 즉, 눈썹, 눈, 코, 입의 배치에 근거해서 얼마나 실제의 얼굴과 비슷한 배치를 이루는 가를 계산하여 얼굴의 위치를 확인한다. 이러한 작업에서는 특징 요소들을 정확히 찾아내는 것이 중요한 문제이다. 본 논문에서는 특징 요소를 정확히 찾기 위하여 일반적인 에지를 찾는 방법대신 크기나 방향을 고려하는 조정 가능한 필터를 사용하였고 특징 요소 기반 방법의 약점을 극복하기 위해서 변형 가능한 템플릿을 사용하여 검증작업을 수행하였다. 또한 기존의 특징 요소 기반 방법을 영상 전체에 대해 적용하면서 검출률이 떨어지는 것을 고려해 본 논문에서는 칼라 영상의 색 정보를 이용하여 작업 영역을 줄이고 검출률을 높이기 위해 변화가 다양한 살색을 찾을 수 있는 분석적인 살색 필터를 구성하였다.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.181-195
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of personal characteristics, social support, depression, and metamemory on the older adults' memory performances. The subjects of the study consisted of 95 older adults over the age of 60 who are living in Busan. Some data were collected by means of the interview method, using questionnaires for metamemory (MIA questionnaire by Dixon, et al., 1988), and depression(GDS by Yesavage and Sheikl, 1986), social resoueces(Duke university, 1978), family support(Hyun-Sook Kang, 1985). The other data were collected by the testing method on the memory performance such as the immeadiate word recall task, the delayed word recall task, the word recognition task(Elderly Verbal Learning Test by Kyung Mi Choi, 1998), and the face recognition task(Face Recognition Task tool developed by Hye-Sook Min). The results of this study were as follows; 1. The level of metamemory is 3.4 points in the 5 point scale, the grades of the task and the achievement are relatively high and the grades of the change, the control, and the anxiety are relatively low in the sub-concepts. 2. Metamemory have significant relation with age(r=-.44), educational attainment(r=.46), depression(r=-.58), family support(r=.20), social resources(r=.20). 3. The significant variables to predict older adults' metamemory are educational attainment(22%), sex(11%), age (8.3%), depression(4.7%), and illness state(3%). 4. The strong variables to predict memory performances are metamemory, age, depression, social resources, educational attainment, illness state, and limitation of daily living activity related to illness. In conclusion, the enhancement strategies of metamemory and the social support and the prevention or reduction of depression are necessary to increase older adults' memory performances. Ultimately in this respect nurses' roles are very important in developing and performing some intervention programs for old adults' memory improvement, which have significant meanings in the field of nursing science.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book II
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• pp.424-437
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• 2003

This study was observed the variations in skin color, hydration, sebum content according to age groups at the forehead, both cheeks, and chin in 154 healthy Korean women subjects with aged 30 to 59. We selected four face sites (forehead, right cheek, left cheek, and chin) and measured with chromameter, corneometer, and sebumeter. All statistical analysis was performed on the computer software package SPSS 8.0. There was no significant difference of lightness between facial four regions in age groups but lightness showed to tend to age-related decrease on each regions. Redness and yellowness showed the highest values on chin and forehead respectively but there was no tendency to steady changes according to age variation. Both cheeks showed the highest hydration level and the lowest sebum content compared with forehead and chin in all age groups and there was tendency to age-related changes of sebum content on both cheeks. So we concluded there was decreasing tendency in lightness and sebum content according to the increase of age and there was no age-related change of skin hydration level at least in facial skin.(omitted)

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.165-183
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• 1987

The purpose of this study is to investigate the cephalo-facio-dental relationships in the craniofacial complex and their changes with age, and to use them for diagnostic and treatment purposes in the orthodontics The author studied on the changes of the cephalo-facio-dental relationships, using serial lateral cephalometric roentgenograms of 46 boys and 47 girls aged from 6 to 11 years of normal Korean children Following results were obtained 1 Means and Standard deviation of Korean children were obtained. 2 In the evaluation of the craniofacial vertical proportions, lower anterior face was larger than the upper, and upper posterior face was larger than the lower at all ages 3 The growth change was more prominent in the anterior craniofacial vertical proportion than in the posterior, and growth increment in the upper anterior facial height dimension was larger than m the lower anterior. 4 In the evaluation of the craniofacial horizontal proportion, ANS, Pog, Go and 6 were all situated posterior to their reference ares, and point B was always situated anterior to the arc passing by point A. 5. Anteroposterior growth change was the most prominent in the mandible, and there was no significant difference between the horizontal growth increment in the cranial base and that in the maxilla 6 Growth increment in the horizontal direction was larger in the mandibular apical base than in the maxillary apical base 7 The upper central incisor and the upper first molar were gradually anterior positioned against their reference ares with age increase 8 The length of mandibular corpus was larger than that of cranial base from the seven years old, and the difference was increased as the age increased 9 With age, there was slight difference in the angular relationships formed by craniofacial reference planes and axial inclinations of upper and lower permanent teeth.