• 한국의류학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.580-589
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• 1995

When age-role i-: being confused and fasion is as whimsical as these days, the norm on the length of the skirt can be a matter of controversy. This study aimed to see if there exists decisive norm on skirt lengths according to the age of feminine stimuli and the sex and age of perceiver. It also aimed to find out whether the norm of the individual perceiver is influenced by the assumed norm of generalized others. Questionnaire including linedrawings of feminine lower body was given out to be marked with age-proper length of skirt. Results revealed existence of certain length norms according to the age of the stimuli. Norms also varied according to the age of the perceiver and interaction effects among the age, sex of the perceiver and the age of the stimuli existed. Assumed norms of the generalized others were different from the actual norms of the individual. Interaction between the ages of the stimuli and perceiver affected the difference between the actural individual norm and the assumed norm of the generalized others.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2021

본 연구는 노인의 연령규범과 사회활동, 그리고 삶의 만족도 간의 구조적 인과관계를 검증하고 노인의 죽음준비행동의 조절효과를 검증하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 분석을 위해 2017년 노인실태조사 자료 중 배우자와 자녀가 있는 노인 6,288명을 대상으로 하였으며 구조방정식 모형을 적용하였다. 연구결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 노인의 연령규범이 긍정적일수록 노인의 사회활동이 유의하게 상승한다. 둘째, 노인의 사회활동이 늘어나면 삶의 만족도가 유의하게 상승한다. 셋째, 노인의 연령규범이 긍정적일수록 노인의 삶의 만족도가 유의하게 상승한다. 넷째, 노인의 연령규범과 삶의 만족도 간의 관계에서 사회활동의 유의한 정(+)의 매개효과가 있었다. 다섯째, 노인의 연령규범, 사회활동, 그리고 삶의 만족도의 구조적 인과관계에서 죽음준비행동의 조절효과를 검증한 결과 연령규범이 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향에서 죽음준비를 하지 않는 노인이 죽음준비를 한 노인에 비해 그 영향력이 유의한 차이로 크게 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 노인의 삶의 만족도를 높일 수 있는 실천방안을 제언하였다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.149-160
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• 2023

Purpose: Based on the health belief model and theory of planned behavior, this study investigated how age group (adolescence and emerging adulthood) moderated the relative effects of perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, and subjective norms on preventive behavior against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: This secondary data analysis utilized data from adolescents (n=272) and emerging adults (n=239). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed to test the moderating effect of age group on the relationships among variables. Results: Higher perceived susceptibility (β=.21, p<.001), perceived severity (β=.14, p=.002), subjective norms (friends) (β=.26, p<.001), subjective norms (parents) (β=.44, p<.001), and subjective norms (schools) (β=.28, p<.001) enhanced COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Moderated regression analysis showed that subjective norms (friends and school) impacted preventive behavior in adolescents more than in emerging adults. Conclusion: Given the need to increase perceived susceptibility and severity among adolescents and emerging adults, these findings provide baseline data for designing effective COVID-19 prevention interventions that consider the developmental characteristics of different age groups. Interventions by health centers at universities can strengthen COVID-19 preventive behavior among emerging adults. As adolescents are influenced by friends, their peer roles must be strengthened to enhance adherence to COVID-19 preventive guidelines.

• 한국가족관계학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.77-98
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• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore perceived meanings of dating and marriage among well-educated Korean couples who were in optimal marriageable ages. Particularly, an emphasis was placed on finding out where the traditional gender norms and post-modern contexts intersect on the couples' course of dating and marriage. Method: We undertook a qualitative analysis of 8 couples (age: 26-34) dating. Participants were limited to university graduates of upper-middle rank universities in Seoul, South Korea. The rationale for choosing such sample was based on the idea that characteristics of class is inherent in the act of dating and marriage, and that such characteristics lead to different contextual experiences in dating and marriage. This study was based on interviews conducted over a three-month time span. The interviews were first transcribed into research text and then subjects and key categories were drawn from the transcripts for analysis. Results: Participants sought meanings of joy, learning, and self-improvement in dating, and they were free from traditional gender norms in their romantic relationships. They viewed marriage as having a permanent companionship with their partner, becoming independent from their parents, and/or a social norm to be followed. Participants reported mixed perceptions about marriage in such fashion that they described their parents' relationship in terms of a gendered leader-supporter relationship, while viewing their own relationship as being genderless partners. In transition to parenthood, however, they regressed to traditional gender norms dichotomized as women being a homemaker and men being a breadwinner. In sum, participants displayed expectations that were inconsistent with regard to dating and marriage over the study period. That is, during the course of dating and early marriage, they did not hold separated gender norms; however, when transitioning from being a newly married couple to giving their first childbirth, expectations shifted to traditional gender norms and values. Conclusion: This suggests that it is not marriage, but the experience of childbirth and motherhood, which strengthen traditional gendered norms, engendering regeneration of the gender norms in families. The results indicate that there is a need to promote co-parenting behavior among the newly-married couples and to educate gender equality about parent roles or for parents in South Korea so that they can overcome traditional gendered norms in family.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.12-23
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• 2021

Purpose: This study explored how and why young and middle-aged adults disclose depressive feelings to others. In particular, we investigated the role of social norms to see whether using mobile instant messaging (MIM) could lower the perceived barriers of emotional disclosure. Furthermore, the motivations of emotional disclosure via MIM were compared between young and middle-aged adults. Methods: A total of 255 Koreans (128 middle-aged people, 127 young adults) participated in an online survey. Pearson's correlation coefficients, paired t-tests, SPSS PROCESS macro, and exploratory factor analysis were used to examine the relationships among the key variables. Results: The perceived social norms were found to be a significant deterrent in disclosing depressive feelings to others. However, there was a significant interaction effect between generations and perceived social norms. Although young adults with low social norm awareness were more likely to disclose depressive feelings via MIM, emotional disclosure among middle-aged adults increased with higher levels of perceived social norms. Also, different motivations were observed. Conclusion: The results confirmed the significant effect of social norms as well as generational differences when using MIM as a channel of emotional disclosure.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.123-135
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• 2001

The purpose of this paper is to examine bedroom-need norms and the relationship between normative deficits for bedroom sharing and housing space satisfaction of adolescent. Three cases were mainly considered to apply for adolescents to share a bedroom: maximum age and number limits of a child sharing a parents'bedroom, maximum age of an old child sharing a bedroom with its siblings of the opposite sex, and maximum age of an old child sharing a bedroom with its siblings of the same sex. The data were collected 400 eighth grade students in the three different size of regions, June-July, 1999 and 379 cases were finally analyzed. The result showed that the normative deficits for bedroom sharing was a statistically signiticant factor to explain housing space satisfaction of adolescents even though the condition of bedroom sharing was the most influencial variable. This reset supports the family housing adjustment behavior model of Morris and Winter.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.199-221
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 한국 성인의 가치와 의사소통 방식 간의 관계에서 연령과 성별의 조절효과를 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 전국의 성인 남녀 500명에게 문화보편적 가치(변화에 대한 개방성, 자기고양, 보수주의, 자기초월), 문화특수적 가치(집단주의, 규범에 대한 동조, 정서적 자기통제, 성취를 통한 가족의 인정, 겸손), 고-맥락 의사소통 방식, 그리고 저-맥락 의사소통 방식을 측정하는 설문에 응답하도록 하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 의사소통 방식에 영향을 미치는 요인을 탐색해 본 결과, 자기고양, 정서적 자기통제, 자기초월은 고-맥락 의사소통 방식을 유의하게 예측하였으며, 변화에 대한 개방성, 자기고양, 규범에 대한 동조, 정서적 자기통제, 성별은 저-맥락 의사소통 방식을 유의하게 예측하였다. 둘째, 자기고양과 고-맥락 의사소통 방식 간의 관계를 연령이 조절하였다. 자기고양이 높고 연령이 낮은 경우 고-맥락 의사소통 방식이 현저하게 높아졌다. 셋째, 규범에 대한 동조와 고-맥락 의사소통 방식 간의 관계를 연령과 성별이 조절하였다. 규범에 대한 동조가 높고 연령이 낮은 남성의 경우 고-맥락 의사소통 방식이 현저하게 높아졌다. 넷째, 집단주의와 저-맥락 의사소통 방식 간의 관계를 성별이 조절하였다. 집단주의가 높아질수록 남성은 저-맥락 의사소통 방식이 높아지는 경향이 있었던 반면, 여성은 저-맥락 의사소통 방식이 낮아지는 경향이 있었다. 다섯째, 겸손과 저-맥락 의사소통 방식 간의 관계를 성별이 조절하였다. 겸손이 높은 여성의 경우 저-맥락 의사소통 방식이 현저하게 낮아졌다. 본 연구 결과의 함의 및 제한점을 논의하였다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.127-138
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• 1982

The present study was performed to establish the cephalometric norms and to study characteristics of craniofacial skeleton of Korean male and female with normal occlusion. The author studied and analyzed statistically vertical cephalometric measurements of the 52 adult male ranging in age from 18 to 26 years and 43 adult female ranging in age from 16 to 30 years with normal occlusion and acceptable profile. The results were as follows; 1. Cephalometric craniofacial norms and standard deviation chart were abtained about adult Korean male and female with normal occlusion. 2. Vertical dimensions of the craniofacial skeleton were larger in male than in female. 3. Lower face was more divergent in female than in male. 4. In simple correlation coefficients between vertical linear mesurements in male and female, high correlation were shown between ATFH and ALFH, PTFH and PLFH, ALFH and ALDH, PLFH and PLDH.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.65-84
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• 2014

This study was performed to explore the factors that affect the debt-reuse intention of defaulters. The focus of this study is on defaulters who used debt for stock investment. Debt-usage differences were considered since they had different psychological backgrounds. A total of 712 self-administered questionnaires (stock=131 and no-stock=581) were analyzed using SPSS. The major findings were as follows : First, the level of perceived behavioral control was the highest and the level of attitudes toward using debt was the lowest among the psychological factors in both groups. Second, perceived behavioral control was different according to age and income. No such significant association was found in attitudes toward using debt, subjective norms and behavioral intention in the stock group. Third, behavioral intention was explained by attitudes toward using debt and subjective norms in the stock group. However, in the no-stock group, behavioral intention was explained by attitudes toward using debt, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control. These findings have important pragmatical meaning in that they show the determinants of debt reuse by stock investment defaulters.

• 한국조사연구학회지:조사연구
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.47-76
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• 2017

본 연구는 20대 이상 성인 남녀를 대상으로 우리 사회에 만연한 연령규범이 고령근로자에 대한 부정적 인식과의 관계를 확인하고, 고령근로자를 위한 고용서비스 인지가 활동적 그리고 분리적 연령규범과 고령근로자에 대한 부정적 인식의 관계에 조절효과를 가지고 있는지 확인하기 위해 실시되었다. 이를 위해 본 연구의 대상은 15개 지역에 거주하고 있는 만 20세 이상 성인 남녀 중 현재 직업을 가지고 있는 총 630명이며, SPSS Win 18을 활용하여 데이터를 분석하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 거주지역에 따라 고령근로자에 대한 부정적 인식의 정도에 차이가 나타나는 것으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 분리적 연령규범은 고령근로자에 대한 부정적 인식에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 마지막으로, 다중회귀분석 결과 고용서비스 인지는 분리적 연령규범과 고령근로자에 대한 부정적 인식의 관계에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 이를 통해 고용서비스 인지의 조절효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과에 근거하여 고령근로자에 대한 부정적 인식을 유연하게 할 수 있는 실천적 방안을 제시하였다.