In the present life of us, the challenges, we face essentially, relate to human quality and personality. It is a fact that can be easily understood through a situation of present education and the law. The research in the eastern philosophy of the 'personality' has been handled in regard to Yangmingxue, but a practical principle of education can be also found in an aspect of Zhuzixue indeed. That is Zhu'zi's study of 'gaining knowledge by the study of things' which was criticized by Yangming. This paper is to examine that with 'gaining knowledge by the study of things', which is known as study of 'zhi', we can find the practical principle which is applied to the education of personality. This research is to examine the relationship between 'Zundexing(尊德性)' and 'Daowenxue(道問學)' which are characters of cultivating study of Zhuzixue and the characteristics of the study of Zhu'zi by examining 'gaining knowledge by the study of things', the main method of 'Daowenzue'. This study, then, to show the meaning of study of 'gaining knowledge by the study of things' exploring prncan appropriate education of personality in this time drawing practical principle which can be applied to education of personality through the process and principle of 'taking the objective principles(格物)' and 'achieving morl self-Congnition(致知)'. Then, through the process and principles of 'taking the objective principles' and 'achieving morl self-Congnition ', this paper explore factors of the education of personality and the principles that can be applied in the education field, so as to reveal the significance of studying 'gaining knowledge by the study of things' in terms of the education of personality for this age.
This thesis investigates wrote by Lee Han Jin who edited "Chung Ku Young Un(靑丘永言)" with supposition that was affected by Lee Han Jin's literary activity and poetic direction, and Wayu(臥遊) was enjoyed by Sajok(士族) in the late Chosun Period. Lee Han Jin kept company with The Yeonam Faction and their friendship was based on Lee Han Jin's blood-relationship. Lee Han Jin's musical sense and poetic direction are verified by records about their poetic activity. In his old age, Lee Han Jin retired in the Yeongpyeong of Gyeonggido and edited "Chung Ku Young Un", Lee Han Jin's poetic direction is also verified by Sijo's theme which was included in "Chung Ku Young Un" and Lee Han Jin's Sijo. Meanwhile, Kyunghwasajok(京華士族) in the late Chosun Period wanted to overcome their situation that they could not leave city by imagination about landscape. That activity was Wayu. They didn't consider whether they see landscape, and they made good use of many genre of literature for effective Wayu. Lee Han Jin and his group's literary activity was formed by that cultural air. Lee Han Jin wrote though his retirement in mountain. It was also for effective imagination about landscape that he didn't see. So unworldly landscape was appeared in compared to other fishermen motif poems. The tension between Situation that he couldn't see real landscape and desire for effective Wayu get solved by form named that have distinct characteristic as a Jipgusi(集句詩).
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the radiological and epidemiological characteristics, as well as the clinical course of pelvic insufficiency fractures in the elderly population. Materials and Methods: At a Haeundae Paik Hospital, we retrospectively reviewed patients with pelvic insufficiency fractures between March 2010 and May 2017. The demographic data of patients were analyzed, and bone mineral density and bone turnover markers were evaluated to estimate the metabolic status of the bone. The radiological characteristics were evaluated by comparing the simple x-ray images with the computed tomography images, and the types of fractures were classified via computed tomography images. For clinical course evaluation, we investigated comorbid complications, and compared the walking ability scale before and 6 months after the fracture. Results: A total of 42 patients were included, with an average age of 76.5 years. All were female except one case. In 5 cases where the initial medical examination was from another institution, the fracture was not found in 3 cases. All cases received conservative treatment. After the diagnosis of pelvic bone fracture using a simple x-ray imaging, additional fractures were found in 81.0% of the study population using a computed tomography. Initiation of gait occurred at an average of 2.8 weeks, and every case except 1 (97.6%) fully recovered their gait ability. Conclusion: We concluded that there was a limitation with diagnosing pelvic insufficiency fracture using only a simple x-ray imaging technique. In general, cases in this study showed conservative treatment yielded favorable clinical outcome with relatively less critical complications.
This study conducted a meta-analysis on the variables related with case management performance in Korea. In order to do a meta-analysis, a total of 27 journals, theses and dissertations published between 1998 and 2020 were reviewed systematically. Through this process, this study calculated average effect size of each variable and explored moderator variables. This study results were as follows. First, this study identified a total of 14 individual, enviroment of institution, population variables related with case management performance. Second, the results indicated that case management performance variables which showed large effect sizes included professional capability, supervision, network, case management significance recognition, manual, agency support. Third, variables with medium effect sizes included self-efficacy, case management education, autonomy, motivation, number of conference and variables with small effect sizes included work experience, academic ability, age. Fourth, Moderator effects were identified in the field, target, publication of case management. Finally, the implications of the study findings were discussed.
A recent rapid growth in the number of Chinese international students in Korea has generated interest in the key factors to affect their acculturation in domestic culture. In accordance with the growing interest, the present study aims to empirically test and analyze the effects of demographics (gender, age, the length of stay, the length of Korean language education and the level of Korean language skills), SNS use patterns (personal network sizes and hours of use for Korean and Chinese SNS, and motivations of Korean or Chinese SNS uses), and social support through Korean and Chinese SNS on acculturation for Chinese international students in Korea. A total of 322 Chinese international students in Korea participated in the online survey. Results showed that use of Chinese SNS for entertainment had an negative impact on the acculturation, while the use of Korean SNS had an overall positive impact. Finally, this study suggests that the practitioners regarding the issue of acculturation for international students in Korea should focus more on specific guidelines to help their appropriate SNS uses rather than on to prevent their SNS addiction problems.
Park, Hyung Hun;Choi, Kyu Ill;Lee, Je Won;Park, Jung Min;Park, Jinwook;Noh, Sang Moon;Cho, Jaekyung;Lee, Daero;Cho, Jae Chul;Park, Dong Chan;Kim, Yang Hun;Lee, Joo Hwan
Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
/
v.18
no.2
/
pp.110-115
/
2020
Purpose: Acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with glyphosate poisoning has a poor prognosis. This study aimed to predict the risk factors for AKI in patients with glyphosate poisoning at the emergency department (ED). Methods: Clinical data on glyphosate poisoning patients at ED who were older than 18 years were collected retrospectively between January 2013 and December 2019. The clinical characteristics and clinical outcomes of the AKI group in patients with glyphosate poisoning were compared with the non-AKI (NAKI) group. Results: Of 63 glyphosate poisoning patients, AKI was observed in 15 (23.8%). The AKI patients group showed the following: old age (p=0.038), low systolic blood pressure (p=0.021), large amount of ingestion (p=0.026), delayed hospital visits (p=0.009), high white blood cells (WBC) (p<0.001), high neutrophil counts (p<0.001), high neutrophil-lymphocyte (LN) ratios (p<0.001), high serum potassium (p=0.005), low arterial blood pH (p=0.015), and low pO2 (p=0.021), low bicarbonate (p=0.009), and high Poisoning Severity Score (PSS) (p<0.001). AKI patients required hemodialysis, ventilator care (p<0.001, p=0.002), and inotropics (p<0.001). They also showed more intensive care unit admission (p<0.001), longer hospitalization (p<0.001), and high mortality (p<0.001). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that high WBCs (OR, 1.223) and increased LN ratios (OR, 1.414) were independently associated with the occurrence of AKI. Conclusion: In patients with glyphosate poisoning at ED, high WBCs and increased LN ratios can help predict the occurrence of AKI.
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is a major cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs), which is one of the most common infectious diseases in humans worldwide. Since UPEC is increasingly gaining resistance to many antimicrobial agents, antibiotic therapy of UTI has recently become a great concern. This study examined the epidemiological relationship, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of 84 UPEC isolates obtained from UTI patients in Daejeon, from March to December 2017. Molecular epidemiology was investigated by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and an antimicrobial susceptibility test was determined using an E-test. In this study, UTI was more common in females (73.8%) than in males (26.2%), and the highest incidence of UTI was observed in the age group in their 70s. Among the 84 UPEC isolates, 59 isolates (70.2%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR), and the major sequence type was ST131 (44 isolates, 52.4%). Interestingly, the rates of MDR in non-ST131 isolates (72.5%) were higher compared to ST131 isolates (68.2%). These results indicate the possibility of the development and spread of MDR in non-ST131 isolates. Effective surveillance networks and continuous research need to be conducted globally to prevent the emergence and international spread of MDR non-ST131 isolates.
Lee, Jeong Hwa;Choi, Sangchun;Yoon, Sang Kyu;Shin, Kyu Cheol
Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
/
v.18
no.2
/
pp.78-84
/
2020
Purpose: In acute acetaminophen poisoning, the administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can effectively treat the main complications, such as kidney injury and liver failure. In the current situation, measurements of the acetaminophen concentration are not checked in the usual medical facilities. Therefore, this study examined the factors of determining the administration of NAC in addition to the stated amount of intake. Methods: The medical records of patients who visited Ajou University Hospital emergency center with acetaminophen poisoning from January 2015 to December 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. One hundred and seventy-nine patients were initially included. Among these patients, 82 patients were finally selected according to the inclusion criteria in the study. The inclusion criteria were as follows: patients who were 15 years of age or older; those whose ingested dose, ingested time, and body weight were clearly identified; and patients whose acetaminophen sampling time was within 24 hours. Patients were divided into two groups: NAC administered vs. non-NAC administered. The following variables were compared in these two groups: ingested dose, ingested dose per body weight, hospital arrival time after ingestion, suicide attempt history, psychiatric disease history, classification of toxic/non-toxic groups, duration of hospitalization, and laboratory results. Results: Univariate analysis revealed the ingested dose per body weight, hospital arrival time after ingestion, suicide attempt history, and psychiatric disease history to be the determining factors in administering NAC. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that the ingested dose per body weight was the only significant factor leading to an NAC treatment decision. (Odds ratio=1.039, 95% Confidential interval=1.009-1.070, p=0.009) Conclusion: The ingested dose per body weight was the only determining factor for administering NAC in patients with acute acetaminophen poisoning. On the other hand, additional criteria or indicators for the NAC administration decision will be necessary considering the inaccuracy of the ingested dose per body weight and the efficiency of NAC administration.
Recently, the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in respiratory specimens has decreased, and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) has increased. This study examined the increase in NTM lung disease patients and their age and sex distribution compared to the increase in NTM detection in 132,359 respiratory specimens examined in a Gwangju Secondary Hospital from 2010 to 2019. Furthermore, the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis infection in NTM positive patients was investigated. The positive rates of the mycobacterial culture were 21.9% (1,624/7,403) in 2010 and 17.4% (1,937/11,161) in 2019. The NTM recovery rate increased from 38.0% (617/1,624) in 2010 to 72.4% (1,403/1,937) in 2019. The average diagnosis rate of NTM lung disease in the NTM positive patients was 27.1%. Among them, cases of current pulmonary tuberculosis infection decreased from 44.9% in 2010 to 23.4% in 2019, and cases of previous diagnosis or treatment decreased from 15.8% to 10.7%. Of all NTM lung diseases, 69.0% were in their 60s or older, with more females than males. In the future, according to aging and tuberculosis management policies, NTM detection is expected to increase while MTBC decreases and laboratories must pay close attention to this phenomenon and constantly monitor the test results.
This study is a descriptive research to grasp the effects of nurse practice environment on organizational commitment and to confirm the mediating effect of resilience. The subjects of this study were 150 nurses who agreed to participate in this study among clinical nurses working in university hospital and General hospital located in City J and City J and the data were collected through survey. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 25.0 program. Mean scores were organizational commitment 3.38, nurse practice environment 2.62, and resilience index 3.45. There were significant differences on the organizational commitment index for : age, marriage, clinical experience, job satisfaction and a positive correlation between nurse practice environment and organizational commitment, between nurse practice environment and resilience index and between organizational commitment and resilience index. As a result of research, resilience partially mediated the relationship between nurse practice environment and organizational commitment. The findings suggest that in order to improve the organizational commitment of nurse, converged organizational commitment arbitration program strategies are needed to improve the nurse practice environment and resilience of nurses.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.