• 약학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.348-351
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• 1991

A new agar-disk method was developed from the fast selection and characterization of antibiotic producing organisms.

• 약학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.245-251
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• 1991

Selective culture of actinomycetes from soil microbes and their antibiotic producing characters by agar-disk method were examined. Some of the organisms which produced antibiotics on agar disk did not produce antibiotics in liquid culture. Further examination indicated that production of antibiotic was dependent on the composition of medium. Many streptomycestes produced antibacterial substances in tryptic soy broth but others produced antifungal antibiotics in V-8 broth. Production of antibacterial substances by Streptomyces sp. was also dependent on the medium composition.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.18-35
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• 1999

Coptidis Rhizoma, Fraxini Cortex, Jinpisan(秦皮散) have been as eye washes of inflammatory eye disease in the oriental medicine. Especially Jinpisan(秦皮散) has been used for the disease which is similar to Peudomonas aeruginisa keratitis. This research was attempted to investigate the effect of Coptidis Rhizoma, Fraxini Cortex, Jinpisan(秦皮散), on Peudoronas aeruginisa keratitis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis causes a deep rapid intense ulceration which often leads to perforation of the cornea within 48 hours. In this research, we induced keratits in the rabbits by inoculating Pesudomonas aeruginosa(9027) and observed the effect on the keratitis and the irritation against the external eye. Also we mesured the minimum inhibitory consentration(MIC) of Coptidis Rhizoma, Fraxini Cortex, Jinpisan(秦皮散) by agar diliution method and the anti-bacterial activites by disk method. The tested bacteria were as follows : a) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9027), b) Streptococcus pneumoniae(6303), c) Staphylococcus epidermidis(12228), d) Staphylococcus aureus(6538P). The results were as follows ; 1. The groups which were applied eye washes of Fraxini Cortex, Jinpisan reavealed a significant effect, but the group applied eye wash of Coptidis Rhizoma reveaded no effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis. 2. Applying eye washes of Coptidis Rhizoma, Fraxini Cortex, Jinisan revealed an irritation against external eyes. 3. Coptidis Rhizoma showed an anti-bacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylucoccus aureus by agar diliution method 4. Coptidis Rhizoma showed an anti-bacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus by disk method. 5. Fraxini Cortex showed an anti-bacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus by agar diliution method 6. Fraxini Cortex showed an anti-bacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Sireptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphy1ococcus aureus by disk method. 7. Jinpisan showed an anti-bacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus by agar diliution method. 8. Jinpisan showed an anti-bacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus by disk method. According to the above results, Fraxini Cortex, Jinpisan(秦皮散) are recognized to have an effective treatment on the Pesudomonas aeruginosa keratitis, so this experiment is thought to be a basic ingredient in proving the effect of Fraxini Cortex, Jinpisan which is applied many in documents and clinical medicine. In the comparison of anti-bacterial activity and results of treatment on the Pesudomonas aeruginosa keratitis, Jinpisan(秦皮散) was more effective than Coptidis Rhizoma, Fraxini Cortex.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.719-723
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• 2011

Antimicrobial activities of methanol, ethanol, water, and $CH_2Cl_2$ extracts from Fritillaria unibracteata Hsiao et K.C. Hsia and F. ussuriensis Maxim. were investigated by disk-agar diffusion method. The result showed comparatively strong antimicrobial activity against several microorganisms. The extracts from F. unibracteata and F. ussuriensis dosedependently increased the activity. However, water and $CH_2Cl_2$ extracts showed no antimicrobial activity against 7 microorganisms. Especially, against the most sensitive microorganism Staphylococcus epidermidis, methanol extracts at highest concentration of 20 mg/mL exhibited the largest clear zone on plate by 6-12 mm and ethanol extracts on plate by 6-10 mm.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.817-819
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• 2006

8-Quinolinol and other quinolinol derivatives were evaluated with regard to their growth-inhibitory effects against intestinal bacteria, using the paper disk-agar diffusion method. The observed growth responses varied according to the chemicals and dosages used, as well as the bacterial species tested. 8-Quinolinol showed a significant inhibitory effect against Clostridium difficile, C. perfringens, and Escherichia coli, at 5, 2, 1, and 0.5 mg/disk, and also exhibited a very strong inhibitory effect at 0.25 mg/disk. At low concentrations, 8-quinolinol had strong inhibitory effects against C. perfringens at 0.1 and 0.05 mg/disk; 8-quinolinol also manifested a moderate inhibitory effect against C. perfringens at 0.025 mg/disk. Furthermore, 8-quinolinol revealed moderate and weak growth inhibition against C. difficile and E. coli at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.05 mg/disk, respectively, but 2-quinolinol, 4-quinolinol, and 6-quinolinol evidenced no growth inhibition against B. bifidum, B. longum, C. difficile, C. perfringens, E. coli, or L. casei. The inhibitory effects of 8-quinolinol against C. difficile, C. perfringens, and E. coli lead to its consideration as a possible therapeutic modality for the treatment of diseases associated with harmful intestinal bacteria.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.21-25
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• 2013

Acinetobacter baumannii is an aerobic, gram-negative and glucose-non-fermenting bacterium, which has emerged as a serious opportunistic pathogen. Many clinical microbiology laboratories use the Vitek 2 system for the routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing process, including testing on A. baumannii isolates. However, in case of amikacin, it is now recommended to perform additional antimicrobial susceptibility testing for A. baumannii strains due to the relatively lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the Vitek 2 system compared to conventional reference methods. In our study, we assessed MIC for amikacin susceptibility testing of A. baumannii isolates in the Vitek 2 system, the agar dilution, Etest, and disk diffusion method. We collected 40 gentamicin-resistant, A. baumannii strains (amikacin MIC by Vitek 2:${\leq}2{\mu}g/mL$, 2 isolates; $4{\mu}g/mL$, 34 isolates; $8{\mu}g/mL$, 4 isolates) from a University hospital and compared the Vitek 2 system to other reference methods for testing susceptibility to amikacin. The Vitek 2 system showed major errors in all of the 40 isolates, yielding a low MIC. The results of our study strongly suggested that the Vitek 2 system was not a reliable method to test the MICs of gentamicin; ranging from ${\geq}16{\mu}g/mL$ for amikacin susceptibility. Other tests, such as agar dilution, Etest, or disk diffusion methods, should be paralleled to determine the MIC of amikacin in A. baumannii.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.694-699
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• 2009

프로폴리스 에탄올 추출물의 항돌연변이 및 항균효과를 시험하여 국내산과 미국산 프로폴리스의 생리활성을 평가하였다. 항돌연변이 활성은 Ames test로, 항균활성은 여드름 형성에 관여하는 미생물인 P. acnes, S. Epidermidis, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa에 대한 생육 억제효과를 paper disk 법과 agar dilution 법으로 평가하였다. S. Typhimurium TA98 균주에 있어서 $1-200\;{\mu}g$/plate 농도로 70% 에탄올 추출물을 첨가했을 때 Trp-p-1에 의해 유도된 돌연변이에 대해 국내산 0.9-91.3%, 미국산 0.5-104.2%, 2-AA에 의해 유도된 돌연변이에 대해서는 국내산 37.6-94.4%, 미국산 21.0-97.7%의 돌연변이 억제효과를 용량 의존적으로 각각 나타내었다. 항균활성을 paper disk 법으로 평가했을 때 P. acnes, S. Epidermidis, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa에 대해 70% 에탄올 추출물의 $5,000\;{\mu}g$/paper disk 농도에서의 생육 저지환의 크기는 국내산이 각각 5.7, 5.9, 6.8, 5.2 mm, 미국산이 각각 5.7, 6.2, 6.7, 5.9 mm이었다. Agar dilution 법으로 평가한 MIC는 P. acnes, P. aeruginosa S. Epidermidis, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa에 대해 국내산, 미국산 모두 5,000, 1,500, 1,500, $1,500\;{\mu}g/mL$로 나타났다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.506-511
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• 1994

천연자원에서 향균성 물질을 찾고자 수종의 식용 식물을 검색하는 과정에서 쑥(Artemisia princeps var. orientalis)의 추출물이 항균활생이 비교적 높았다. 쑥의 메탄올 추출물을 겨l통분획한 ethyl acetate 분획물(EtOAc)은 agar diffusion법에셔 항균활성이 가장 높았으며, EtOAc로부터 분리된 화합물 중 0­C coumaric acid(200 -600ppm)는 B. subtilis(12.6 ~ -18.0mm)와 s. typmηwrium( 12.6-16.6mm)에 대하 여 우수한 항균활성을 나타내였고, 그 유도체인 p­C coumanc a디d는 약 1.2 -1.7배 정도의 항균활성을 증가시켰다 Coumaric acid의 3가지는 액체배양에 서 B. subtilis 증식응 모두 강하게 억제하였으며, S. typmmuriuη2, P. aeruginosa 및 s. aureus의 증식 억제에는 각각 0-, m- 및 p-coumaric a디d가 효과적 이었다. B. subtilis의 반고체 agar 배양에셔 pc coumaric acid의 MID는 $\100∼200mu\textrm{g}$/disk였다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.77-81
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• 1998

실험에는 Bacillus subtilis BGA, Bacillus cereus var. mycoides ATCC 11778, Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341을 상법에 따라 제작하여 muller hinton agar(Difco)에 각각 접종한 뒤, 3가지 조건의 pH가 조정된 검사용 평판배지(plate)인 B. subtilis(pH 6.0), B. cereus(pH 6.0), B. subtilis(pH7.2), B. subtilis(pH 8.0), M. luteus(pH 8.0)의 EEC 4-plate변법을 이용하였다. 넙치에 옥시테트라싸이클린(OTC)을 농도 100 mg/kg/day으로 단 1회 강제 경구 투여한 후 1일, 3일, 5일, 10일, 15일, 20일, 25일 30일마다 3마리씩 채취하여 시료의 처리를 각각 달리한 근육직접법, 추출디스크법, 직접디스크법의 3종류 간이스크리닝법으로써 OTC의 잔존유무를 분석하였다 B. subtilis(pH 6.0)배지는 투여 후 1일째 근육직접법에서만 양성반응으로 의심되는 의양성 반응(${\pm}$)을 나타내었을 뿐 30일까지 간이스크리닝법 3종류가 모두 음성 반응을 나타내었다. B. subtilis(7.2), B. subtilis(8.0), M. luteus(8.0)배지는 투여 후 1일째부터 30일까지 간이스크리닝법 3종류가 모두 음성반응을 나타내었다. 그러나 B. cereus(pH 6.0)배지는 1일째부터 15일까지 간이스크리닝법 3종류가 모두 명확한 양성반응, 투여 후 20일째 근육직접법과 직접디스크법은 의양성반응(${\pm}$)을 보였으나 추출디스크법은 분명한 음성반응, 그리고 투여 후 25일째 및 30일째는 시험조작법 모두가 음성반응을 나타내었다. 따라서 근육직접법, 추출디스크법, 직접디스크법의 간이스크리닝법 3종류는 OTC의 양성반응 판정에 커다란 차이가 없었으며, B. cereus는 OTC의 모니터링에 유효한 균주라는 사실을 확인하였다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.78-81
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• 2004

잎절편법을 이용하여 오이 흰가루병(Sphaerorheca fusca)에 대한 10개 품종의 저항성을 평가하였다 완전히 전개된 오이 잎에서 직경 10mm의 절편를 잘라내어 benzimidazole을 혼합한 한천배지에 올려놓고 포자현탁액을 10$\mu$l씩 절편에 점접종법으로 실험하였다. 흰가루병의 분생자경은 $25^{\circ}C$에서 가장 잘 형성되었다. 제1본엽의 disk를 이용하여 분생포자형성정도를 측정해 흰가루병에 대한 오이의 저항성을 평가한 결과와 하우스 포장에서의 발병도 결과간에 고도의 정의 상관을 보였다(r=0.99$^{**}$ ). 이 결과들을 통해 잎절편법을 이용하여 오이 식물체의 흰가루병(S. fusca)에 대한 저항성을 평가할 수 있었다.