• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2009

It can be used easily to reduce rehabilitation and treatment time if diagnostic and therapeutic devices are attached to cloth or body. Therefore we developed neuromuscular wearable ultra-miniature lighting modules which can improve the neuromuscular function and verified its clinical effectiveness. The system is based on the ultra-miniature lighting treatment module and there are two types of systems. One of them is designed as an attached type and the other type is combined with clothing. The wearable ultra-miniature lighting module is composed of controller (battery, MCU, bidirectional transmitter and receiver), cable, treatment medium generating device and other peripheral devices. To verify the clinical effectiveness of this device, we observed the difference of the strength of a muscle before and after 650nm and 25mW laser irradiation on the reflex point for 1 to 4 seconds. Among 48 patients having the degenerative osteoarthritis, the muscle strength before and after irradiation of laser was $21.8{\pm}7.99$ and $27.3{\pm}8.43$. According to the result, the muscle strength after treatment was significantly increased (p<0.01). To whom having difficulty in visiting to OPD(Out-Patient Department), doctors medically examine the patients and find the therapeutic point, attachment of this wearable ultra-miniature lighting module can function as self treatment (treating instrument) and treatment assist at home. If doctor can remotely control the patient and take part in treatment, the therapeutic device could contribute to prevention and care device.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.2 no.6
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• pp.771-778
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• 1998

To investigate interaction of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with local tissue renin- angiotensin system (RAS), changes in gene expression of the RAS components in various tissues in response to chronic administration of an ACE inhibitor, enalapril, were examined in Sprague-Dawley male rats. Enalapril was administered in their drinking water $(3{\sim}4\;mg/day)$ over 8 wk. Plasma and renal ACE activity increased significantly after 4 and 8 wk of enalapril treatment. Renin levels of the plasma and kidney of the enalapril-treated rats markedly increased after 4 wk and decreased thereafter, but still remained significantly higher than those of control rats. Kidney mRNA levels of renin markedly increased after 4 and 8 wk of enalapril treatment, but those of angiotensinogen and ANG II-receptor subtypes, $AT_{1A}$ and $AT_{1B}$, did not change significantly. The liver expressed genes for renin, angiotensinogen and $AT_{1A}$ receptor subtype, but $AT_{1B}$ receptor subtype mRNA was not detectable by RT-PCR. None of mRNA for these RAS components in the liver changed significantly by enalapril treatment. The hypothalamus showed mRNA expressions of renin, angiotensinogen, $AT_{1A}$ and $AT_{1B}$ receptor subtypes. $AT_{1A}$ receptor subtype mRNA was more abundant than $AT_{1B}$ receptor subtype in the hypothalamus as shown in the kidney. However, gene expression of the RAS components remained unchanged during 8-wk treatment of enalapril. In the present study, chronic ACE inhibition increased plasma and renal levels of ACE and renin, but did not affect mRNA levels of other RAS components such as angiotensinogen, ANG II receptor subtypes in the kidney. Gene levels of the RAS components in the liver and hypothalamus were not altered by chronic treatment of enalapril. These results suggest the differential expression of the RAS components in response to enalapril, and localized action and some degree of tissue specificity of enalapril.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.109-114
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• 2014

After the Fukushima accident in 2011, it was revealed that nuclear power plant has the vulnerability to SBO accident and its extension situation without sufficient cooling of reactor core resulting core meltdown and radioactive material release even after reactor shutdown. Many safety systems had been developed like PAFS, hybrid SIT, and relocation of RPV and IRWST as a part of steps for the Fukushima accident, however, their applications have limitation in the situation that supply of feedwater into reactor is impossible due to high pressure inside reactor pressure vessel. The concept of hybrid heat pipe with control rod is introduced for breaking through the limitation. Hybrid heat pipe with control rod is the passive decay heat removal system in core, which has the abilities of reactor shutdown as control rod as well as decay heat removal as heat pipe. For evaluating the cooling performance hybrid heat pipe, a commercial CFD code, ANSYS-CFX was used. First, for validating CFD results, numerical results and experimental results with same geometry and fluid conditions were compared to a tube type heat pipe resulting in a resonable agreement between them. After that, wall temperature and thermal resistances of 2 design concepts of hybrid heat pipe were analyzed about various heat inputs. For unit length, hybrid heat pipe with a tube type of $B_4C$ pellet has a decreasing tendency of thermal resistance, on the other hand, hybrid heat pipe with an annular type $B_4C$ pellet has an increasing tendency as heat input increases.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.140-146
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• 2013

Objective : There have been few comprehensive studies on the analysis of 24-hour HRV of major depressive disorder (MDD). The purpose of this study was to compare the autonomic nerve system of patients with a MDD with healthy patients and to examine the physiologic and clinical effects of 24-hour HRV by analyzing whether the HRV demonstrates the level of depressive symptoms after improving the symptoms in patients with a MDD. Methods : The 24-hour HRV was measured in patient groups with a MDD (n=16) and control groups (n=16). The patients with a MDD received the follow up test for two months after the treatment. Results : There were significant differences among the indexes (SDNN, rMSSD, SDNN index, and pNN50) of time-domain analysis and the indexes (TP, VLF, LF, HF, and ULF) of frequency-domain analysis of HRV between patient and control groups. The means of RR, SDNN, SDANN, and TP increased after two month of the treatment, comparing them with before the treatment, but there were no statistical significance. Conclusion : The results of 24-hour HRV analysis indicated significant decrease of HRV indexes among MDD patients which may suggest decrease of parasympathetic nervous functions.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 2009

Cleft lip and palate patients show midface hypoplasia, maxillary hypoplasia due to scar of previous surgery, and manifest as a class III malocclusion, retruded midface and shallow palate. These deformities have been treated with traditional orthognathic surgery. Although conventional Le Fort I osteotomy was performed on most cleft patinets with midface hypoplasia, it showed limited amount of maxillary advancement and high relapse tendency. Recently, when great amount of advancement are required in severe maxillary hypoplasia, distraction osteogenesis using RED system is widely used. But, several months of consolidation period is needed after distraction osteogenesis, occlusal relationship is not stable until mandibular setback surgery has done in mandibular hyperplasia cases and during these period, patients may feel discomfort. We present clinical cases of immediate rigid internal fixation after completion of maxillary distraction using RED system and simultaneous mandibular setback procedure in adult cleft and lip patients who show both maxillary hypoplasia and mandibular prognathism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 1995

This study researched microbial change of quality according to the various phases of product flow of cooked pea and rice, cold cucumber and seaweed soup, soybean sprouts japchae feeding urban type of a commissary school and a satellite school in Daejeon area, also it suggested the possibility that the central commissary foodservice system can be established and utilized more developmental to identify its food of variation of temperature and state of safety unitl 3 hours after cooking for the case of delay of distribution and holding because of the satellite school of geographical location and traffic problem. The critical Control Points identified for each category of menu items were: Boiled pea and rice: inadequate distribution, holding and storing before assembly; Cold cucumber and seaweed soup: pre-preparation and post-preparation after cooking; Soybean sprouts japchae: Pre-preparation, post-preparation and storing. As the result of observation of the variation of temperature and microbial safety according to the delay of distribution and holding for each food, all of them were relatively safe until 3 hours after cooking, but cold cucumber and seaweed soup being stored for 3 hours, the value of E. coli is $10^3$ CFU/g. The variation of temperature was more extreme in soybean sprouts japchae than cooked pea and rice and cold cucumber and seaweed soup. It was proved that the stainless container was excellent and that adequate holding container should be used.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.614-620
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• 2014

Kainic acid (KA) is a excitatory agonist causing epileptic seizure and excitotoxicity in the hippocampus. Gastrodia Elata (GE) is known to have anti-convulsant and anti-oxidant effects. This study was investigated a possible role of GE in suppressing epileptic seizure using KA-induced epilepsy mouse model. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were administrated GE (50 or 500 mg/kg) once a day for 5 days, and then injected KA (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Behavioral changes in mice by KA were evaluated for 90 minutes immediately after the KA administration. Six hours after the KA administration, their brains were harvested and the expressions of glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD-67) and K+-Cl- cotransporter 2 (KCC2) in the hippocampus of the mice were measured by immunohistochemistry.GE delayed the onset of epileptic seizure after KA administration, suppressed the severity of the seizure and decreased the number of severe seizures dose dependently. Moreover, GAD-67 and KCC2 expressions in the cornu ammonis (CA) 1 and CA3 of 500 mg/kg GE administrated mice were significantly increased compared to those in KA-treated mice.GAD-67 and KCC2 play an important role in regulating GABAergic system. Our results suggest that GE has anti-convulsant effect against KA-induced epileptic seizure through enhancing GABAergic system.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2021

Marsupialization is widely used as a primary treatment modality for reducing size of large cysts. However, there is no recommendation for specific duration of marsupialization. In addition, Carnoy's solution usually is applied at the time of enucleation as a fixative agent. In this report, we present an appropriate marsupialization duration of ameloblastoma involving two unerupted teeth. In this present study, marsupialization using a Foley catheter was performed in two cases of ameloblastoma of the mandible involving two adjacent impacted teeth. Carnoy's solution was applied for 3-5 minutes after enucleation in both patients. Periodically during marsupialization, the size of the radiolucency was measured in panoramic view, and clinical examination was performed. No remarkable paresthesia or soft tissue injury was observed after application of Carnoy's solution or during follow-up. We recommend 12 to 16 weeks as an adequate marsupialization duration for a large ameloblastoma involving two impacted teeth based on increased radiopacity along the margins of the lesions. Poor oral hygiene was an issue after 12 weeks of marsupialization in one case. There were no remarkable complications with Carnoy's solution in either case. The Foley tube has a two-way system that is more effective for irrigating the cavity than is the conventional one-way system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.115-124
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• 2019

In a climate change environment where heat damage and drought occur during a rainy season such as in 2018, a vegetation-based LID system that enables disaster prevention as well as environment improvement is suggested in lieu of an installation-type LID system that is limited to the prevention of floods. However, the quantification of its performance as against construction cost is limited. This study aims to present an experiment environment and evaluation method on quantitative performance, which is required in order to disseminate the vegetation-based LID system. To this end, a 3^rd quartile huff time distribution mass curve was generated for 20-year frequency, 60-minute probable rainfall of 68mm/hr in Cheonan, and effluent was analyzed by recreating artificial rainfall. In order to assess the reliability of the rainfall event simulator, 10 repeat tests were conducted at one-minute intervals for 20 minutes with minimum rainfall intensity of 22.29mm/hr and the maximum rainfall intensity of 140.69mm/hr from the calculated probable rainfall. Effective rainfall as against influent flow was 21.83mm/hr (sd=0.17~1.36, n=20) on average at the minimum rainfall intensity and 142.27mm/hr (sd=1.02~3.25, n=20) on average at the maximum rainfall intensity. In artificial rainfall recreation experiments repeated for three times, the most frequent quartile was found to be the third quartile, which is around 40 minutes after beginning the experiment. The peak flow was observed 70 minutes after beginning the experiment in the experiment zone and after 50 minutes in the control zone. While the control zone recorded the maximum runoff intensity of 2.26mm/min(sd=0.25) 50 minutes after beginning the experiment, the experiment zone recorded the maximum runoff intensity of 0.77mm/min (sd=0.15) 70 minutes after beginning the experiment, which is 20 minutes later than the control zone. Also, the maximum runoff intensity of the experiment zone was 79.6% lower than that of the control zone, which confirmed that vegetation unit-type LID system had rainfall runoff reduction and delay effects. Based on the above findings, the reliability of a lab-level rainfall simulator for monitoring the vegetation-based LID system was reviewed, and maximum runoff intensity reduction and runoff time delay were confirmed. As a result, the study presented a performance evaluation method that can be applied to the pre-design of the vegetation-based LID system for rainfall events on a location before construction.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.33-40
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• 2012

At present, the problem to secure seismic resistance capacity is one of the most important issue in school buildings. However, the range of facilities to consider retrofit or the proper direction of seismic retrofit haven't provided in details. Therefore in this study, a series of school buildings were chosen as established time, and the structure composition and the seismic performance of the school buildings were investigated to get the comprehensive features of seismic resistance capacity in school buildings. At result, it was presented that the member capacities were less than criteria and structure system was showed the brittle behavior at the collapse prevention level at the school buildings before 1990 year. At the school buildings after 1990 year, though it is hard to get general features for various compositions, it was presented that they have problems for seismic performance evaluation in some buildings at life safety level, specially in the direction of X axis. So, considering the introduction process of seismic criteria in Korea, the school buildings before 2005 year should be examined for seismic resistance capacity and the seismic performance should be examined as well as member capacity to resist seismic.