• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.600-607
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• 2020

Phytophthora capsici Leonian is a major pathogen of pepper worldwide and few resistance sources to this pathogen have been identified so far. The goals of this study were to identify new sources of resistance against P. capsici in Capsicum landraces and analyze the relationship between the resistance indicator of plant symptoms and some plant phenotype parameters of plant height, stem width, leaf length and leaf width. Thirty-two landraces of pepper were collected from fourteen states in Mexico. From each population, 36 plants were inoculated with 10,000 zoospores of P. capsici under controlled conditions. This experiment was repeated twice. Out of the 32 landraces, six showed high level of resistance, four showed intermediate resistance and five showed low level of resistance when compared with the susceptible control 'Bravo' and the resistant control 'CM334', indicating that these landraces are promising novel sources of resistance to P. capsici. There was no correlation between the symptoms and plant phenotype parameters. However, these parameters were not affected in the group classified as highly resistant, indicating that P. capsici does not affect the growing of these resistant pepper landraces. The other resistant groups were significantly affected in a differently manner regarding their phenotype, indicating that this pathogen reduce their growth in different ways. This study reports novel resistance sources with great potential that could be used in breeding programs to develop new pepper cultivars with durable resistance to P. capsici.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.14-28
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was to identify relationships of maternal psychosocial factors including mother's mood state, childcare stress, social support and sleep satisfaction with breastfeeding adaptation and immune substances in breast milk, especially secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-${\beta}2$). Methods: Data were collected from 84 mothers who delivered full-term infants by natural childbirth. Structured questionnaires and breast milk were collected at 2~4 days and 6 weeks postpartum. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, multiple linear regression, and generalized estimating equation (GEE). Results: Scores for the breastfeeding adaptation scale were significantly related with child care stress, mood state and social support. Mother's anger was positively correlated with the level of sIgA in colostrum (p<.01). Immune substances of breastmilk was significantly influenced by time for milk collection (p<.001) and the type of breastfeeding (sIgA, p<.001, TGF-${\beta}2$, p=.003). Regression analysis showed that breastfeeding adaptation could be explained 59.1% by the type of breastfeeding, childcare stress, the Profile of Mood States, emotional support and sleep quality (F=16.67, p<.001). Conclusion: The findings from this study provide important concepts of breastfeeding adaptation program and explanation of psychosocial factors by immune substances in breast milk. Future research, specially, bio-maker research on breast milk should focus on the ways to improve breastfeeding adaptation.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.151-164
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• 2017

This article aims to investigate the possible retrofitting of a deficient building with soft story failure mode by connecting it to an adjacent building which is designed based on current code with friction dampers at all floors. Low cost and high performance reliability along with significant energy dissipation pertaining to stable hysteretic loops may be considered in order to choose the proper damper for connecting adjacent buildings. After connecting two neighbouring floors by friction dampers, the sliding forces of dampers at various stories are set in two arrangements: uniform sliding force and then variable sliding force. In order to account for the stochastic nature of the seismic events, incremental dynamic analyses are employed prior and after the installation of the friction dampers at the various floors. Based on these results, fragility curves and mean annual rate of exceedance of serviceability and ultimate limit states are obtained. The results of this study show that the collapse mode of the deficient building can affect the optimum arrangement of sliding forces of friction dampers at Collapse Prevention (CP) performance level. In particular, the Immediate Occupancy (IO) performance level is not tangible to the sliding force arrangement and it depends solely on sliding force value. Generally it can be claimed that this rehabilitation scheme can turn the challenge of pounding two adjacent buildings into the opportunity of dissipating a large amount of the seismic input energy by the friction dampers, thus improving significantly the poor seismic performance of the deficient structure.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Taste perception is influenced by both nutritional factors and psychological factors. This study was undertaken to measure the 4 basic taste perceptions, nutrient intake, and mental health, and to examine the factors that affect insensitive taste perception in young Japanese women. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Young women in their late teens and twenties were enrolled as subjects. Taste perception was measured by applying the filter-paper disc method over areas of the chorda tympani nerve. Nutritional status was evaluated using brief, self-administered diet history questionnaires. The index of nutritional status was based on the 2015 Japanese dietary reference intakes. Mental health was assessed using the Japanese translation of the Profile of Mood States short version. This study was approved by the ethical committee at Osaka University. RESULTS: The normal taste perception group (four basic tastes [sweet, salty, sour, and bitter] identified as normal taste perception) comprised 55.4% of the subjects, while the abnormal taste perception group (more than 1 abnormal taste perception was perceived, regardless of flavor) comprised 44.6% of the subjects. There were no significant differences in nutrient intake (except manganese) and mental health between the normal and abnormal taste perception groups. Subjects who took 5 mg to less than 7.1 mg zinc per day were at significantly decreased risk of insensitive taste perception compared to subjects who consumed less than 5 mg zinc per day [Regression coefficient 0.831, 95% confidence interval 0.694-0.996]. CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that insensitive taste perception could be associated with zinc deficiency in young women in their late teens and twenties.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.1241-1247
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• 2018

This study was conducted to evaluate resistance of 10 different cowpea cultivars which were introduced from the United States against two major root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne arenaria and M. incognita, that affect greenhouse crop cultivation in Korea. The results showed that the resistance of the tested cultivars to the root-knot nematodes varied with the cultivar. Texas Cream 40 showed moderate resistance to M. arenaria whereas the other cultivars were susceptible. Purple Hull Pinkeye and Texas Pinkeye Purple Hull were found to be resistant to M. incognita, whereas Mississippi Silver showed moderate resistance and the other cultivars were susceptible. As the cultivars exhibit resistance to M. arenaria and M. incognita, such cultivars resistant to root-knot nematodes should be considered during the cultivation of cowpea as a green manure crop.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.133-142
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• 2019

물리기반 캐릭터 애니메이션에서 궤적 최적화(trajectory optimization) 기법은 캐릭터 동작에 대한 시스템 동역학 모델(system dynamics model)에 기반하여 가까운 최적의 미래 상태를 예측하여 캐릭터의 동작을 자동적으로 생성하는데 널리 사용되어 왔다. 캐릭터와 환경 간의 접촉 현상을 강체 충돌로 다루는 경우 일반적으로 시스템 동역학 모델은 그 수식이 닫힌 형식(closed form)으로 유도되지 못하고 미분이 불가능하다. 따라서 최근까지 많은 연구자들이 접촉 완화(contact smoothing) 기법을 통해 시스템 동역학의 수치적 미분에 기반한 효율적인 궤적 최적화 기법을 발표해 왔다. 하지만 수치적 미분 정보는 분석적 미분과 달리 부정확하기 때문에 궤적 최적화의 안정성에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 논문에서는 접촉 완화 모델에 대한 근사화를 통해 시스템 동역학을 분석적으로 미분하여 닫힌 형식의 도함수를 유도하고, 이를 기반으로 사용자의 온라인 입력에 따라 예제 데이터 없이 이족 캐릭터의 동작을 안정적으로 생성하는 예측 제어 기법(model predictive control (MPC))을 제안한다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2021

Purpose : The fascia is the body's largest sensory organ affected by mechanical stimuli such as pressure. Fascial distortion model (FDM) is one of the fascia treatment techniques, and it is based that most musculoskeletal problems are caused by three-dimensional distortion of the fascia. Until now, some studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of FDM, but it is still not enough. In this study, among the six techniques of FDM, trigger band (TB) and cylinder distortion (CyD) were applied to the forearm to investigate the immediate effect on the maximal grip strength, force sense and range of motion. Methods : 22 healthy adults in their 20s and 30s participated. Before and after the application of FDM, maximal grip strength, force sense and range of motion were measured. For analysis, a paired t-test was performed, and the significance level was set to p<.05. Results : After FDM, there were a significant differences that increased the force sense and the range of motion (p<.05). But the maximal grip strength did not show a significant difference (p>.05). Conclusion : The results of this study, the FDM did not affect maximal grip strength, but it was shown to increase the sense of force and range of motion. We assumed that it is the result of the changes in the states of the fascia and changes in the activity of mechanical receptors induced by pressure and stretch from FDM application.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.17-42
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• 2021

Articulated loading platforms (ALPs) belongs to a class of offshore structures known as compliant. ALP motions have time periods falling in the wind excitation frequency range due to their compliant behaviour. This paper deals with the dynamic behavior of a double hinged ALP subjected to low-frequency wind forces with random waves. Nonlinear effects due to variable submergence, fluctuating buoyancy, variable added mass, and hydrodynamic forces are considered in the analysis. The random sea state is characterized by the Pierson-Moskowitz (P-M) spectrum. The wave forces on the submerged elements of the platform's shaft are calculated using Morison's Equation with Airy's linear wave theory ignoring diffraction effects. The fluctuating wind load has been estimated using Ochi and Shin wind velocity spectrum for offshore structures. The nonlinear dynamic equation of motion is solved in the time domain by the Wilson-θ method. The wind-structure interactions, along with the effect of various other parameters on the platform response, are investigated. The effect of offset of aerodynamic center (A.C.) with the center of gravity (C.G.) of platform superstructure has also been investigated. The outcome of the analyses indicates that low-frequency wind forces affect the response of ALP to a large extent, which otherwise is not enhanced in the presence of only waves. The mean wind modifies the mean position of the platform surge response to the positive side, causing an offset. Various power spectral densities (PSDs) under high and moderate sea states show that apart from the significant peak occurring at the two natural frequencies, other prominent peaks also appear at very low frequencies showing the influence of wind on the response.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.206-212
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• 2022

Strengthening global geopolitical instability in the world leads to an aggravation of international conflicts; it destabilizes the domestic political situation in countries, violates the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, and also activates economic crime. The full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine and the deployment of military operations in a large territory of a sovereign country have created a number of destabilizing factors in the development of digital technologies and negatively affect the state and trends of digital marketing, which allows establishing interaction with a wide audience and facilitating the search for new customers in various places. The purpose of the research lies in substantiating the theoretical and applied principles for studying the features of digital marketing in the conditions of wartime posture in Ukraine. In the course of the research, general and special methods of economic analysis have been used and applied, namely: analysis and synthesis; analogies and comparisons; generalization and systematization; graphic and tabular methods. Regarding the results of the research of digital marketing in the conditions of wartime posture in Ukraine, it has been established that the intensification of the development of digital marketing is caused by the crisis phenomena of social-economic, social-political and military nature, as well as exacerbated by the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. It has been proven that highly developed countries use innovative digital technologies more effectively in the field of marketing, which indicates the importance of the Multidimensional Index of Digitization (the USA - MID: 0,92-0,92; the UK - MID: 0,80-0,97; Japan - MID: 0,80-0,88; Canada - MID: 0,78-0,81; Germany - MID: 0,78-0,88; France - MID: 0,72-0,76), however, the developing countries record much lower values (Ukraine - MID: 0,22-0,48). Accordingly, the level of cybersecurity in highly developed countries is also significantly higher than in transitive countries, in particular, in the United States (GCI: 0,919-0,999); Great Britain (GCI: 0,783-0,995); Canada (GCI: 0,818-0,978) and in Ukraine (GCI: 0,501-0,661).

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.505-524
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• 2022

Floods represent extreme hydrological phenomena that affect populations, environment, social, political, and ecological systems. After the catastrophic floods that have hit Europe and the World in recent decades, the flood problem has become more current. At the EU level, a legal framework has been put in place with the entry into force of Directive 2007/60/EC on Flood Risk Assessment and Management (Flood Directive). Two years after the entry into force of the Floods Directive, Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H), has adopted a Regulation on the types and content of water protection plans, which takes key steps and activities under the Floods Directive. The "Methodology for developing flood hazard and risk maps" (Methodology) was developed for the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, following the methodology used in the majority of EU member states, but with certain modifications to the country's characteristics. Accordingly, activities for the preparation of the Preliminary Flood Risk Assessment for each river basin district were completed in 2015 for the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Activities on the production of hazard maps and flood risk maps are in progress. The results of probable climate change impact model forecasts should be included in the preparation of the Flood Risk Management Plans, which is the subsequent phase of implementing the Flood Directive. By the foregoing, the paper will give an example of the development of the hydrodynamic model of the Zujevina River, as well as the development of hazard and risk maps. Hazard and risk maps have been prepared for medium probability floods of 1/100 as well as for high probability floods of 1/20. The results of LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) recording were used to create a digital terrain model (DMR). It was noticed that there are big differences between the flood maps obtained by recording LiDAR techniques in relation to the previous flood maps obtained using georeferenced topographic maps. Particular attention is given to explaining the Methodology applied in Bosnia and Herzegovina.