• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 2011

In the recent years, power analysis attacks were widely investigated, and so various countermeasures have been proposed. In the case of block ciphers, masking methods that blind the intermediate values in the en/decryption computations are well-known among these countermeasures. But the cost of non-linear part is extremely high in the masking method of block cipher, and so the countermeasure for S-box must be efficiently constructed in the case of AES, ARIA and SEED. Existing countermeasures for S-box use the masked S-box table to require 256 bytes RAM corresponding to one S-box. But, the usage of the these countermeasures is not adequate in the lightweight security devices having the small size of RAM. In this paper, we propose the new countermeasure not using the masked S-box table to make up for this weak point. Also, the new countermeasure reduces time-complexity as well as the usage of RAM because this does not consume the time for generating masked S-box table.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

Fixslicing AES is a technique that omits the Shiftrows step to minimize the cost of the linear layer of Bitsliced AES, showing a 30% performance over the Bitsliced technique. However, the amount of code increases to compensate for the omitted shiftrows. Therefore, it is proposed to be divided into Semi-Fixsliced in which only half of shiftrows are omitted and Fully-Fixsliced in which Shiftrows are omitted completely. In this paper, we propose a CTR mode implementation of Fixslicing AES on RISC-V using the pre-computed table technique. By utilizing the characteristics of the CTR mode, it is possible to perform fast encryption by omitting up to the second round SubBytes from the encryption process through pre-computed up to the second round SubBytes operation. Using this technique, it was confirmed that Semi-Fixsliced has a performance of 1,345 cycles per block and a performance improvement of 7% compared to the previous performance result, and Fully-Fixsliced has a performance of 1,283 cycles per block and a performance of 9% compared to the previous performance result on 32-bit RISC-V.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.100-107
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• 2024

Background: The purpose of this study was to detect signals of adverse events (AEs) of DPP-IV inhibitors using the KIDs-Korea Adverse Event Reporting System (KAERS) database. Methods: This study was conducted using AEs reported from January 2009 to December 2018 in the KIDs-KAERS database. For signal detection, disproportionality analysis was performed. Signals of DPP-IV inhibitor that satisfied the data-mining indices of reporting odds ratio (ROR) were detected. Results: Among the total number of 10,364 AEs to all oral hypoglycemic agents, the number of reported AEs related to DPP-IV inhibitors was 1,674. Analysis of reported AEs of DPP-IV inhibitors at the SOC levels showed that Respiratory system disorders were the highest at 4.31 (95% CI 3.01-6.17), followed by Skin and appendages disorders at 2.04 (95% CI 1.74-2.38). When analyzing AEs reported at the PT level, pharyngitis was the highest at 73.90 (95% CI 17.59-310.49), followed by arthralgia at 6.08 (95% CI 2.04-18.11), and coughing at 5.21 (95% CI 2.07-13.15). Conclusions: Based on the result of the study, deeper consideration is required according to the characteristics of the patients in prescribing DPP-IV inhibitors among oral hypoglycemic agents, and continuous monitoring of the occurrence of related Adverse Drug Reactions during administration is also required.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.409-416
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• 2015

ICP-AES has been used in many laboratories due to the advantages of wide calibration range and multi-element analysis, but it may give erroneous results and suffer from spectral interference due to the large number of emission lines associated with each element. In this study, certified reference materials (CRMs) and field samples were analyzed by ICP-AES and HG-AAS according to the official Korean testing method for soil pollution to investigate analytical problems. The applicability of HG-ICP-AES was also tested as an alternative method. HG-AAS showed good accuracies (90.8~106.3%) in all CRMs, while ICP-AES deviated from the desired range in CRMs with low arsenic and high Fe/Al. The accuracy in CRM030 was estimated as below 39% at the wavelength of 193.696 nm by ICP-AES. Significant partial overlaps and sloping background interferences were observed near to 193.696 nm with the presence of 50 mg/L Fe and Al. Most CRMs were quantified with few or no interferences of Fe and Al at 188.980 nm. ICP-AES properly assessed low and high level arsenic for field samples, at 188.980 nm and 193.696 nm, respectively. The importance of the choice of measurement wavelengths corresponding to relative arsenic level should be noted. Because interferences were affected by the sample matrix, operation conditions and instrument figures, the analysts were required to consider spectral interferences and compare the analytical performance of the recommended wavelengths. HG-ICP-AES was evaluated as a suitable alternative method for ICP-AES due to improvement of the detection limit, wide calibration ranges, and reduced spectral interferences by HG.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.637-648
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• 2008

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.357-365
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• 2015

Folk medicine is traditionally passed down to cure disease, and adverse events (AEs) of folk medicine are any unfavorable and unintended discomforts temporally associated with the use of folk medicine. The aim of this study was to analyze AEs types and risks of folk medicine through the internet news articles. Included in this analysis are all articles on the topic of folk medicine and AE reported in the top 3 online news websites (NAVER, DAUM and NATE) determined by InternetTrend$^{TM}$(www.internettrend.co.kr). It was searched in the last five years (between 1 January 2009 and 28 February 2014). In total, 18 AEs articles of 973 news articles met our inclusion criteria. A total of 27 people were experienced AEs associated with use of folk medicine. Age was from 4 months to 76 years old, and it was occurred in both men and women. Folk medicine that caused AEs in twice or more was therapy that patient taking the dictamnus or aconitum of toxic herbal medicines, vinegar therapy of external use to topical skin, and cupping or bee sting therapy by practitioners. Death as a kind of serious AEs was 11 people, and 10 people were died after treatment by unqualified practitioner. Folk medicine that is popular and widely used in Korea is actively interacted with information on the internet, so it apt to misuse and abuse without guidance of health professionals. Aspects of health care system, we point out that the need for government and medical society establish not only correct health information plan and promotion of risk but also system as reporting and monitoring of AEs by folk medicine.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.155-160
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• 2012

This paper proposes an authentication protocol based on hash and AES safe from various types of attacks in order to assure the security of communication between tags and readers, which exchange data with each other wirelessly in a RFID system. The proposed authentication protocol resolves a problem in existing hash-based protocols whereby the same hidden value is generated for the same identification in each session. In order to hide tag identification information a number of complicated calculations were required, but using the proposed AES protocol reduces such calculations, strengthens security against replay attack, spoofing attack, traffic analysis, eavesdropping, etc. and assure mutual authentication between tags and readers.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.324-330
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• 2001

For the analysis of S, P and Zn in lubricating oil, microwave digestion method was studied by using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES). Lubricating oil was completely decomposed with nitric acid or a mixture of nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide using and closed microwave digestion system. Digestions are completed within 50 min, a factor of at least 3~4 times faster than for the conventional digestion. A gradual heating program operated by the pulsed mode was found suitable for decomposing the lubricating oil matrix safely. The proposed method of digestion gave relative standard deviations(RSD) less than 3% for the elements determined.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.443-450
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• 2011

Quantitative analytical condition for nickel in ceramic, metal and plastic materials using complexation and solvent extraction followed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) was studied. Ceramic, metal and plastic samples were dissolved by acid digestion. Nickel was determined by ICP-AES and AAS after extraction of Ni $(DMG)_2$ in $CHCl_3$. Recovery efficiency of nickel was satisfactory, and most of matrix elements causing interference could be effectively eliminated by the separation. Nickel in the certified reference materials (BAM-376 and PACS-2) were quantitatively determined without influence of sample matrix.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 2005

A determination method of trace Ni(II) and Zn(II) in aqueous solution was studied and developed by adsorbing on titanium dioxide. For this purpose, several conditions were optimized such as the pH of sample solution, adsorption time, the types and concentration acid, and desorption time. The titanium dioxide was added in sample solution which was pH adjusted. Then, the sample solution was stirred for 5 minutes. This mixture was stored in room temperature for 30 minutes to allow adsorption. After filtering and washing the titanium dioxide, the analytes were dissolved from the titanium dioxide on membrane filter by an ultrasonic vibration for 10 minutes in 1.0 M $HNO_3$ solution. Then, this sample solution was analysed using ICP-AES. The adsorption equilibrium was achieved in 30 minutes. The desorption was the most of effective with 1.0 M(mol/l) nitric acid solution, and desorption time was 10 minutes. This procedure was applied for the analysis of two real samples, i.e., brown seaweed and tangle. The recoveries of Ni(II) and Zn(II) in spiked samples were 89.4${\sim}$98.9% for analytes.