• 대한한방피부미용학회지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.127-144
• /
• 2005

This study compared the activity of the aerial part of P. japonicum with its root in order to examine the possibility of the medicinal use of the aerial part, which has not been used as medicine, in substitute for the root that has traditionally been used as medicine. For this purpose, the author measured the proliferation of Human $CD4^-$ T cells, which are related to immunity, the differentiation of HL-60 cells, and the contents of IL-6, IgE and $TNF-{\alpha}$ and compared their anti-cancer effect on Hep3B and A549 cells. The results of this study are as follows: 1. As for Human $CD4^-$ T cells, $1.0\;g/{\ell}$ methanol extract from the aerial part promoted the proliferation of the cells 1.8 times higher while $1.0\;g/{\ell}$ methanol extract from the root did by 1.76 times higher compared to the control group. 2. As for HL-60 cells, methanol extract and water extract from the aerial part showed differentiation 1.14 times higher and 1.12 times higher respectively while methanol extract and water extract from the root did 1.14 times higher and 1.07 times higher compared to tile control group. 3. Cell density was highest on Day 4 of culture in all samples, Methanol extracts from the aerial part and the root showed activities of $7.9{\times}10^3\;cells/m{\ell}$ and $7.5{\times}10^3\;cells/m{\ell}$ respectively, and water extracts from the aerial part and the root did activities of $5.3{\times}10^3\;cells/m{\ell}$ and $6.1{\times}10^3\;cells/m{\ell}$. 4. The secretion of IL-6 was highest on Day 4 of culture. Methanol extracts from the aerial part and the root showed secretions of $6.7{\times}10^{-3}\;pg/cells/m{\ell}$ and $7.2{\times}10^{-3}\;pg/cells/m{\ell}$ respectively, and water extracts from the aerial part and the root did secretions of as high as $7.0{\times}10^{-3}\;pg/cells/m{\ell}$ and $6.0{\times}10^{-3}\;pg/cells/m{\ell}$. 5. As for the production of IgE, water extract from the root effectively inhibited the product at $1,000\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, methanol extract from the root at $10\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $100\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, water extract from the aerial at $1,000\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, and methanol extract from the aerial part at $1,000\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. 6. According to the result of measuring the content of $TNF-{\alpha}$, methanol extracts from the root and the aerial part showed inhibition effect at $10\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $100\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $1,000\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. 7. As for liver cancer cell Hep3B, $1.0\;g/{\ell}$ methanol extracts from the root and the aerial part showed inhibition effects of 78% and 70% respectively, and $1.0\;g/{\ell}$ water extracts from the root and the aerial part did inhibition effects of 56% and 59%. 8. As for lung cancer cell A549, $1.0\;g/{\ell}$ methanol extracts from the root and the aerial part showed inhibition effects of 75% and 70% respectively, and $1.0\;g/{\ell}$ water extracts from the root and the aerial part did inhibition effects of 48% and 45%. The results of this study presented above show that the aerial part of P. japonicum has immunizing and anti-cancer effects as high as its root, which has commonly been used as medicine. There should be more in-depth research on the aerial part of P. japonicum in the future.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.180-186
• /
• 1986

Photosynthesis and respiration of leaf and root of field grown Panax ginseng were investigated according to aerial part sensecence. No apparent photosynthesis activity was detected in senescenced leaf(less than 0.7mg total chlorophyll/g FW) and leaf dark respiration was consistent relation with senescence. Leaf respiratory Q$_{10}$ consistently increased with senscence. Root respiration and Q$_{10}$ tended to decrease with aerial part senescence only in the range of optimum temperature of leaf growth. Apparent photosynthesis or respiration of leaf was negatively or positively correlated, respectively with the increase of air temperature. Root respiration with temperature was well accordance with Arrhenius plot which was not consistent with aerial part senescence. Accelerated senescence may be recommendable for better root yield unless any reserve in stem or leaves contributes to root through translocation.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.132-135
• /
• 2020

Volatile constituents obtained by water distillation from the aerial parts and root of Onosma dichroanthum Boiss (Boraginaceae) native to the north of Iran were investigated by GC and GC/MS for the first time. Palmitic acid (39.61%) and decane (31.39%) were the major components in the root while decane (26.26%) and phytol (25.52%) were the predominant constituents in the aerial parts. Ketones, aldehydes, alkanes, fatty acids, oxygenated diterpenes and sesquiterpenes were characterized as the most phytochemicals in the aerial parts. Alkanes and fatty acids were identified as the main groups in the root volatile substances. There were two ketone derivatives, belong to apocarotenoids, in the aerial parts; β-ionone and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.342-349
• /
• 1984

인삼 성분육종의 기초자료를 얻고자 동일한 생육환경하에서 생육한 4년생 이종인삼의 부위별 조사포닌 및 각 ginsenoside의 함량을 분석하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 잎과 줄기에 함유된 조사포린 함량은 미국삼이 고려인삼인 자경종, 황숙종보다 많았으며 줄기보다는 잎에서 조사포닌함량이 높았다. 2. 뿌리의 조사포닌함량은 잎, 줄기와 같이 미국삼이 고려인삼인 자경종과 황숙종보다 높은 경향이었다. 3. 잎과 줄기 및 뿌리에 함유된 조사포닌의 panaxatriol 및 panaxadiol계 saponin의 함량비(PT/PD)는 잎과 줄기에서는 1.5~3.7:1. triol 계사포닌이 많은 반면 뿌리에서는 1:1~1.5로서 diol계사포닌이 많았다. 4. 각품종 공히 잎과 줄기에 함유된 ginsenoside종류에는 차이가 없었으나 -Rg$_2$, -Re, -Rc 등은 줄기에, -Rg$_1$, -Rd, -Rb$_1$은 잎에 다량 함유되어있었다. 5. 인삼뿌리에 함유된 ginsenoside는 -Rg$_1$, -Re, -Rb$_1$ 등이 많이 함유되었으며 고려인삼에서는 -Re가, 미국삼에서는 -Rb$_1$이 가장 많이 검출되었는데 특히 미국삼에서는 -Ro, -Ra, -Rf, -Rg$_2$가 검출되지 않았다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.362-369
• /
• 2015

This study compared the nutritional composition and antioxidative activities of different parts (aerial part and root) of Taraxacum coreanum and Taraxacum officinale. To identify the nutrient composition of different parts of Daedelion species, nutrient contents were analyzed. Crude ash, protein, and fat contents of T. coreanum and T. officinale were higher in the aerial part compared to the root. There was no significant difference in crude ash, protein, or carbohydrate content of the aerial part depending on the Daedelion species. Aerial part contents of vitamin A, E, and C were significantly higher in T. coreanum than T. officinale. The K content of the aerial part of T. coreanum and T. officinale was highest, although there was no significant difference among Daedelion species. Contents of oxalic acid, citric acid, and acetic acid in the aerial part of T. coreanum were highest. Contents of total polyphenols, total flavonoids, and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the aerial part were significantly higher in T. coreanum than T. officinale. In conclusion, the aerial part of T. coreanum and T. officinale could be used as antioxidative functional food sources.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 춘계학술발표회
• /
• pp.61-61
• /
• 2018

Buckwheat is a important vegetable in asia for long time. Recently, Buckwheat has attracted attention to its potential for health benefit and especially as a gluten-free food. Conventional buckwheat studies have focused on seeds and sprouts, but we studied the components of the aerial parts and roots of buckwheat after harvesting. Therefore, we hope that this research will be a basic study to expand the application range of buckwheat plants which are discarded after harvesting. The ethanol extracts of aerial part and roots of buckwheat (Daegwan, Yangjul) were analysed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Rutin was detected as the major compound in Daegwan, Yangjul aerial part and Daegwan root extracts, except yangjul root extract. So we analysed Yangjul root extract using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and then obtained the informations about the components in Yangjul root extract. Yangjul root extract was analysed by $LC-MS^n$ in negative ESI mode within the range m/z 150-2000 amu. Totally, four components was found in the Yangjul root extract and obtained the fragments ion patterns of ones. Further study, we have to confirm the structure of components in Yangjul root extract and try to more biological activity test the components for development as useful food or cosmetic ingredients.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.42-48
• /
• 2020

This paper proposes an operating system architecture for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), which is secure against root exploit, resilient to connection loss resulting in the control loss, and able to utilize common applications used in Linux. The Linux-based UAVs are exposed to root exploit. On the other hand, the microkernel-based UAVs are not able to use the common applications utilized in Linux, even though which is secure against root exploit. For this reason, the proposed architecture uses a virtualized microkernel on the Linux operating system to isolate communication roles and prevent root exploit. As a result, the suggested Operating system is secure against root exploit and is able to utilize the common applications at the same time.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.16-30
• /
• 1980

In order to increase the production of ginseng, a cultural experiment was carried out under different types of natural forest condition. Seedlings were transplanted with three spacing (70,90 and plants per 1.62m2) under the broad leaved, needle and mixed forest. The obtained results are as follows. 1 Growth of aerial part of ginseng plant. 1) Vegetative growth under forest condition of very poor as compared with ordinary cultivation, but there was no significant in number of leaf and teasel. 2) Stem diameter and stem length under the different forest types were a little difference. However petiole length and number of leafet showed an increasing trend in broad leaved forest as compared with other forest types. 3) The withering date of aerial part of ginseng plant in the needle forest was later than of others. 2. Fresh weight of ginseng root per plant was decreasing in the order of broad leaved forest, needle and mixed forest, needle and sized forest respectively. However the root weight was much smaller than that of ordinary cultivated one. 3. No big difference was observed in the growth of both aerial and root among the planting density 4. Nitrogen content in ginseng root under forest was lower, but calcium content In root was higher than that of ordinary one. 5. Fat and fiber content of ginseng root under forest showed higher than that of ordinary one. 6. The saponin content of ginseng root grown under forest condition was higher than that of ordinary ginseng root. According to high performance liquid chromatogram of saponin, only difference from ordinary cultivated ginseng root was that ginsenoside Re showed higher peak than ginsenoside Rg1.

• 한국측량학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국측량학회 2010년 춘계학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.253-255
• /
• 2010

항공사진측량과 위성영상측량에서 거리측정정확도에 대한 연구의 필요성이 급증하고 있다. 그러나 기존 연구들에서는 표준편차와 제곱평균편차간은 물론이고 측정정확도와 측정정밀도간의 정의에 대한 경향성 있는 혼동된 이해가 들어있다. 따라서 본 연구는 항공사진측량과 위성영상측량에서 거리정확도에 관한 표준편차와 제곱평균편차간은 물론이고 측정 정확도와 측정 정밀도간의 관계에 대한 제한적인 정의를 제안한다. 실험결과는 제안한 정확한 정의가 거리측정 정밀도가 아닌 항공사진측량과 위성영상측량에서 거리정확도에서의 개선을 가져옴을 보여준다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.343-351
• /
• 2017

401종의 식물에서 얻은 메탄올 추출물 662개를 식물 병원성 곰팡이[딸기잿빛곰팡이병균(Botrytis sp.), 고추탄저병균(Colletotrichum sp.), 작약점무늬병균(Alternaria sp.) 및 작약검은뿌리썩음병균(Cylindrocarpon sp.)]에 대한 분생포자의 발아억제 활성을 microdilution assay로 측정하였다. 검정에 사용한 추출물 중에서 36종의 추출물이 1종 이상의 곰팡이에 대하여 억제활성을 보였다. 짚신나물, 고본, 족도리풀, 일천궁, 백선 및 목향의 뿌리, 능소화의 잎가지, 감초의 지상부, 뽕나무의 가지 추출물은 식물의 지상부 조직에서 발병하는 균(Botrytis sp., Colletotrichum sp. 그리고 Alternaria sp.)과 뿌리에 발병하는 균(Cylindrocarpon sp.)의 포자발아를 모두 억제하는 항균활성을 보여 주어 이들 추출물의 항균범위가 넓은 것으로 나타났다. 각각의 곰팡이 대한 추출물의 억제활성을 보면, 뽕나무의 가지와 고삼의 뿌리 추출물은 1,250 mg/L에서 딸기잿빛곰팡이병균의 포자발아를 완전히 억제하였다. 고추탄저병균의 포자발아억제에 가장 강한 추출물은 홀아비꽃대의 뿌리였으며, $1,250{\mu}g/ml$에서 완전히 억제하였다. 작약점무늬병균에 가장 강한 억제활성을 나타낸 추출물은 감초의 지상부였으며, $625{\mu}g/ml$에서 포자의 발아를 100% 억제하였고, 새모래덩굴의 뿌리와 뽕나무 가지 추출물은 $1,250{\mu}g/ml$에서 억제하였다. 작약검은뿌리썩음병균에 가장 강한 억제활성을 나타낸 추출물은 감초의 지상부와 목향의 뿌리였으며, $1,250{\mu}g/ml$에서 포자발아를 억제하였다.