• 공업화학
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.161-166
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• 2011

이산화탄소를 수소와 일산화탄소로 전환시키는 이산화탄소 건조 개질반응은 대표적인 흡열반응이며 열역학적으로 불리한 반응으로 알려져 있다. 이러한 문제를 극복하기 위해 높은 열적 내구성과 수명 최적화에 적합한 귀금속계 촉매 개발 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있으나 경제적인 어려움을 지니고 있다. 본 연구에서는 $Co/SiO_2$ 촉매에 Pt (0.02~0.2 wt%)와 La (2~20 wt%)을 각각 담지시켜 이산화탄소 건조 개질반응을 통해 우수한 활성과 경제적인 사용을 할 수 있는 함량을 확인 할 수 있었다. 그 결과, 0.04 wt% Pt 또는 9 wt% La을 담지하였을 경우에 각각 57%와 55%의 가장 높은 활성도를 보여주었다. 촉매 특성화에 의하여 0.04 wt% Pt와 9 wt% La이 첨가된 촉매의 코발트 입자 크기는 이 연구에서 가장 작은 입자 크기를 가진다는 것을 확인하였다. 그러므로 코발트의 입자 크기가 Pt와 La의 함량 때문에 촉매의 안정성과 반응성에 영향을 주는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제69권3호
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• pp.163-170
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• 2010

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis remains a health concern in Korea despite major progress in the development of new strategies for diagnosing and treating tuberculosis. In particular, the diagnosis of newly developed pulmonary tuberculosis is on the rise in elderly persons. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical, radiographic characteristics, and treatment outcomes of pulmonary tuberculosis in the elderly. Methods: The medical records of 113 young (<65 years old) and 112 elderly (${\geq}65$ years old) pulmonary tuberculosis patients diagnosed at Chungnam National University hospital between January 2007 and December 2008 were reviewed. Results: There was no difference in the prevalence of typical symptoms between the younger and the elderly group. Dypsnea was the only symptom that occurred more frequently in the elderly group (16.8% vs 5.5%, p=0.008). On radiological study, pneumonic infiltration type was more common in the elderly group (28.6% vs 16.8%, p=0.035). Sputum Acid fast bacilli smear positivity rate was similar between the 2 groups. Elderly patients with anti-tuberculosis medication had more frequent adverse drug reactions; however, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the number of patients required to stop medication due to an adverse drug reaction. There were more patients lost to follow-up in the elderly group (22/112, 19.6% vs 11/113, 9.7%, p=0.036). Conclusion: The majority of elderly patients did not complete the treatment, resulting in a poorer outcome. Therefore, we need to make an effort to support the continued screening of elderly patients by making this economically feasible.

• 약학회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2009

Warfarin is the most widely used oral anticoagulant in the world but maintenance of proper therapeutic range and prevention of adverse drug events always need to be careful. Especially, in Korea, warfarin dosing for patients with cerebral infarction is currently based on the nomogram which is done by foreign clinical trials not for the Korean. Therefore we evaluate warfarin dose of patients in the neurology and eventually get the base data of warfarin nomogram for Korean with stroke. We performed this study retrospectively on reviewing the medical charts to evaluate the prescribed loading dose (LD) and maintenance dose (MD) of warfarin and each responding International Normalized Ratio (INR) with any bleeding adverse drug reaction including of patient's characteristics for total 75 patients with stroke in the department of neurology of Kangnam ST. Mary's Hospital from January 2005 to June 2008. All evaluated patients should not be treated with warfarin in the past at all and should be initiated warfarin therapy first.ly at this time. All evaluated patients were divided as two classes by wafarin LD which is; 1) HDG - a high loading dosing group prescribed over 5mg, and 2) LDG - a low loading dosing group prescribed 5mg or below. As a result, average LD was $9.34{\pm}0.22$ mg (p=0.000) in HDG and $4.25{\pm}0.39$ mg (p=0.000) in LDG. Average baseline INR was $0.91{\pm}0.05$ (p=0.161) in HDG and $1.26{\pm}0.14$ (p=0.002) in LDG. On the first and second week, daily MD was $4.21{\pm}0.14$ mg (p=0.000) and $2.96{\pm}0.19$ mg (p=0.696) in HDG and also in LDG, $2.95{\pm}0.29$ mg (p=0.000) and $3.14{\pm}0.36$ mg (p=0.696). Also average reacting daily INR was respectively $2.53{\pm}0.12$ (p=0.141) and $2.51{\pm}0.16$ (p=0.678) in HDG, and in LDG, $2.11{\pm}0.17$ (p=0.141) and $2.42{\pm}0.14$ (p=0.678). After the second week, INR was not measured in regularly. Also most of underlying diseases were hypertension (n=38), diabetes mellitus (n=14), dyslipidemia (n=8) in order. Four ADRs with simple hemorrhage were occurred and those were due to drug interaction by comedication. In the conclusion, proper starting LD for Korean with stroke is 10 mg if baseline INR is around 1.0 or 5 mg if over 1.3. Proper MD need to be more evaluated in the future for setting up warfarin nomogram to make prospective study.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.81-85
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• 2018

Blood group determination in dogs is an important factor in transfusion medicine to minimize immediate or delayed adverse reactions after red blood cells transfusion in small animal clinics. Dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) 1 is the most important blood type due to its high degree of antigenicity causing acute transfusion adverse reactions. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of DEA 1 in various dog breeds in Korea. As a result of testing 592 blood samples from more than 35 dog breeds, DEA 1 blood typing for each breed showed that 57.8% of Malteses, 63.3% of Poodles, 76.2% of Mastiff-like dogs, 72.5% of Pomeranians, 47.7% of Shih Tzus, 70.3% of mixed breeds, 60.0% of Yorkshire Terriers, and 71.4% of Beagles were DEA 1-positive. Miniature Schnauzers and Jindo breeds had a significantly high prevalence (100%) of DEA 1-positive dogs compared to that in other small breed dogs. This is the first report of immunochromatography-detected DEA 1 prevalence in various domestic dog breeds. Although additional studies need clarifying the potential blood transfusion risks in domestic breed dogs with DEA 1, the results of this study may be useful when selecting a blood donor.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.539-547
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• 2016

본 증례에서는 한방치료를 받은 두 명의 골수이형성증후군 환자를 통하여 골수이형성증후군에 대한 한방치료의 효과를 보여주고자 하였다. 골수이형성증후군은 골수의 증식과 구성 세포들의 이형성, 비효율적인 조혈을 특징으로 하는 골수의 악성 종양이다. 현재까지 골수이형성증후군에 대한 완벽한 치료법은 없으며 골수이형성증후군의 증상을 경감시키거나 급성 골수성 백혈병으로의 진행을 막는 목적으로 치료가 이뤄지고 있다. 첫 번째 환자는 1차성 골수이형성증후군 환자로 2011년 1월부터 2016년 현재까지 꾸준히 침 치료 및 한약치료를 받고 있다. 두 번째 환자는 난소암 치료를 위한 항암화학요법의 부작용으로 생긴 2차성 골수이형성증후군 환자로 2010년 10월부터 4년간 꾸준한 한약 복용 및 3번의 입원치료를 받은 환자이다. 침 치료, 한약 치료와 함께 환자들의 상태를 평가하기 위해 정기적인 혈액검사가 이루어졌다. 골수이형성증후군 진단 후 두 달에 한 번씩 수혈을 받으며 수혈 의존 경향을 보이던 첫 번째 환자는 한방치료 후 단 두 번의 수혈밖에 받지 않았고 급성골수성백혈병으로 진행하지도 않았으며 건강한 몸 상태를 유지하고 있다. 두 번째 환자 역시 꾸준한 한방치료를 통해 비교적 좋은 삶의 질을 유지하며 기본 체력 또한 많이 상승되면서 골수 이식을 받을 정도까지 몸 상태가 개선되었다. 본 증례보고는 마땅한 치료법이 없는 골수이형성증후군 환자들에게 한방 치료가 특별한 부작용 없이 환자들이 호소하는 증상을 개선하고 기본적인 체력 증진에 도움이 되며 급성 골수성 백혈병으로의 진행을 예방하는 동시에 기존의 보존적 치료법의 효과를 극대화 시키는 효과가 있음을 보여주는 증례라고 하겠다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2009

Objectives : We evaluated the risk of fracture associated with hypotension-related adverse drug reaction caused by taking alpha blockers to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods : We used the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database from January 1st 2005 to June 30th 2006 for this study. The male patients with BPH and who had a prescription for alpha blockers following any fractures were defined as the cases. We set the 20 day long hazard period prior to the index date and the four control periods whose lengths were same with hazard period. After 1:4 matching of the hazard and control periods, conditional logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios for the risk of fractures as related to the alpha blocker exposure. Results : Doxazosin and tamsulosin showed the increased risk of fractures, whereas terazosin did not. After stratification using the defined daily doses, a protective effect was shown for the patients who took terazosin at the doses lower than 0.4 DDD and the hazardous effect at the doses higher than or equal to 0.4 DDD. There was no significant difference for the risk of patients taking tamsulosin at the doses higher than 1.0 DDD but there was a statistically significant increase in the risk at the doses higher than or equal to 1.0 DDD. Conclusions : Alpha blockers for BPH may increase the risk of fracture in elderly patients who have comorbidities and take the concomitant medications. Alpha blockers need to be prescribed with caution, although some have high prostate specificity.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.203-207
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• 1997

Background: To date, there are no controlled studies assessing the effect of metoclopramide administered epidurally to prevent nausea and vomiting associated with epidural morphine for postoperative analgesia. This study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of continuous epidural infusion of metoclopramide, combined with epidural morphine, in reducing nausea or vomiting associated with epidural morphine and minimizing the side effects of metoclopramide. Methods: Sixty patients undergoing elective gynecologic surgery were randomly assigned to one of two study groups. Patients received continuous epidural morphine infusion (6.0 mg/day) following a bolus loading dose of 3.0 mg (Group A), or epidural mixture of morphine (6.0 mg/day) plus metoclopramide (20 mg/day) following a bolus loading dose (morphine 3.0 mg, metoclopramide 10 mg)(Group B). For the first 24 postoperative hours, incidence of nausea or vomiting, need for antiemetic therapy, level of sedation, degree of pain and pruritus, and adverse effects associated with metoclopramide were evaluated. Result: Incidence of nausea or vomiting and number of patients who required antiemetic therapy were significantly less in Group B, than in Group A (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between groups with regard to adverse effects associated with metoclopramide such as sedation, extrapyramidal reaction and other side effects (P=NS). Conclusion: We conclude simultaneous titration of morphine and metoclopramide via epidural continuous infusion following epidural bolus injection of the mixture reduces nausea or vomiting associated with epidural morphine while preventing side effects of metoclopramide.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2018

In this report, we present a case study of how pharmacogenomics and pharmacometabolomics can be useful to characterize safety and pharmacokinetic profiles in early phase new drug development clinical trials. During conducting a first-in-human trial for a new molecular entity, we were able to determine the mechanism of dichotomized variability in plasma drug concentrations, which appeared closely related to adverse drug reactions (ADRs) through integrated omics analysis. The pharmacogenomics screening was performed from whole blood samples using the Affymetrix DMET (Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters) Plus microarray, and confirmation of genetic variants was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Metabolomics profiling was performed from plasma samples using liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A GSTM1 null polymorphism was identified in pharmacogenomics test and the drug concentrations was higher in GSTM1 null subjects than GSTM1 functional subjects. The apparent drug clearance was 13-fold lower in GSTM1 null subjects than GSTM1 functional subjects (p < 0.001). By metabolomics analysis, we identified that the study drug was metabolized by cysteinylglycine conjugation in GSTM functional subjects but those not in GSTM1 null subjects. The incidence rate and the severity of ADRs were higher in the GSTM1 null subjects than the GSTM1 functional subjects. Through the integrated omics analysis, we could understand the mechanism of inter-individual variability in drug exposure and in adverse response. In conclusion, integrated multi-omics analysis can be useful for elucidating the various characteristics of new drug candidates in early phase clinical trials.

• 약학회지
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.378-386
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• 2014

Topical agents including of steroids are easily exposed to Korean patients in community setting. Those topical agents must be use cautiously because can cause adverse drug reaction unlike other oral medication. We evaluate the using pattern topical agents of Korean in community setting. We performed a questionnaire survey in three different pharmacies (general community pharmacy, dermatology clinic oriented pharmacy, general hospital oriented pharmacy) and in three university town. The survey asked necessity of topical agents, the number of applications per day, application period, site, and exist of steroids ingredient, etc. Total 330 people was participated in the survey from May 1st to July 31st, 2014. We analysed the survey by the frequency of each question and cross-analysis of the compliance between general public and pharmacy groups. In results, Korean people used topical agents for sudden skin diseases (66.9%), was gotten by dermatologist's prescription (89.1%), and did not know their diagnosis (39.2%). The people applied topical agents on face (22.3%), less one half FTU (finger tip unit) per application (61.9%), less than one week (62.9%). Though they was received drug education from pharmacist (52.2%), did not heard about adverse effects (78.4%). And compliance of applied times in pharmacy group was higher than in-non-pharmacy group (56% vs 38%, p=0.002). The highest compliance between 3 pharmacy subgroup was general community pharmacy (76.3% vs 61.6%, 61.2%, p=0.039). Compliance of applied duration was no difference between groups. Majority of respondents did not know diversity of ingredients, potency, application area of topical steroids, and replied to feel some vague reluctance and to think so dangerous about topical steroids. In conclusion, Korean people in community use topical agents well but still some exposed to risk from topical agents.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.157-167
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• 2020

Objectives : The purpose of this clinical study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of Hwangryunhaedok-tang on the gastritis treatment. Methods : A total of 20 subjects who visited Pusan National University Hospital from April 2nd, 2019 to September 2nd, 2019 were included. In this study, we evaluated the individual symptoms through questionnaires, laboratory test, BIA (Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis), and adverse reaction according to medication. Statistical analysis was performed with paired t-test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. Statistical significance was achieved if the probability was less than 5% (p < 0.05). Results : After medications, the total score of individual symptoms, primary outcome, was significantly decreased. In particular, individual symptoms such as upper abdominal pain, bloating, heartburn and trim showed significant improvement. However, no statistically significant differences were found in nausea/vomiting and anorexia. In additions, the laboratory test showed a statistically significant decrease in total cholesterol, but no statistically significant differences in results of BIA. In the safety evaluation, adverse reactions were not reported. Conclusions : Considering this results, we have confirmed the possibility of Hwangryunhaedok-tang to the gastritis treatment.