• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.98-108
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to provide for the basic data useful to the effective production and marketing of the foundation garments befitting adult women's body shapes and preferences, and thereby, help them improve their apparel life. For this purpose, 563 Korean adult women aged between 20-59 were sampled to survey their recognition and actual wearing condition of foundation garments and positively identify the factors affecting the practices and thereupon, determine the correlations among them by age group. Data is processed by a computer (SAS) and analyzed by using frequency, percentage, ${\chi}^2$-test, ANOVA, Duncan-test. The main results of this study are as follows; 1. The most of the adult women were aware of the basic underwear terminologies and the absolute majority of them wore brassieres, while a half of them used the girdles. In contrast, only a small portion of them wore body suites or waste-nippers and the absolute minority of them had garterbelts. 2. The use of the foundations depended much on users' ages or seasons. They had begun to wear brassieres and girdles at their age of 15 on average, and bodysuites, waist-nippers or garterbelts around their age of 20 depending on their individual needs. 3. The adult women had 3-6 brassieres and 2-3 girdles on average, but only a minority of them owned one or two body suites, waist-nippers or garterbelts. They had ever used the functional foundations (11.5%) or imported foundations (35.9%), It has been found through this study that adult women's recognition and actual wearing condition of their foundation garments differ by age group, which may well suggest that foundation production need to take such age-wise practices into consideration in setting up their foundation production and marketing strategies.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.684-691
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• 2020

This study was attempted to provide basic data for health promotion program for depressive relief by grasping the degree of depression of adult women and grasping the factors affecting depression. Data were collected using structured questionnaire for 249 adult women in the one marine city and analyzed through technical statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis. According to the study, 76.3 percent (190 people) of women in the city were depressed. The subjects who expressed depression showed negative correlations with social support, self-respect and subjective euphoria and between depression and stress as positive correlation. The result of multiple regression analyses to identify the effects of depression have shown that stress is a major influencing factor, and this model has a 21.1% explanatory power. Therefore, the study found stress as a significant factor in the depression of adult women, it is necessary to develop and apply health promotion programs that can reduce stress in order to reduce depression in adult women.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.141-157
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• 2013

In this study, we analyzed the figure type and lower-body size of Shanghai and Hong Kong adult women in their early twenties using the data obtained from 3D whole body scanners. We also provided concrete information related to women's lower bodies, in terms of crotch width, crotch length, inseam, outseam, slope of waist, etc., among women in Shanghai and Hong Kong. The result may be useful to the Chinese apparel industry when designing trouser pants for adult women. According to the results of the factor analysis for categorizing the body shape of the lower half, 5 factors were obtained: obesity of the lower half factor, height of the lower half factor, length from waist to the crotch factor, factor related to legs, and shape of the abdomen factor. After performing a cluster analysis according to the factor analysis, three clusters were set: Cluster 1 was represented as the lower half growth type, which has a high value in height of the lower half factor and grows in the abdomen part. Cluster 2 was represented as thin legs type, which has a low value in most part compared to the length of leg bones and factors about legs that have high value. Cluster 3 was represented as the obesity type having a high value in the obesity of the lower half factor. Overall, thin legs type achieved a high rate in Shanghai adult women and obesity type received a high rate in adult women living in Hong Kong.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.241-249
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• 2000

The bone mineral density(vertebrae Ll-4, femoral neck, Ward's triangle and trochanter) of 160 healthy adult women aged 29-45 was measured and general characteristics, anthropomentric measurements, and dietary intake were also studied to determine the main factors affecting the bone mineral density(BMD) of adult women. The nutrient intake of the subjects was adequate to RDA level except energy, Ca, Fe, and vit A. The BMD of vertebrae L24 showed significant positive association with nutrient intake such as animal protein, P, Ca(animal) and Fe(animal). The BMD of the femoral neck correlated significantly with anthropometric measurements such as height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, body fat and body mass index. The BMD of both sites(vertebrae L24 and femoral neck) were significantly related to vertebrae L24 was daily Ca intake and that of femoral neck was daily energy expenditure. In conclusion, adequate nutrient intake, especially protein, P, Ca and Fe as well as increases in physical activity were suggested to prevent the loss of bone mineral density in adult women.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.137-153
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• 2007

This research studied differences in the distribution of maternal attachment representation between divorced and non-divorced low income mothers, associations between their divorce and childhood experiences, and associations between maternal attachment representation and childhood experiences. Subjects were twenty each divorced and still-married women with low socioeconomic status. The Adult Attachment Interview was used to assess their attachment representation resulting in classification by four types; autonomous (F), dismissing (Ds), preoccupied (E), or unresolved/disorganized (Ud). The divorced women had more childhood experiences of being rejected and neglected by their mothers than the non-divorced women. This indicates that maternal childhood experiences were related to maternal attachment representation and divorce.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.256-264
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships between objective obesity, subjective obesity, body attitudes and dieting among college women. Method: The convenience sample consisted of 531 women. BMI was calculated based on self-reported weight and height. Body Attitudes Questionnaire (BAQ) was used to evaluate attitude toward women's body. Result: BMI mean score was 19.75. Based on BMI, 84.2 percent of the subjects were in a normal weight range and 0.9 percent of the subjects were obese. However, 26.9 percent of the subjects evaluated themselves as obese. Forty-one percent of the subjects were on a diet to reduce thier body weight. Body attitudes were associated with BMI and subjective obesity. BMI of the dieters was higher than that of the subjects who were not on a diet. Subjective obesity was associated with dieting. BAQ subscales except 'attractiveness' were associated with dieting. Conclusion: Many subjects were on a diet since they wanted to be thinner. Body attitudes were associated with dieting. Therefore, proper education is needed in weight management for young adult women.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.965-978
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• 2014

To determine the parameters to be considered when designing lower-body apparel, we analyzed the lower-body figures of adult women in their early 20s from Shanghai, China, using 3-dimensional whole body scanner. Thirty-nine lower-body-related measurements were used to analyze the figures of 210 Chinese women. Obesity and height of the lower body, length from waist to crotch, shape of abdomen, and leg bone length were analyzed. Factor analysis was performed and the results were classified into three clusters. The first cluster describes the obesity of the lower body, the second denotes small hip measurement, and the third describes slim and long legs. This is the first study to quantify figure analysis of the lower body of Chinese women using 3-dimensional body measurements. The findings of this study will provide concrete information regarding crotch width, crotch length, inseam, outseam, waist slope, etc., for designing trouser patterns for Chinese adult women.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.72-86
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• 2008

This study was aimed at providing some information about Chinese adult women's body measurements and standard body types to the Korean apparel businesses who have advanced into the Chinese apparel markets, while endeavoring to localize their businesses, and thereby, conducing to development and production of women's apparel well fitting the Chinese consumers in terms of measurements and shapes. To this end, the researchers sampled the Chinese adult women in Beijing and Shanghai aged between 19 and 20 and therewith, surveyed their upper body measurements and changes over time and thereupon, determined their standard body types.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.265-275
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore essences and meanings of using oral contraceptives among adult women. Methods: The interview was conducted with 20 adult women who lived in Seoul, Gyeongi Province, Jeolla Province, Chungcheong Province, and Gangwon Province. Participants with the experience of using oral contraceptives for contraception were selected by convenience sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted for data collection. The data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method. Results: Five themes revealed: 'Lack of information and knowledge regarding oral contraceptives', 'Inconvenient and difficult purchase process of oral contraceptives', 'Pressure and fear regarding other people's reaction', 'Self-centered thinking toward the use of oral contraceptives', 'A need for a change in public awareness and policy'. Conclusion: A change in society's perception about oral contraceptives is required for safe contraceptives use. Therefore, it is necessary to educate the correct usage of oral contraceptives, and to develop a program for changing the paradigm of sex education.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.59-71
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to provide for the basic data useful to the development of a quality brassiere featuring a good wearing feeling and an effect of reinstating and correcting breast shape. For this purpose, 220 adult women aged between 20 and 59 were sampled to survey their perceived and actual breast shapes. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. Most adult women correctly perceive the changes of their breast shapes as they become older. However, the younger women tend to evaluate their breast as larger than their actual sizes, being more dissatisfied with their breast shapes than older women, while wanting their constitution to be more high and slim. In short, there is a little difference between their perceived and actual breast shapes. 2. The breast shape perceived most by the adult women is "droopy type I"(37.7%), followed by "conical type"(21.8%), "flat type"(16.8%), "semi-circular"(10.8%), "droopy type II"(8.6%) and "extruded type"(5.0%) in their order. The younger women tend to perceive their breasts as "flat", "conical" or "semi-circular", while the older women tend to perceive their breasts as "droopy". 3. According to the increase of age, the items of height were decreased and items of width, depth, circumference and length were increased, being obser and breast point were drooped. so volume and bottom area of breast of 40ㆍ50's women's age group were larger than 20?30's women's age group and breast point width of 40ㆍ50's women was being wider by increase of interior dimensions of breast.