• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.63-67
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• 1992

This paper reports the effects of rare earth nitrate (REN) on the growth of internal organs and mineral elements in serums of broiler chickens. The REN used is mixture of light RE containing mainly La, Ce, Pr and Nd 4 elements. 40 eight-week old AA broiler chickens were divided randomly into four groups that their treatments were respectively 0, 20, 200 and 2000 mg REN/kg feed and the duration of the experiment was 60 days. Responses were measured in terms of internal organic weight and tissue, contents of mineral elements in serums. There were no significant differences between the organ ratios and tissue changes of the 20, 200 mg REN/kg groups and the control group. The organs included the heart, liver, kidneys, lungs, testicles, thyroids, adrenal glands, pancreas, tonsies of caecum, stomachus glandularis, duodenum, ileum and bursa of Fabricius. The liver and thyroid indices of 2000 mg REN/kg group were significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.01, p < 0.05) and the adrenal gland index lower (p < 0.05). The pathlolgic changes in the heart, kidney and thyroid were more serious than that of the control group. No significant differences occurred between the contents of K, Na, Mg elements in the serum of all groups, with the exception of the content of Ca, which was higher in the 2000 mg/kg group (p < 0.05). The contents of all trace elements including Mn, Zn and Cu, but except Fe, in the serums of all the treated groups were significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.01).

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.4-4
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• 2010

The aim of this study is to investigate anti-stress effect of Nelumbo nucifera extract (NNE) inimmobilization - stressed ICR mice. Stress exposure has induced adrenal gland weight, plasma glucose and level in NNE. The experiments were performed with the use of 9 weeks of age male ICR mice (20-25g) at the time of first treatment with NNE. Animals of the normal group were not exposed to any stress and the control group were exposed to stress. The rats of NNE and Diazepam (BZ) supplementary group were orally administered once a day, 100 mg of NNE, 5 mg of BZ extract/kg body weight and they were exposed to stress. Animals were given supplements for 7 days without stress, and then were given supplements for 5 days with restraining. NNE was effective in decreasing scopolamine induced deficit in passive avoidance test and levels of blood corticosterone which was increased by stress in the mice.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 1996

A new composite antibiotic, SM-101(sulbactam·metampicillin), was at dose levels of 0, 375, 750 and 1500 mg/kg/day administered intravenously to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats during the organogenetic period. Two-third of dams per group were subjected to caesarean section on day 20 of pregnancy and the remaining 10 dams per group were allowed to deliver. Effects of test substance on dams, embryonal development of F1 fetuses, as well as growth, behaviour and mating performance of F1 offspring were examined. In dams, two deaths occurred at 375 and 1500 mg/kg, respectively. The decrease in the weight of adrenal glands of the 1500 mg/kg group was observed. The prolongation of pregnancy period was found at 1500 mg/kg. F1 fetuses showed no changes related to the treatment of SM-101. In F1 offspring, the increase in spleen weight was seen at all doses treated. No treatment-related abnormalities were observed in each treated group in terms of development, behaviour and reproductive performance. In F2 fetuses, no drug-induced abnormalities occurred at all doses. The results show that the no-effect dose levels (NOELS) for dams and Fl offspring are under 375 mg/kg/day and NOELs for F1/F2 fetuses are over 1500 mg/kg/day.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.227-235
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• 1998

KH-502 (Flupyrazofos), a new organophosphorus insecticide synthesized by Korea Re-search Institute of Chemical Technology, was found to be effective against diamond-back moth(Plutella xylostella). This study was carried out to determine the acute toxicity of KH-502 in Sprague-Dawley rats and ICR mice. The test article was orally or dermally administered to the animals. Death, tremors, salivation, lacrimation, abnormal gait and corneal opacity were observed. Decrease in body weight gain was observed in all treatment groups. At necropsy, dark red coloration of lung, enlargement of adrenal glands and atrophy of spleen were observed. The oral $LD_{50}$ value was 372 mg/kg in male rats, 605 mg/kg in female rats, 186 mg/kg in male mice, and 115 mg/kg in female mice. And the dermal $LD_{50}$ was 4086 mg/kg in male and 3881 mg/kg in female rats.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.145-151
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• 1972

In order to investigate the effects of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) on animals, a total of 105 mice given a ration containing different percentage of bracken fern were studied pathologically during the experimental period of 90 days. The results obtained were as follow: 1. Mice in the group, given a ration containing 15% of bracken fern, showed 85% of death rate in 90 days, and mice in the group, given a ration containing 25% of it, showed 100% in 30 days 2. The experimental mice showed decreased myeloid cells and significant reduction in erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes. 3. Severe congestion and hemorrhages were observed in lungs, liver, kidney, spleen, stomach, intestine, brain, adrenal and testis from the ones that died during the experimental period, but the necropsies of the latter period indicated mild chanties comparatively. 4. Mice in the group, given a ration containing 15% blacken fern showed a decreasing tendency in body weight.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.12-20
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• 1995

Clofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator, is hepatocarcinogenic in rats in a dose-dependent manner. A total of 70 male and female F344 rats, 5-week-old, were divided into three groups. Rats were fed clofibrate at 0, 0.25, or 0.5% in diet for 30 days. All rats were anesthetized with $CO_2$, blood samples were taken by cardiac puncture for hematology and clinical chemistry, and the rats were killed by exsanguination. Livers, kidenys, pancreas, adrenal glands, spleen, heart, lungs, thyroid gland, reproductive organs, and digestive organs were removed, weighed, later processed, and embedded with paraplast for histological examination. The relative liver and kidney weights with respect to final body weight in the clofibrate-treated group were significantly increased compared with those of control group at all dose levels (p<0.01). It has been suggested that clofibrate may influence on hepatotoxicity by increases in peroxisomal proliferation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.569-572
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• 2001

Selective. highly stable determination of epinephrine(adrenalin) was achieved in cyclic voltammetric measurement carried out at electrochemically treated conductive boron-doped diamond electrode. Boron-doped diamond electrodes were prepared on single crystal Si wafers by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition and $B_{2}O_{3}$ was dissolved in acetone/methanol(9:1) mixture solution so that the B/C weight ratio ca. $10^{4}ppm$. Epinephrine is a kind of catecholamines, which secreted from adrenal marrow cells. The serious problem to detection of epinephrine is the interference phenomena of electroactive constituent. including AA. In this study. electrochemical treatment of BDD was carried out to discriminate between epinephrine and AA responses. Experimental results showed that the peak potential of AA oxidation shift to the positive direction and the oxidation peak of epinephrine was unchanged. The effect of electrochemical treatment was maintained up to 40hrs.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.232-241
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• 1998

This study was done to investigate whether cholic acid derivatives have anti-stress activity in various stress models. Two cholic acid derivatives, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (WDCA), were used. physical, psychological, chemical and environmental stress models were performed. Adrenal weight, serum glucose levels and ALP activity were elevated in restraint stress model, but this elevation was prevented by UDCA treatment. Moreover, UDCA and TUDCA inhibited exploratory and spontaneous movements in oscillation stress model. In alcohol-induced stress model, TUDCA improved rotarod performance. UDCA and TUDCA significantly reduced the involution of lymphoid organs and the increment of WBC counts in cold stress model. These findings suggest that choric acid derivatives have antistress effects in various stress models.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2009

The anti-stress effects of kimchi were studied in the Sprague-Dawley rats dosed with kimchi. The rats in the stress groups were subjected to immobilization stress for 2 hr/day for 5 days. At the end of the experimental period, daily average food intake and body weight (BW) gain had been reduced in the stress group compared to the control group. Daily average food intake was significantly increased in the stress-kimchi diet group compared to the stress-only group. The weights of the thymus and spleen were decreased by immobilization stress, but this reduction was partially suppressed by the addition of kimchi. The weights of the adrenal gland and epididymal adipose tissue were increased in the stress group, but ingestion of kimchi completely and partially suppressed these stress-induced changes, respectively. Serum levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride, and plasma levels of corticosterone were increased in the stress group, but at control levels in the stress-kimchi diet group.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.569-572
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• 2001

Selective, highly stable determination of epinephrine(adrenalin) was achieved in cyclic voltammetric measurement carried out at electrochemically treated conductive boron-doped diamond electrode. Boron-doped diamond electrodes were prepared on single crystal Si wafers by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition and B$_2$O$_3$ was dissolved in acetone/methanol(1:1) mixture solution so that the B/C weight ratio ca. 10$^3$ppm.. Epinephrine is a kind of catecholamines, which secreted from adrenal marrow cells. The serious problem to detection of epinephrine is the interference phenomena of electroactive constituent, including AA. In this study, electrochemical treatment of BDD was carried out to discriminate between epinephrine and AA responses. Experimental results showed that the peak potential of AA oxidation shift to the positive direction and the oxidation peak of epinephrine was unchanged. The effect of electrochemical treatment was maintained up to 40hrs.