• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.431-440
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• 2002

Recently P. Ozsv$\'{a}$th Z. Szab$\'{o}$ proved higher type adjunction inequalities for embedded surfaces in 4-manifolds of non-simple type. The aim of this short paper is to give a simple and direct proof of such higher type adjunction inequalities for smoothly embedded surfaces with negative self-intersection number in smooth 4-manifolds of non-simple type. This will be achieved through a relation between the Seiberg-Witten invariants used to get adjunction inequalities of 4-manifolds of simple type and a blow-up formula.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.683-691
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• 1999

It has long been a question which homology class is represented by an embedded 2-sphere in a smooth 4-manifold. In this article we study the adjunction inequality, one of main results of Seiberg-Witten theory in smooth 4-manifolds, for an embedded 2-sphere. As a result, we give a criterion which homology class cannot be represented by an embedded 2-sphere in some cases.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2011

The aim of the paper is to develop an identification method for digital spaces and to study its digital homotopic properties related to a strong k-deformation retract.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.401-409
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• 2007

This paper is sequel to [3]. In this paper, we discuss some properties of an algebraic meet-continuous lattice and study a complete lattice which can be embedded into an algebraic meet-continuous lattice.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.211-221
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• 2007

In this paper, we define ${\bigwedge}$-structure, ${\bigvee}$-structure to generalize some lattices, and study the conditions that a lattice which has ${\bigwedge}$-structure or ${\bigvee}$-structure to be continuous or algebraic.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.109-142
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• 1990

The present pater aims to review Barriers framework proposed by chomsky(1986b) to point out some potential problems and to give an alternative definition of barriers.Chomsky assumes that adjunction to non-argument is possible for syntactic movement But this assumption results in overgeneration of ungrammatical sentences.We do not allow any adjunction in syntax,and abandin the Empty Category Princile,instead we propose Head Licensing Cindition and Antecedent Condition.HLC requires empty non-proneminals to be marked by head either lexical or functional and AC states that traces should be 0-subjacent to their antecedents.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 2012

In this study, the properties of acryl emulsion with adjunction procedures of tackifier resin and tackifier emulsion were investigated. Glass transition temperature of acryl emulsions was increased with the content of tackifiers. The initial strength showed the maximum value when the contents of tackifier resin and tackifier emulsion were 10 phr and 15 phr, respectively. Additionally, the strengths on heat and water resistances were increased with the contents of tackifier.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.77-87
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• 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of the tunnel technique for root coverage using a new xenogeneic acellular dermal matrix vs. connective tissue grafting (CTG) for the treatment of multiple maxillary adjacent recessions (recession type 1) at 12 months postoperatively. Methods: This study enrolled 12 patients with at least 3 contiguous, bilateral, symmetrical maxillary gingival recessions (i.e., at least 6 recessions per patient). In total, 74 recessions were treated using the modified coronally advanced tunnel (MCAT) technique combined with a novel porcine-derived acellular dermal matrix (PADM) at 37 test sites or CTG at 37 control sites. The following clinical parameters were measured: recession height, clinical attachment level, width of keratinized tissue, probing depth, recession width, gingival thickness, mean root coverage (MRC), and complete root coverage (CRC). Comparisons between test and control groups were made for pain visual analog scale scores at 14 days. Results: At 12 months, the MCAT with PADM (test) yielded a statistically significant improvement in all clinical parameters studied. MRC was significantly higher on the control sides (80.6%±23.7%) than on the test sides (68.8%±23.4%). Similarly, CRC was 48.7%±6.8% on the control sides (CTG), in contrast to 24.3%±8.2% on the test sides (PADM). Statistically significant differences were observed in favor of the control sides for all clinical parameters studied. Nevertheless, the MCAT in adjunction with PADM was clearly superior at reducing mean and maximum patient-reported postoperative pain intensity and pain duration in the first week after surgery. Conclusions: The use of PADM to treat multiple recessions improved clinical parameters at 12 months, but these outcomes were nevertheless poorer than those observed for CTG. However, PADM reduced morbidity, particularly the pain experienced by patients.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.389-401
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• 1998

In this study, 21 patients diagnosed as adult periodontitis were divided into 4 groups. One quadrant with an average of 6mm deep pocket depth was chosen from each individual - Group A inserted tetra-cycline fiber after removing supragingival calculus while group RP had calculus removal and root planning alone. Group RP+A received combination of these treatments while group C received none. Plaque index, bleeding on probing, pocket depth, attachment level, and distribution of subgingival plaque were compared and evaluated among these groups at periods of first visit, 4th week and 8th week. The results were as follows ; 1. Plaque index and bleeding on probing improved after treatment and no significant difference was found between the groups. 2. When comparing the change in pocket depth between the groups, the use of tetracycline fiber showed significant reducton in pocket depth comparable to root planing. Combined therapy of tetracycline fiber and root planing showed synergistic effect in pocket depth reduction. 3. When comparing the change in attachment level between the groups, the use of tetracycline fiber showed significant increase in clinical attachment level comparable to root planing, but no synergistic effect was found in the combined therapy. 4. When comparing the change in the motile bacteria ratio between the groups, group RP and group RP+A showed significant decrease compared with control group. 5. There were no severe adverse effects from using tetracycline fiber, except for a few patient who experienced mild discomfort. In summary, the use of local adminstration of tetracycline fiber in adjunction to mechenical treatment can be effective for adult periodontitis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.83-91
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• 2017

In order to cope with the abnormally high waves during the storm surge due to climate change, various methods have been proposed for interlocking adjacent caissons to enhance stability of harbor structures. Among the methods, it was studied the method based on an open-cell caisson having reduction effect increasing the cohesion with adjunction caissons by filling materials such as crushed rocks in an inter-cell formed by two facing open-cells which consist of transverse walls. It is necessary to investigate the shear behaviors of an inter-cell to secure the stability using calculating shear forces on inter-cell under oblique wave loadings. It was analyzed the shear force share ratio with the length of internal and external wall and the number of internal walls. Numerical results show that 60~70% of the shear load is transmitted to adjacent caisson through the internal walls, more than 30% is through the external wall. It was applicable in the assumption that filling materials was uniformly distributed in inter-cells, and further studies were worth consideration on other conditions under construction.