• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2009

This study investigated whether increased adiposity is prevented by estrogen replacement in female ovariectomized (OVX) C57BL/6J mice, an animal model of human menopause and whether these metabolic changes reflect the inhibitory action of estrogen on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor $\gamma$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$)-regulated gene expression. Treatment of $17{\beta}$-estradiol for the last one week of the experiment decreased high fat diet-induced body weight gain and white adipose tissue mass compared to OVX control mice. Histological analysis showed that administration of $17{\beta}$-estradiol to mice decreased the size of adipocytes in parametrial adipose tissue versus OVX control mice. In addition, $17{\beta}$-estradiol reduced the adipose expression of $PPAR{\gamma}$ as well as $PPAR{\gamma}$ target genes such as adipocyte fatty acid binding protein and tumor necrosis factor $\alpha$. These results suggest that $17{\beta}$-estradiol may inhibit adiposity through reducing the $PPAR{\gamma}$ activities in female OVX mice.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.197-201
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• 2009

This study evaluated the effect of biocellulose and the diet formulation on reducing body weight gain of obese rats induced by high-fat diet for 10 weeks. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to high-fat diet group (OB-CON), high-fat diet group containing 5% biocellulose (OB-BIO), and high-fat diet group containing 5% dietary formulation (OB-DF). After feeding each diet for additional 10 weeks, body weight gains of OB-BIO and OB-DF groups were lower by 3.3 and 4.8%, respectively as compared with that of OB-CON group. Although not significant, measured values of the perirenal and visceral fat pads of OB-BIO and OB-DF groups were lower than those of the OB-CON group. The weight of interscapular brown adipose tissue did not show significant difference in all groups. The size of adipocyte in rats was lower in both OB-BIO and OB-DF groups. Thus, biocelluose and the diet formulation showed the anti-obesity effect.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.341-348
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• 2018

The polyherbal drug Gyeongshingangjeehwan 18 (GGEx18) from Rheum palmatum L. (Polygonaceae), Laminaria japonica Aresch (Laminariaceae), and Ephedra sinica Stapf (Ephedraceae) has traditionally been used as an antiobesity drug in Korean local clinics. This study investigates the effects of GGEx18 on pancreatic fibroinflammation in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese C57BL/6J mice and the molecular mechanism involved in this process. After HFD-fed obese C57BL/6J mice were treated with GGEx18 (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) for 12 weeks, variables and determinants of obesity, pancreatic inflammation, and fibrosis were measured using histology, immunohistochemistry, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Administration of GGEx18 at 500 mg/kg/day to obese mice decreased body weight gain, mesenteric adipose tissue mass, and adipocyte size. GGEx18 treatment not only reduced mast cells and CD68-immunoreactive cells, but also decreased collagen levels and ${\alpha}$-smooth muscle actin-positive cells in the pancreas of HFD-fed mice. Concomitantly, GGEx18 decreased the expression of genes for inflammation (i.e., CD68 and tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$) and fibrosis (i.e., collagen ${\alpha}1$ and transforming growth factor ${\beta}$) in the pancreas of obese mice. These results suggest that GGEx18 may inhibit visceral obesity and related pancreatic fibroinflammation in HFD-fed obese mice.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.161-167
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• 2022

Obesity is a complex metabolic disorder that increases the risk for type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. In this study, we evaluated the anti-obesity effects of Nelumbo nucifera leaf (NL) extract in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and obese db/db mice. NL extract among various parts (leaf, seed, and root) of N. nucifera most effectively reduced adipogenesis via inhibiting CCAAT enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The addition of NL extract enhanced the protein expression of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) as compared to untreated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The oral administration of NL extract (100 mg/kg BW) significantly reduced food efficacy ratio, body weight, and face or total cholesterol level in obese db /db mice. Also, administration of NL extract significantly decreased adipocyte size and C/EBPα or PPARγ expression in the adipose tissues as compared with control (obese db/db mice). Therefore, our results suggest that NL extract among various parts of N. nucifera could be used as a functional food ingredient for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases including obesity and diabetes.

• 대한융합한의학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-obesity effects of the aqueous extract of Schizandra chinensis (SC) in menopausal mice. Methods: To induce menopausal obesity, female mice were ovariectomized (OVX) and fed a high-fat diet (HFD; 60% fat, 28% carbohydrates, 14% protein) for 12 weeks. The mice were divided into 6 groups (n = 8): NOR (sham-operated and vehicle-treated), HFD+OVX (vehicle-treated), E2 (17-beta estradiol 50 ㎍/kg-treated), SC1 (1 mg/kg SC-treated), SC10 (10 mg/kg SC-treated), and SC100 (100 mg/kg SC-treated). Samples were orally administered for 6 weeks, after which all experimental mice were sacrificed. Body weight, feeding efficiency, white adipose tissue weight, adipocyte diameter, and fat vacuoles in liver were analyzed. Results: By treating with SC extract, the body weight and feeding efficiency of mice were significantly decreased. The weight of visceral fat tissues was decreased in the SC10 and SC100 groups. Histopathology showed that fat cell diameters of white adipose tissue were also decreased in the SC10 and SC100 groups. Additionally, SC extract regenerated the hepatocyte damage and decreased the size and number of follicular adipocytes Conclusion: In summary, these results suggest that SC has inhibitory effects against menopausal obesity. Schizandra chinensis may be a potential alternative for obesity among female menopausal diseases.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of white pan bread added with Kamut (Triticum turgidum spp.) on high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Methods: The white pan bread or white pan bread with Kamut (BK) were administered for 8 weeks in HFD-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. To evaluate the effect and its mechanisms of BK on obese mice, we measured body weight change, serum lipid profiles, histopathological analysis, and protein expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBPα) in the liver. Results: Administration of BK significantly decreased body weight in HFD-induced obese mice. In addition, BK-administered group significantly reduced serum total cholesterol, glucose, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels compared with the HFD-induced control group. The HFD-induced mice had damaged liver tissue and increased the size of adipose tissue, but BK-administered group attenuated liver damage and decreased the size of adipocyte. Furthermore, administration of BK significantly down-regulated C/EBPα in the liver compared with HFD-fed mice. In particular, BK-administered group has higher inhibited body weight, serum lipid profiles, and C/EBPα expressions than white pan bread-administered group. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that administration of BK attenuated HFD-induced obesity by regulation of C/EBPα than consumption of white pan bread. Therefore, BK could be developed as a bread for prevention of obesity.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.163-167
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• 2014

본 연구에서 우리는 고지방식이로 유도된 비만 마우스의 몸무게, 장기 무게, 부고환 지방조직 무게, 부고환 지방조직의 지방세포 크기 및 혈장 지질 농도가 E. faecalis MD366 균주의 투여로 어떤 영향을 미치는지 연구하였다. E. faecalis MD366균주의 항비만 효과를 알아보기 위하여 C57BL/6J 마우스를 정상식이군(ND), 고지방식이군(HFD), 고지방식이와 함께 E. faecalis MD366 균주를 경구투여한 군(HFD+MD366)으로 나누어 6주 동안 실험을 진행하였다. 6주 후 무게는 ND, HFD+MD366, HFD군 순으로 높게 나타났으며, 초기 무게 대비 체중 증가율은 HFD+MD366군이 HFD군에 비해 18.10% 감소하였다. 간과 신장, 고환의 장기조직 무게는 세 군 모두 비슷하였으며, 부고환 지방의 평균무게의 경우 ND군이 가장 작았으며, HFD+MD366군은 HFD군 보다 작게 나타났지만 유의적 차이는 보이지 않았다. E. faecalis MD366의 투여가 혈청 지질 농도에 미치는 영향을 본 결과, TG의 농도는 HFD+MD366군이 HFD군에 비해 감소하기는 했지만 유의적 차이는 없었으며, 총 콜레스테롤과 LDL-콜레스테롤 수치에 있어서도 HFD+MD366군이 HFD군에 비해 평균적으로 적은 수치를 나타내었으나, 유의적 차이는 보이지 않았다. 부고환 지방세포 크기의 분포를 본 결과 ND와 HFD+MD366군은 $2,000{\mu}m^2$ 크기의 지방세포가 가장 많이 분포하였고, HFD군에서는 $5,000{\mu}m^2$ 이상 크기의 지방세포가 가장 많이 분포하였으며, 지방 세포의 평균 크기는 ND, HFD+MD366, HFD 순으로 큰 것으로 나타났다. 비록 체중과 장기, 지방 무게와 혈청 지질농도 수치에는 E. faecalis MD366 균주가 큰 효과를 보이지 못했지만 부고환 지방세포 형성 및 지방세포 크기 증가를 저해함으로써 항비만 효과가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.913-918
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• 2005

가축에 있어서 marbling의 발달은 근육 내 지방세포의 크기 증가와 수에 밀접한 관계가 있다. 근육 내에 있는 지방전구세포는 marbling이 형성되는 동안 지방세포로 분화될 수 있는 능력을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 한우 12개월령에서부터 intramuscular preadipocyte 세포를 분리하였으며 그 세포는 섬유아세포형태를 나타내었다. intramuscular preadipocyte 세포는 insulin, dexamethasone과 thiazolidinedione을 포함하는 지방분화 배지로 배양하면 지방세포로 분화되었다. 18일째 까지 지방분화를 유도하였을 때 triglyceride의 양은 대조구인 0일째보다 월등히 높았다. 그리고 thiazolidinedione을 처리하였을 때는 지방형성이 더 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 또한 지방분화에 있어서 PPARγ mRNA의 발현이 증가함을 RT-PCR로 확인하였다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서 지방분화에 사용된 배양 시스템은 intramuscular preadipocyte 세포를 지방세포로 분화를 유도하였으며 이들 세포는 한우에 있어서 지방분화 기능을 연구하는데 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.1198-1207
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• 2019

고지방식이에 의해 유도한 비만모델동물에서 지장김치의 혈액 중 유해 지질 감소, 항비만 효능 및 그 작용 메카니즘을 조사하였다. 4개의 처리구는 CD(일반식이를 섭취한 정상 대조구, chow diet as normal control), HFD(고지방식이를 섭취한 비만 대조구, high fat diet as obesity), HFDCK(고지방식이+일반김치 추출물 투여구), HFDJK(고지방식이+지장김치 추출물 투여구)로 구분하여 김치추출물을 28일 동안 경구투여 하였다. 체중, 간 및 지방조직 무게는 비만모델동물에서 HFDJK가 HFDCK에 비해서 낮았다(p<0.05). 혈액 중성지방, 총콜레스테롤, LDL-C, 혈당은 HFD와 비교할 때 CD, HFDJK, HFDCK의 순서대로 낮았으며 HFDJK는 HFDCK에 비해 낮았다(p<0.05). 간 및 지방세포의 크기는 HFD, HFDCK, HFDJK의 순서대로 증가하였으며 HFDJK는 HFDCK에 비해서 크게 낮았다(p<0.05). 결과는 비만모델동물에서 지장김치의 섭취가 일반김치에 비해서 혈액 지질과 혈당을 낮추고 지방세포의 크기를 줄여줌으로써 항비만 효능을 갖는다는 점을 나타낸다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.494-502
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Reducing the number of adipocytes by inducing apoptosis of mature adipocytes as well as suppressing differentiation of preadipocytes plays an important role in preventing obesity. This study examines the anti-adipogenic and pro-apoptotic effect of red pepper seed water extract (RPS) prepared at $4^{\circ}C$ (RPS4) in 3T3-L1 cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: Effect of RPS4 or its fractions on lipid accumulation was determined in 3T3-L1 cells using oil red O (ORO) staining. The expressions of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and adipogenic associated proteins [peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-${\gamma}$ ($PPAR-{\gamma}$), CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins ${\alpha}$ (C/EBP ${\alpha}$), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)] were measured in 3T3-L1 cells treated with RPS4. Apoptosis and the expression of Akt and Bcl-2 family proteins [B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated death promoter (Bad), Bcl-2 like protein 4 (Bax), Bal-2 homologous antagonist/killer (Bak)] were measured in mature 3T3-L1 cells treated with RPS4. RESULTS: Treatment of RPS4 ($0-75{\mu}g/mL$) or its fractions ($0-50{\mu}g/mL$) for 24 h did not have an apparent cytotoxicity on pre and mature 3T3-L1 cells. RPS4 significantly suppressed differentiation and cellular lipid accumulation by increasing the phosphorylation of AMPK and reducing the expression of $PPAR-{\gamma}$, C/EBP ${\alpha}$, SREBP-1c, FAS, and ACC. In addition, all fractions except ethyl acetate fraction significantly suppressed cellular lipid accumulation. RPS4 induced the apoptosis of mature adipocytes by hypophosphorylating Akt, increasing the expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins, Bak, Bax, and Bad, and reducing the expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins, Bcl-2 and p-Bad. CONCLUSIONS: These finding suggest that RPS4 can reduce the numbers as well as the size of adipocytes and might useful for preventing and treating obesity.