• 대한수학회보
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.1855-1899
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• 2015

We discuss some additivity properties of the simplicial volume for manifolds with boundary: we give proofs of additivity for glueing amenable boundary components and of superadditivity for glueing amenable submanifolds of the boundary, and we discuss doubling of 3-manifolds.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.277-287
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• 2017

We consider ${\tau}_{\infty}(F)$ - the space of upper triangular infinite matrices over a field F. We investigate injective linear maps on this space which preserve the additivity of rank, i.e., the maps ${\phi}$ such that rank(x + y) = rank(x) + rank(y) implies rank(${\phi}(x+y)$) = rank(${\phi}(x)$) + rank(${\phi}(y)$) for all $x,\;y{\in}{\tau}_{\infty}(F)$.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2005

Chemical mixtures of components, each of which are present at less than guidance concentrations, may be hazardous due to additivity, interactions, or both. Toxicological interactions may increase the health hazard above what would be expected from an assessment of each component singly, or all components additively. So chemical mixture are a particular issue in public health. There are several approach to assess whether there are additivity or interaction in assessing toxicological effects, such as, components-based approach, physiologically-based pharmacokinetic /pharmacodynamic(PBPK/PD) models, hazard index method, and weight-of evidence method. If we consider interaction or additivity effects in assessing the health effects of chemcial mixtures, we can get more accurate information about toxicological effects and dose-response relationship in chemical mixtures.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제14권1_2호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2004

We characterize the additive operators preserving rank-additivity on symmetry matrix spaces. Let $S_{n}(F)$ be the space of all $n\;\times\;n$ symmetry matrices over a field F with 2, $3\;\in\;F^{*}$, then T is an additive injective operator preserving rank-additivity on $S_{n}(F)$ if and only if there exists an invertible matrix $U\;\in\;M_n(F)$ and an injective field homomorphism $\phi$ of F to itself such that $T(X)\;=\;cUX{\phi}U^{T},\;\forallX\;=\;(x_{ij)\;\in\;S_n(F)$ where $c\;\in;F^{*},\;X^{\phi}\;=\;(\phi(x_{ij}))$. As applications, we determine the additive operators preserving minus-order on $S_{n}(F)$ over the field F.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.564-568
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• 2018

Objective: This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary ${\beta}$-mannanase on the additivity of true metabolizable energy (TME) and nitrogen-corrected true metabolizable energy ($TME_n$) for broiler diets. Methods: A total of 144 21-day-old broilers were randomly allotted to 12 dietary treatments with 6 replicates. Five treatments consisted of 5 ingredients of corn, wheat, soybean meal, corn distillers dried grains with solubles, or corn gluten meal. One mixed diet containing 200 g/kg of those 5 ingredients also was prepared. Additional 6 treatments were prepared by mixing 0.5 g/kg dietary ${\beta}$-mannanase with those 5 ingredients and the mixed diet. Based on a precision-fed chicken assay, TME and $TME_n$ values for 5 ingredients and the mixed diet as affected by dietary ${\beta}$-mannanase were determined. Results: Results indicated that when ${\beta}$-mannanase was not added to the diet, measured TME and $TME_n$ values for the diet did not differ from the predicted values for the diet, which validated the additivity. However, for the diet containing ${\beta}$-mannanase, measured $TME_n$ value was greater (p<0.05) than predicted $TME_n$ value, indicating that the additivity was not validated. Conclusion: In conclusion, the additivity of energy values for the mixed diet may not be guaranteed if the diet contains ${\beta}$-mannanase.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.453-460
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• 2022

Objective: The objective was to test additivity of digestible energy and nutrient concentrations in the hatchery byproduct mixture fed to nursery pigs. Methods: In the previous studies, energy, phosphorus, calcium, and amino acid digestibility of infertile eggs, unhatched eggs, culled chicks, and a mixture of 3 hatchery byproduct ingredients was determined in nursery pigs (initial body weight = 9.4 to 14.2 kg). An additivity test was conducted using these determined values. Results: No difference was observed between determined and predicted metabolizable energy values in the mixture (3,998 and 3,990 kcal/kg as-is basis, respectively). Measured standardized total tract digestible phosphorus in the mixture was less than the predicted value (4.5 vs 5.3 g/kg as-is basis, respectively; p<0.05). Measured standardized total tract digestible calcium in the mixture was greater compared with the predicted value (40.0 vs 31.7 g/kg as-is basis, respectively; p<0.05). Measured standardized ileal digestible tryptophan in the mixture was greater than the predicted value (3.7 vs 3.1 g/kg as-is basis, respectively; p<0.05) whereas other amino acid values were additive. Conclusion: Energy and most of amino acid concentrations in hatchery byproducts are additive in the mixture fed to nursery pigs.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.271-279
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• 2007

Let A standard operator algebra which does not contain the identity operator, acting on a Hilbert space of dimension greater than one. If ${\Phi}$ is a bijective Lie map from A onto an arbitrary algebra, that is $${\phi}$$(AB-BA)=$${\phi}(A){\phi}(B)-{\phi}(B){\phi}(A)$$ for all A, B${\in}$A, then ${\phi}$ is additive. Also, if A contains the identity operator, then there exists a bijective Lie map of A which is not additive.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제24권1_2호
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• pp.489-503
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• 2007

In this paper, we define signed interval-valued Choquet integrals which have numerous applications in mathematical economics, informatiom theory, expected utility theory, and risk analysis on interval-valued random variables, for examples: interval-valued random payments and interval-valued random profiles, etc. And we discuss axiomatic characterizations of them. Furthermore, we fine some condition that comonotonic additivity of symmetric Choquet integrals on interval-valued random payments is satisfied and give two examples related the main theorem.

• 공업화학
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.709-714
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• 1993

세탄가는 디이젤 연료의 점화 특성, 특히 점화 지연의 측정인 동시에 동력학적 현상의 엔진측정값이다. 이러한 동력학적인 행동인 연료의 점화특성과 그 분자구조 즉 탄소 유형별 구조적 조성 사이에는 관련이 있다. 분자구조를 세부적으로 평가하고 세탄가를 예측하는데는 Group Additivity Rule이 사용된다. 본 연구에서는 표준 세탄 평가 엔진으로 세탄가들이 측정된 디이젤 연료들에 대하여 분자구조 측정방법 중 하나인 $^{13}C-NMR$ 분광법과 Group Additivity Rule을 사용하여 세탄가를 연료의 탄소 유형별 구조적 조성과 관련시켜 예측하고 세탄가에 대한 이들 분자구조의 영향에 관하여 고찰하였다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.246-250
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• 2004

We have classified a number of aqueous ternary systems containing two different polymers into three types by focusing on the deviation of the Huggins constant k'from the additivity line. Systems of type I have negative deviations of k'; the repulsive interaction between the two different polymers dominates. In systems of type II, k' almost follows the additivity relation; the repulsive and attractive interactions between the two different polymers are balancing. Type III systems have positive deviations of k'; the attractive interactions are relatively dominant. This classification of systems is supported by the fact that the positive and negative deviations of k' from the additivity line also correspond to the sign of interaction parameter between polymer 2 and 3, Δb$\_$23/. Furthermore, we have verified the relatively high compatibility between dextran and poly(vinyl alcohol) by determining the binodal concentration of a liquid-liquid phase separation for a water/dextran/poly(vinyl alcohol) system, which is classified as type III. Thus, we found that the compositional dependence of k' closely relates to the compatibility of binary polymer mixtures in aqueous ternary systems.