• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2001

Recently LPG engine is developed to fulfill such new requirements as improved fuel efficiency in additional to further reduced exhaust emission. This experimental study is conducted to analyze spray characteristics for pintle type injector used in a LPLi (Liquid Phase LPG injection) engine. Since spray parameters including penetration length and spray angle make a role to design injector and engine intake system, spray visualization experiment is performed under atmosphere ambient and charging condition using Mie scattering method. From the experimental result under various LPG formation, the increased propane component decreases penetration length because boiling point of propane is lower than butane. To simulate intake charging condition in MPI engine, spray visualization is performed under high pressure condition. As a result, as ambient pressure is increased from atmosphere to 3.0 bar, penetration length is decreased. However, as ambient pressure is increased from atmosphere to 3.0 bar, spray angle is increased.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 초청강연 및 논문집
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• pp.435-441
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• 2008

More time is required for consolidating soft clay when its hydraulic conductivity around the vertical drains is reduced by soil disturbance. One of the methods to be proposed to solve such problem is the electro-osmotic flow application. This study presents the experimental results of model tests using a modified oedometer and a large-scale cylinder with a sand drain. Results show that the development of negative excessive pore water pressure due to the DC electrical field in saturated clay can be transformed to additional loads causing more consolidation settlement.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 봄학술 발표회 논문집(I)
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• pp.159-162
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• 2005

To overcome the drawbacks of conventional load-control method and displacement-control method, the so-called volume-control method was developed by utilizing a pressure node added into a layered shell element. The pressure node has an increment of pressure as an additional degree of freedom of the shell element. In this study, the hollow RC columns are discretized with multi-layered shell elements and a modeling technique utilizing the volume-control analysis for various hollow RC column structures is introduced. The results of the nonlinear analysis using the modeling for hollow RC columns subjected to lateral reversed cyclic loading as well as lateral loading under compression are shown. Validity of the modeling technique is also verified by comparing the analysis results with experimental results and other analysis data.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.938-945
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• 2012

To design and estimate material failures of Type III pressure vessels, which have excellent stability and performance, various modeling techniques have been introduced. This paper provided a hybrid modeling technique composed of ply-based modeling for a cylinder part and laminate-base modeling technique for a dome part for enhancing modeling efficiency. The ply-based modeling technique provided accurate ply stresses directly for predicting material failure, on the other hand, additional manipulations in stress calculations, which may cause some errors, were needed for the case of the laminate-based modeling technique. The ply stresses in fiber, transverse and in-plane shear directions were compared with the corresponding material strengths to predict material failure.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2011

Growth behaviors of iron-nitride on S45C steels at low pressure gas nitriding were examined. Surfaces of the steels covered with fine and porous oxide during the pre-oxidation using $N_2O$ gas. Well faceted particles connected with them were observed after 1 min nitriding. They grew steadily and filled inter-pores during additional nitriding process. From the X-ray diffraction analysis, ${\gamma}'$-iron nitride was dominantly formed at the initial stage but the amount of ${\varepsilon}$-iron nitride was rapidly increased as nitriding treatment time. The porous layer was formed on the particles and thickened up to half of nitride layer after 60 min nitriding. The observed growth behaviors were discussed in internal stress related with volume expansion involved in transforming from iron to iron-nitrides.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2023

가스계량기의 검침방식이 발전하면서 원격검침이 가능한 스마트 가스 계량기(누출점검용 계량기 및 다기능 안전 계량기)가 사용되고 있다. 이러한 계량기는 부가기능으로 수집하는 유량 및 압력 데이터를 활용하여 누출 판단을 하는 기능이 있다. 유량 데이터를 이용한 누출판단 기능은 실제 현장에서 유효한 사례가 있지만 압력 데이터 기반 누출 판단 기준은 누출로 인한 압력 값 변화뿐만 아니라 여러 요인(정압기 압력 크기, 인접 계량기 연계, 인접 주택 사용량, 계량기 위치 등)으로 압력 크기 변화(레벨)가 있는 문제점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 스마트 가스계량기에서 수집되는 압력데이터를 활용하여 누출여부를 판단 할 수 있는 기법으로 압력 데이터 전처리 방법과 누출 여부 관련 압력 값 범위 기준, 누출판단 기법 및 적용 사례 검증을 통해 개발하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1231-1237
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• 2004

Determination of geometric design parameters of a second-throat type annual supersonic ejector is described. Tested geometric parameters were primary nozzle area ratio, cross-sectional area of second-throat, L/D ratio of second-throat and primary flow injection angle. Varying these four geometric parameters, we build a test matrix made of 81 test conditions, and experimental apparatus was fabricated to accommodate them. For each test condition, the stagnation pressure of primary flow and the static pressure of the secondary flow were measured simultaneously along with their transition to steady operation and finally to unstarting condition. Comparing the performance curve of every case focused on starting pressure, the unstarting pressure and the minimum secondary pressure, we could derive correlations that the parameters have on the performance of the ejector and presented the optimal design method of the ejector. Additional experiments were carried out to find effects of temperature and mass flow rate of the secondary flow.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.96-101
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• 2016

A two-dimensional Stokes flow past a circular disk in a circular tube is analyzed. The circular disk is located coaxially with the circular tube and the Hagen-Poiseuille flow exists at upstream and downstream far from the circular disk. The Stokes approximation is used and the flow is investigated analytically by using the method of eigenfunction expansion and the method of least square. From the analysis, the stream function and the pressure of the flow field are obtained, and the streamlines and pressure distribution are shown. Also, the pressure and shear stress distributions on the circular disk and circular tube wall are calculated, and shown for some typical radii of the circular disk. The additional pressure drop induced by the disk and the drag force exerted on the disk are compared as functions of the radius of the circular disk, and it is shown that the shear force on the wall of the tube increases due to the disk.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.71-96
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• 1997

We have used a novel liquid surface forces apparatus to determine the variation of disjoining pressure with film thickness for dodecane-water-dodecane emulsion films. The LSFA allows measurement of film thicknesses in the range 5-100 nm and disjoining pressure from 0-1500 Pa. Disjoining pressure isotherms are given for films stabilised by the nonionic surfactnat n-dodecyl pentaoxyethylene glycol ether$(C_{12}E_5)$ and n-decyl-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside($C_{10}- $\beta$-Glu)$ and the anionic surfactant sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulphosuccinate(AOT) in the presense of added electrolyte. For $C_{12}E_5$ and AOT, the emulsion films are indefinitely stable even for the highest concentration of NaCl tested (136.7 Nm) whereas the $C_{10}-{eta}-Glu$ film shows coalescence at this salt concentration. For film thicknesses greater than approximately 20 nm with all three surfactants, the disjoining pressure isotherms are reasonably well described in terms of electrostatic and van der Waals, forces. For the nonionic surfactant emulsion films, the charge properties of the monolayers are qualitatively similar to those seen for foam films. For AOT emulsion films, the monolayer surface potentials estimated by fitting the isotherms are similar to the values of the zeta potential measured for AOT stabilised emulsion droplets. For thin emulsion films certain systems showed isotherms which suggested the presence of an additional repulsive force with a range of approximately 20 nm.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.21
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• pp.117-118
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• 2008

High-pressure deuterium annealing process is proposed and investigated for enhanced electrical and reliability properties of 512Mb DDR2 DRAM without increase in process complexity. High pressure deuterium annealing (HPDA) introduced during post metal anneal (PMA) improves not only DRAM performance but also reliability characteristics of MOSFET. Compared with a control sample annealed in a conventional forming gas, additional annealing in a high pressure deuterium ambient at $400^{\circ}C$ for 30 min decreased G1DL current and junction leakage. The improvements can be explained by deuterium incorporation at $SiO_2$/Si substrate interface near isolation trench edge.