• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.85-94
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to examine the effects of nurses' perception of servant leadership on leader effectiveness, satisfaction and promoting additional effort. The focus was the mediating effects of leader trust and value congruence. Methods: Data were collected from 361 RN-BSN students and nurses participating in nationally attended in-service training programs. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and structural analysis with SPSS 17.0 windows program and Amos 7.0. Results: Direct effects of nurses' perception of servant leadership were negative, but mediating effects of trust and value congruency were positively correlated with leader effectiveness, satisfaction and additional effort, that is servant leadership should be effective through mediating factors. Conclusion: The study results indicate that if the middle managers of nurses can build leader trust and value congruency between nurses through servant leadership, leader effectiveness, satisfaction and additional effort on the part of the nurses could result in a positive change in the long term.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.587-595
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• 2015

The purpose of this article was to research the difference in additional marketing satisfaction by lifestyle of Korean restaurant customers (focus on foreign students at university in Gangwon province). In this research, factor analysis, cluster analysis, and ANOVA were carried out. Lifestyle was divided into seven factors and six clusters. Additional marketing satisfaction was divided into three factors. Additional marketing satisfaction showed a significant difference by lifestyle of foreign students. First, 'employee' had a highest point at C3 'convenience internet searching pursuit' but lowest point at C4 'brand preference pursuit' (p<0.001). 'Service process' had a highest point at C1 'safety health pursuit' but lowest point at C5 'effort pursuit' (p<0.001). 'Tangible clue' had a highest point at C3 'convenience internet searching pursuit' but lowest point at C5 'effort pursuit' (p<0.001). Additional marketing can reduce customer uncertainty, ambiguities, and wavering about eating at restaurants by intangibility of service. As a result, food-service corporations need to manage additional marketing as well as increase satisfaction and loyalty of customers.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.315-332
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• 2005

The Element-free Galerkin Method has become a very popular tool for the simulation of mechanical problems with moving boundaries. The internally applied Moving Least Squares interpolation uses in general Gaussian or cubic weighting functions and has compact support. Due to the approximative character of this interpolation the obtained shape functions do not fulfill the interpolation conditions, which causes additional numerical effort for the application of the boundary conditions. In this paper a new weighting function is presented, which was designed for meshless shape functions to fulfill these essential conditions with very high accuracy without any additional effort. Furthermore this interpolation gives much more stable results for varying size of the influence radius and for strongly distorted nodal arrangements than existing weighting function types.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2012

Based on Clark and Munro's theory of dynamic optimization between fishery resources and production, this study is aimed to take an empirical analysis of optimal production level to the Danish Seine fishery under the sandfish stock rebuilding plan. For empirical analysis, it examined the optimal fish stock size, production and fishing effort levels and it also made an additional evaluation of optimal production changes on main variables by sensitivity analyses. When a 4% of the discount rate is assumed, the optimal sandfish production of Danish Seine fishery would be 3,049 t, and the sandfish optimal stock size is evaluated to be 19,016 t. In addition, the optimal fishing effort is estimated to be 4,368 days. Accordingly, to achieve the optimal production level, current fishing efforts should be reduced while the fish stock size should be increased up to the optimal level.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.19-19
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• 2002

In this paper the authors explore the effect of bandwidth sharing to the utility of the customer for the best-effort Internet services and draw a basis for the pricing principle in Internet Protocol networks. Especially, we investigate the behavior of a customer′s utility in case an arbitrary amount of additional bandwidth is allowed to each customer for the elastic traffic, which is the typical example of the non-real time Internet data traffic. After drawing the utility curve, which will be proved to follow the concave curve, we will apply it to the pricing of Internet traffic. Finally, via numerical experiments, we will illustrate the validity and implication of the proposed method.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.277-284
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• 2002

In this paper the authors explore the effect of bandwidth sharing to the utility of the customer for the best-effort Internet services and draw a basis for the pricing principle in Internet Protocol networks. Especially, we investigate the behavior of a customer's utility in case an arbitrary amount of additional bandwidth is allowed to each customer for the elastic traffic, which is the typical example of the non-real time Internet data traffic. After drawing the utility curve, which will be proved to follow the concave curve, we will apply it to the pricing of Internet traffic. Finally, via numerical experiments, we will illustrate the validity and implication of the proposed method.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.58-64
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• 2004

In order to determine the level of safety on highway driving, the relationship between the psychophysiological signal and driving condition was investigated. In particular, a Demand-Effort model was conceptualized and used in this study to diagnose the suitability of driving by reading the patterns of psychophysiological signals. To run the model, threshold values were determined to categorize the high, moderate and low level of effort. To examine the sensitivity of the model, a cross-validation process was performed by collecting additional data. Further investigation need to be conducted to improve the sensitivity of the model for practical application.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.617-636
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• 2023

The goal of this study was to explain the phenomenon of making efforts to overcome the need-reality collision as a cultural characteristic of Koreans. Specifically, we examined whether the behavior varies depending on the degree of relational agency in the situation where conflicts between one's needs and reality have occurred. To this end, a total of 217 participants participated in the online experiment, and the data of 156 participants were finally analyzed. After responding to the relational agency scale, the participants were exposed to a decision-making scenario in which conflicting factors existed. The scenario were about buying a house and making a wedding hall contract, and in each scenario, two important values were set to conflict with each other in the market. Participants read the scenario and entered the level they wanted for each value. After that, they encounter a situation in which he or she has not found the candidate site corresponding to the level he or she wants. Then, the participants responded to their willingness to make additional efforts themselves. As a result of the study, the degree of relational agency of the participants showed a positive relationship with the degree of additional effort. In addition, the degree of the desired level beyond the reality (expectancy discrepancy) showed a nonlinear (reverse U-shape) influence on the additional effort while controlling for individual difference. Furthermore, the interaction effect between relational agency and expectancy discrepancy was significant. Specifically, individuals with low agency did not have a significant relationship between the degree of expectancy discrepancy and the dependent variable, but individuals with high relational agency had a significant non-linear relationship between the degree of expectancy discrepancy and the dependent variable. Based on the results of the study, the role and function of Koreans' psychological characteristics (relational agency) in the scene of managing needs-reality collision were discussed.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.1-23
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• 2010

This study is to evaluate member fisheries cooperatives' self-effort for managerial improvement qualitatively and quantitatively. The impaired member cooperatives' got grant from National Federations of Fisheries Cooperatives for managerial improvement for 2003~2004 with establishment of MOU. This MOU describes a self-effort of memebr cooperatives' required fulfillment items for managerial improvement. From the various level of analyses, we conclude that per capita total return or ROA has direct and positive effect on the improvement of net capital ratio or profit ratio. However, other MOU items like human resource management or an investment increment did not have a correlation with it. In addition, an aggregate financial indicator, such as ROA, seems to have a positive effect on the improvement of net capital ratio or profit ratio for the group of well restructured member cooperatives, but does not for the bad performance group. This is because the good performance has leads to the improvement of net capital ratio for the well-restructured member cooperatives since there is little chance to have additional weakness. From this study we can check the proper selection of MOU items should be based on the analysis of its effect on the managerial improvement.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.737-743
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• 2008

I compare my parameter estimation methodoloay with existing method, considering both of testing effort and fault detecting rate simultaneously in software reliability modeling. Generally speaking, fault detection/removal mechanism depends on how apply previous fault detection/removal and testing effort of S/W. The fault removal efficiency makes large influence to the reliability growth, testing and removal cost in developing stage S/W. This is very useful measure during all the developing stages and much helpful for the developer to estimate debugging efficiency, and furthermore, to anticipate additional working amount.