• KIEE International Transaction on Systems and Control
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• v.2D no.2
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• pp.59-64
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• 2002

About two thirds of patients admitted to hospitals world-wide suffer from acute abdomen pains of varying degrees of severity. Acute abdomen pain due to appendicitis or pancreatitis usually requires urgent surgical treatment, whereas pain due to heart ischemia or enteroviral infection requires only drug treatment. In general, making an immediate decision about whether or not acute abdomen pain requires urgent surgery is very difficult. This decision becomes even more difficult when the patient is a young child who can't properly describe the abdominal pain. In this case, thermo-visual inspection can alternatively be used to decide whether urgent surgical treatment is necessary to cure the abdominal pain.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.81 no.4
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• pp.794-805
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• 2020

Acute abdomen is a condition with sudden abdominal pain that may require immediate surgical treatment. The causes of acute abdomen in pediatric patients are diverse, and can be categorized in broad range from diseases requiring surgery to diseases requiring medication or clinical observation only. The role of the imaging study in children with acute abdomen is to distinguish between patients who need medication and patients who need surgery by identifying diseases that cause abdominal pain, if possible. Since intussusception and appendicitis are the leading causes of acute abdomen requiring surgical treatment in children, it is important to exclude intussusception in young infants complaining of acute abdominal pain and exclude acute appendicitis in older children with acute abdomen. In this paper, we introduce intussusception, acute appendicitis, midgut volvulus, Meckel's diverticulum and duplication cyst, which has characteristic imaging finding of the disease that can cause acute abdomen in pediatric patients.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.11 no.sup2
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• pp.11-18
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• 2008

We often have difficulties in the diagnosis of acute abdominal pain in children because they are unable to adequately express the characteristics of their pain. With a good understanding of the etiologies of abdominal pain associated with ages, we should create a diagnostic approach based on the location of the pain. First, we must differentiate the surgical abdomen from the non-surgical acute abdomen. Then, we have to identify whether the pain originating from intestinal obstruction, ulcerative diseases, or hepatobiliary dysfunction. It is important to interview and examine the patient serially until the patient completely improves. These attitudes will reduce the patient's pain caused by delayed diagnosis and unavoidable misdiagnosis. Finally, the new insight for the appropriate use of analgesics against acute abdominal pain in children is now needed by the pediatrician.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.106-119
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• 2022

Objectives: This case report aims to report the clinical effectiveness of the combination treatment of Korean medicine on acute pelvic pain followed by ruptured ovarian cyst. Methods: The patients who diagnosed with ruptured ovarian cyst complained of acute pelvic pain, lower abdominal pain, abdomen distention, constipation, lower back pain and dysuria. They received combination treatment of Korean medicine during hospitalization. The treatment included Chungpochukeo-tang, acupuncture, moxibustion, and pharmacoacupuncture. The effects were evaluated through Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Results: After the treatment, the clincial symptoms such as acute pelvic pain, lower abdominal pain, abdomen distention, constipation, lower back pain and dysuria were improved. Conclusions: This case report shows that the combination treatment of Korean medicine with Chungpochukeo-tang may be effective for treating acute pelvic pain by ruptured ovarian cyst.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.105-116
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• 2001

We examined and referred to some literatures on the meaning, Dai meridian and Meridian points of joining with circulation of Dai meridian through literatures of every generation. And then we came to get a few conclusions as follows. 1. Dai meridian starts below the hypochondriac region. Running obliquely downward, it runs transversely around the waist like a belt. Its function is to bind up all the meridians to circulate in a proper way. 2. The coalescent points of dai meridian are $D\grave{a}im\grave{a}i$(帶脈), $W\check{u}sh\bar{u}$(五樞) and $W\acute{e}id\grave{a}o$(維道). 3. Location of $D\grave{a}im\grave{a}i$(帶脈) is on the lateral side of the abdomen, 1.8 cun below $Zh\bar{a}ngm\grave{e}n$(章門), at the crossing point of vertical line through the free end of the 11th rib and a horizontal line through the umbilicus. Location of $W\check{u}sh\bar{u}$(五樞) is on the lateral side of the abdomen, anterior to the anterosuperior iliac spine, 3 cun below the level of the umbilicus. Location of $W\acute{e}id\grave{a}o$(維道) is on the lateral side of the abdomen, anterior and inferior to the anterosuperior iliac spine, 0.5 cun anterior and inferior to $W\check{u}sh\bar{u}$(五樞). 4. Indication of $D\grave{a}im\grave{a}i$(帶脈) is irregular menstruation, leukorrhea with reddish discharge, hernia, pain in the lumbar and hypochondriac region. Indication of $W\check{u}sh\bar{u}$(五樞) is prolapse of the uterus, leukorrhea with reddish discharge, irregular menstruation, hernia, pain in the lower abdomen, constipation and lumbosacral pain. Indication of $W\acute{e}id\grave{a}o$(維道) is edema, pain in the side of the lower abdomen, prolapse of the uterus, hernia and morbid leukorrhea. 5. The Dai meridian binds all meridians, produces pregnancy, grasps lumbar and abdomen region and controls leukorrhea. 6. Diseases of the Dai meridian manifested as distention and fullness in the lumbar region and abdomen, leukorrhea with reddish discharge, pain the navel, lumbar and spinal regions, flaccidity and hypoactivity of the lower limbs, etc.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.68-70
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• 1997

One case of primary omental torsion in a 10 year-old, 43 kg boy is presented. He presented with a history of acute, continuous pain in the upper abdomen, aggravated by changes of position. Physical examination of his abdomen showed board-like rigidity. tenderness and rebound tenderness over the entire abdomen. The preoperative diagnosis was perforated peptic ulcer. Exploratory laparatomy revealed torsion of the greater omentum. The torsed omentum was excised and the outcome was good. Omental torsion is a rare surgical condition and is difficult to diagnose prior to operation. Therefore, in case of negative exploration for acute abdomen, the omentum should be included among the organs examined. In addition, careful search for an inflammatory focus should be made, because secondary omental torsion with intraabdominal sepsis is much more common than primary torsion.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.223-231
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• 2014

Purpose: With previous methods based on only age and location, there are many difficulties in identifying the etiology of acute abdominal pain in children. We sought to develop a new systematic classification of acute abdominal pain and to give some helps to physicians encountering difficulties in diagnoses. Methods: From March 2005 to May 2010, clinical data were collected retrospectively from 442 children hospitalized due to acute abdominal pain with no apparent underlying disease. According to the final diagnoses, diseases that caused acute abdominal pain were classified into nine groups. Results: The nine groups were group I "catastrophic surgical abdomen" (7 patients, 1.6%), group II "acute appendicitis and mesenteric lymphadenitis" (56 patients, 12.7%), group III "intestinal obstruction" (57 patients, 12.9%), group IV "viral and bacterial acute gastroenteritis" (90 patients, 20.4%), group V "peptic ulcer and gastroduodenitis" (66 patients, 14.9%), group VI "hepatobiliary and pancreatic disease" (14 patients, 3.2%), group VII "febrile viral illness and extraintestinal infection" (69 patients, 15.6%), group VIII "functional gastrointestinal disorder (acute manifestation)" (20 patients, 4.5%), and group IX "unclassified acute abdominal pain" (63 patients, 14.3%). Four patients were enrolled in two disease groups each. Conclusion: Patients were distributed unevenly across the nine groups of acute abdominal pain. In particular, the "unclassified abdominal pain" only group was not uncommon. Considering a systemic classification for acute abdominal pain may be helpful in the diagnostic approach in children.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.296-304
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to demonstrate objective stability of postoperative pain management status managed by nurse-based, anesthesiologist-supervised Acute Pain Service (APS). Methods: A retrospective descriptive review was conducted with 5,748 patients who had used intravenous Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) from January to December 2017. Data were analyzed using descriptive statics, Frequency analysis, ANOVA, Cross tabulation with χ2test, and Correlation coefficient. Results: As the APS nurse's education date increased, the period of using PCA was statistically significantly longer, and the period of stopping PCA while using it became shorter (p<.001). Statistically significant, the most painful operations were extremities, spine, upper abdomen, and thorax, while the least painful surgery was lower abdomen (p<.001). Lower abdominal surgery used the highest amount of PCA (p<.001), and extremities and spinal surgery, the lowest amount of PCA and frequently stop using it (p<.001). The most common side effects were nausea and vomiting after surgery, with an incidence of 16.0% within 24 hours and 9.8% within 48 hours. The overall error caused by PCA was 1.5%, with 84.3% being caused by human errors. Conclusion: With the pain management effect of APS nurses, patients used PCA more effectively. There were also fewer side effects and error rates compared to prior studies. Therefore, it is suggested that this system is safe and effective for pain management.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.232-237
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• 2006

Abdominal cystic lymphangiomas arising from the mesentery, omentum and retroperitoneum are rare and occasionally confused with other cause of acute abdomen. Sixteen children who underwent surgery for abdominal cystic lymphangioma between 1984 and 2005 at the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center were evaluated retrospectively. There were 9 boys and 7 girls. Age ranged from 12 days to 13 years (mean age: 4.7years). The cysts were located in the omentum (4 cases),mesentery (9 cases: jejunum: 3, colon: 6). retroperitoneum (2 cases) and pelvic cavity (one case). The cyst content was hemorrhagic (8 cases), serous (5 cases), and inflammatory (2 cases), and chyle (one). Prenatal diagnosis was made in 3. The clinical features were variable, but abdominal pain, mass, and abdominal distention in order. There were 3 emergency operations in patients with complicated cyst, who were suspected of having panperitonitis and volvulus preoperatively. Complete excision was accomplished in all cases. There was one mortalityin a newborn with E.coli sepsis. Intestinal obstruction developed in 2 cases in long-term follow-up. No recurrence was observed. Although intraabdominal lymphangioma arising from mesentery, omentum and retroperitoneum are rare, it should be considered as a possible cause of acute abdomen.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.257-261
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• 2006

Appendicitis is a common disease in children. But left lower abdominal pain in acute appendicitis is a rare clinical feature. A 6 year-old-girl complained of left sided abdominal pain for 2 days. Past medical history was not contributory. Abdominal tenderness and guarding in left lower quadrant were noticed. Abdominal sonography and abdominal computed tomography scan demonstrated reversed position between superior mesenteric artery and vein, and a mass in the left lower quadrant abdomen suggesting appendicitis. Acute appendicitis in left lower quadrant, associated with intestinal malrotation, was found at laparatomy.