• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.141-156
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• 2004

Objectives : JianTeng-Yuan(交藤圓) is said to be a prescription for preservation of health in ${\ulcorner}$HuaTuo ZhongZangJing(華陀 中藏經)${\lrcorner}$. It is known to have the effect of Bu-Shen(補腎: strengthening kidney) and Yi-Shou(益壽: prolonging the span of one's life). This study investigates whether JTY is effective on inhibition of oxidation stress. Methods : Sprague-Dawley Rats(12-week-old, weight $300{\pm}20g$) were divided into 3 groups. Normal group(n=8) was injected PBS(1ml/body, s.c) at the back neck's skin. Control group(n=8) was injected D-galactose(50mg/kg, 1ml PBS/body, s.c) to induce pathological animals. JTY group was injected the same treatment for the Control group, and fed containing JTY(10%). The whole groups were treated 1 time per day for 6 weeks. After rats were sacrificed and anti-oxidant enzyme(SOD, CAT, G-px) activity, GSH quantity of RBC and tissue(heart, liver and kidney), plasma Vit-C quantity were examined. Besides, the MDA levels of liver and kidney, lipofuscin of heart and endurance of erythrocyte membrane were measured. Results : In the JTY group, RBC's SOD activity decline was halted by 21% of the normal level, compared to the control group ; G-px activity(unit/g of Hb) increased significantly, compared to the normal group ; and the level of Vit-C in plasma increased by 16%. Heart's SOD activity was kept at the same level as that of the normal group ; and CAT activity decline was halted by 26%. Kidney's CAT and G-px activities were kept at the same level as that shown in the normal group, implying the existence of halting effect. Liver also showed a slight halting effect against the decline of anti-oxidant ability, but the effect was not significant(a=0.05). A comparison between the levels of peroxide in SD rats showed that the level of TBARS in plasma increased significantly in the control group and that it was normal in the JTY group. The livers in the JTY group, compared to those in the control group, showed 36% halting effect of the normal level while their kidney's indicated the level significantly lower than the normal level. Heart's lipofuscin increased significantly in the control group, but was alike in both the JTY and the normal groups. Endurance of erythrocyte membrane(%) decreased significantly in the control group while it was kept at the similar level in both the JTY and the normal groups, indicating the halting effect. Conclusions : This study suggests that JTY is effective to defend oxidation stress caused by D-galactose in the animals. It showed that the anti-oxidant ability was maintained and strengthened. On the other hand, it reduced the level of peroxide in animals. In sum, JTY appeared to have the equilibrium normal physiological function in SD rat.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권11호
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• pp.1792-1798
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• 2013

본 연구는 항산화능이 우수한 참죽을 분말을 첨가(0, 5, 10, 15, 20%)한 매작과를 제조하여 매작과의 항산화 활성을 입증하고 품질 특성을 측정하였다. 참죽 분말의 총 페놀 화합물 함량은 $16.31{\pm}0.93$ mg GAE/g이며, 이를 매작과에 첨가한 경우 시료의 첨가량에 비례하여 증가하였다. 제조된 매작과의 DPPH radical 소거능을 측정한 결과 참죽 분말의 첨가량에 따라 항산화 활성도 유의적으로 증가하는 결과를 나타내었다. 항산화 활성의 기능성과 함께 제품의 적합성 판단을 위해 참죽 분말 첨가 매작과의 품질평가를 실시하였다. 반죽의 밀도는 참죽 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 높게 나타났고 pH는 감소하였다. 매작과의 수분함량과 부피는 매작과의 첨가량에 따라 증가하였으며 매작과의 색도는 참죽 분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 L값과 b값이 낮아지고 a값이 높아졌으며, 경도는 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 매작과의 기호도 검사(전반적인 기호도, 향, 맛, 바삭함, 색)에서는 10% 참죽 매작과가 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과로 보아 참죽을 분말로 가공하여 저장성을 높이고, 매작과에 참죽분말을 첨가하는 것은 매작과의 기호도를 증가시켜 주고 동시에 총 페놀 함량과 DPPH 라디칼 소거능을 높여주어 매작과의 가치를 높일 수 있어 바람직할 것으로 사료된다. 참죽분말을 첨가하여 매작과를 제조할 경우, 참죽 분말의 첨가량은 10%가 매작과의 관능적인 품질을 증진시킬 수 있는 가장 최적 조건으로 생각되며, 참죽 재배지에서 새로운 향토 특산품으로서 개발 가능성이 높을 것으로 사료된다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.402-408
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• 2007

최근 식품 및 천연 물질로부터 항산화 작용이 있는 생리 활성 물질을 찾고자 하는 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라를 비롯하여 동양권에서 전통적으로 자양강장을 목적으로 많이 사용해온 인삼을 압출 성형 기술에 의해 가공한 후 80% 에탄올로 추출하고 감압 농축한 에탄올엑기스와 이를 에테르를 이용하여 지방 성분을 제거한 후 수포화 부탄올 처리한 부탄올 분획과 물 분획을 얻었다. 인삼과 압출 성형 인삼의 부탄올 층을 각각 고속 액체 크로마토그라피에 의해 인삼 사포닌 함량을 측정하였다. 실험 결과 압출성형 인삼이 대조 인삼에 비해 ginsenoside Rg1의 경우 약 2.2배, Re의 경우 약 2.3배, Rc의 경우 약 1.2배, Rb2의 경우 약 1.3배, Rd의 경우 약 2.2배의 사포닌 함량이 증가하는 결과를 보였다. 또한, ORAC 방법에 의한 항산화 활성 실험 결과, 압출 성형 인삼의 경우 인삼 중의 여러 유효 성분이 많이 함유되어 있는 80% 에탄올 추출분 획과 일반적으로 사포닌 성분을 많이 함유한 부탄올 분획은 물론이고, 사포닌 함량이 거의 없는 수층 분획 모두에서 대조 인삼의 분획들에 비해 유의성 있는 증가 (0.05

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.15-19
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• 2004

The expression of a chimeric transgene (nos-npt II) has been examined in 9 years old transgenic poplars (Populus koreana x P. nigra) growing in a nursery. The expression of the gene in twenty six independentely transformed plants were examined by 1) enzyme (NPT II) assay, 2) RT-PCR, and 3) resistance to kanamycin. High NPT II activities in young leaves of all the transformed plants were found even without a selection pressure for antibiotics for 9 years. However, the activity varied with the positions of leaves in the stem in that young leaves showed higher activity than did mature tissues. When leaf segments were cultured in the presence of 150 mg/l kanamycin, only those from young leaves produced vigorously growing callus. However, as in the case of NPTII assay, the leaf segments from mature leaves did not form callus well on the media. RT-PCR with nptII specific primers also showed that amplification products were observed only when RNAs from young tissues were used. The total RNA gel showed that while RNA in young leaves are relatively stable and in a large quantity, those in old leaves were mostly degraded. All the above results suggest that the gene is transcriptionally active only in young tissue even though it is attached to a constituitive promoter. Therefore, the expression of foreign gene in poplar plants seemed to be affected by the metabolic state of the cells and thus vary greatly with the developmental stages and the age of tissue.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.465-470
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• 2004

Optimal conditions for the in situ immobilization of lipase in aldehyde-silica packed columns, via reductive amination, were investigated. A reactant mixture, containing lipase and sodium borohydride (NaCBH), was recirculated through an aldehyde-silica packed column, such that the covalent bonding of the lipase, via amination between the amine group of the enzyme and the aldehyde terminal of the silica, and the reduction of the resulting imine group by NaCBH, could occur inside the bed, in situ. Mobile phase conditions in the ranges of pH $7.0{\~}7.8$, temperatures between $22{\~}28^{circ}C$ and flow rates from $0.8{\~}1.5\;BV/min$ were found to be optimal for the in situ immobilization, which routinely resulted in an immobilization of more than 70 mg­lipase/g-silica. Also, the optimal ratio and concentration for feed reactants in the in situ immobilization: mass ratio [NaCBH]/[lipase] of 0.3, at NaCBH and lipase concentrations of 0.75 and 2.5 g/L, respectively, were found to display the best immobilization characteristics for concentrations of up to 80 mg-lipase/g-silica, which was more than a 2-fold increase in immobilization compared to that obtained by batch immobilization. For tributyrin hydrolysis, the in situ immobilized lipase displayed lower activity per unit mass of enzyme than the batch-immobilized or free lipase, while allowing more than a $45\%$ increase in lipase activity per unit mass of silica compared to batch immobilization, because the quantity of the immobilization on silica was aug­mented by the in situ immobilization methodology used in this study.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2004

This study aims to examine constraints on visits to urban community parks and to find ways to elevate the efficient use of parks. To achieve this, the study relied on empirical study method and the descriptive method; additionally, present condition survey was performed with a user interview, on the assumption that a park visit is a form of leisure. As a result, the item of 'insufficient lighting facilities' shows the highest mean and the item of 'low quality of park' follows Previous research also revealed that the item of 'the lack of lighting facilities' is a major factor on user dissatisfaction, so a design and management program for night time users are fully researched and elaborately accomplished. Also, the high response of 'low quality of park' shows that the park supply policy in Korea focusses mainly on quantity so far, and it shows that user's dissatisfaction for park facilities becomes one of the major constraints of park visit. The factor analysis, on the object of 35 items except 2 items, appeared 5 factors: accessibility, inner discord, companion, family matters, park-itself-matters. Oneway Anova test showed that 4 factors except 'park-itself-matters' have reliable difference in constraint cognition by age and education. The visit constraint of 'park-itself-matters' did not appear different by any personal characteristics. Without regard to personal characteristics, it is regarded that this factor has the greatest effect upon park visits. In general, people who are disadvantaged strongly cognize constraints even in leisure such as a park visit, which is a simple and inexpensive leisure activity. Therefore, a park like a pocket park, which is small but located in a neighborhood, is more needed than a central park like a symbolic and huge park in every new city. Careful concern for night activity should be accomplished in the planning process.

• BMB Reports
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.221-226
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• 1998

Phosphorylation of phytochrome may play important functional roles to control plant photomorphogenesis. Many attempts have failed to identify the protein kinase that phosphorylates phytochrome in vivo. It has been reported that a polycation-stimulated protein kinase activity was associated with the purified phytochrome. However, it is not known if the kinase activity is an intrinsic property of phytochrome or whether it comes from a contaminant of the purified phytochrome. In the present study, three protein kinases that phosphorylate phytochrome have been identified from etiolated oat seedlings. A polycationstimulated protein kinase that had very similar enzymatic properties with that associated with the purified phytochrome was identified in the cytosolic extract. It phosphorylated several contaminant proteins in the kinase preparation as well as phytochrome and had a broad substrate specificity. A CK II-type protein kinase phosphorylated phytochrome and the exogenously added casein. It is likely that this kinase may not be a feasible candidate for the kinase phosphorylating phytochrome in vivo since the content of the kinase seemed to well exceed the content of phytochrome in the etiolated oat seedlings. Another protein kinase that had unique enzymatic properties phosphorylated phytochrome very specifically and seemed to be present in a small quantity in the etiohlted seedlings. It is expected that one of three kinases may be responsible for the phytochrome phosphorylation in vivo.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.415-422
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• 2009

In this study, several factors were analyzed in an effort to determine the effects of transglutaminase (TGase) treatment on sodium caseinate (NaCN), ${\alpha}--lactalbumin$ (${\alpha}-La$), and ${\beta}-lactoglobulin$ (${\beta}-Lg$) polymerization reactions. The results of SDSPAGE showed that NaCN was slightly hydrolyzed to molecular weights of 50-400 kDa according to activation time. ${\alpha}-La$ formed high-molecular polymers of 30-300 kDa, whereas ${\beta}-Lg$ remained almost completely unhydrolyzed. Melting temperatures of NaCN, ${\alpha}-La$ with and without TGase were all in the range of $100{\pm}10^{\circ}C$ under the endothermic curve, and the melting temperature of ${\beta}-Lg$ with TGase was lower than that with TGase. When the proteins were incubated for 3 h with TGase, the micrographic structures showed a small quantity of sediment and broad layers. The final ${\alpha}-La$ residues remained at a level of 21.38%, and the TGase-treated ${\alpha}-La$ was confirmed to have undergone a profound loss of mass, to 18.25%. The DPPH-radical scavenging activity of NaCN and ${\beta}-Lg$ with TGase treatment was higher than that observed in the untreated sample, while those of ${\alpha}-La$ increased with concentration.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.115-120
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• 2017

Background: The study aimed to obtain data on the effects of cultivation and soil reduction of green manure crop on the quantity and quality of organically cultivated Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley. Methods and Results: The experiment comprised four treatments: control, hairy vetch, barley, and hairy vetch + barley (3 : 2). The plant height in the hairy vetch treatment (86.3 cm) was significantly different from that in the other treatments, whereas the stem diameter leaf area, and special product analysis division (SPAD) value did not differ across the treatments. The largest soil reduction of green manure crop was recorded in the barley treatment (440 kg/10 a), whereas the smallest was recorded in the single treatment with hairy vetch (80 kg/10 a). The hairy vetch + barley (60 : 40) treatment showed 63% more soil microorganisms than control. Radical scavenging activity estimation revealed that the total polyphenol content was highest (1,740 mg/kg), and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was 92.6% in the barley treatment. The 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) activation was highest in the control (51.1%), and the root yield was the highest in the barley treatment (310 kg/10 a). Conclusions: The root yield, total polyphenol content, and antioxidant activity of Cynanchum wilfordii (Maxim.) Hemsley increased in presence of the green manure crop barley.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2016

Background: As the decomposition of lignocellulosic compounds is a rate-limiting stage in the nutrient mineralization from organic matters, elucidation of the changes in soil enzyme activity can provide insight into the nutrient dynamics and ecosystem functioning. The current study aimed to assess the effect of thinning intensities on soil conditions. Un-thinned control, 20 % thinning, and 30 % thinning treatments were applied to a Larix kaempferi forest, and total carbon and nitrogen, total carbon to total nitrogen ratio, extractable nutrients (inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium), and enzyme activities (acid phosphatase, ${\beta}$-glucosidase, ${\beta}$-xylosidase, ${\beta}$-glucosaminidase) were investigated. Results: Total carbon and nitrogen concentrations were significantly increased in the 30 % thinning treatment, whereas both the 20 and 30 % thinning treatments did not change total carbon to total nitrogen ratio. Inorganic nitrogen and extractable calcium and magnesium concentrations were significantly increased in the 20 % thinning treatment; however, no significant changes were found for extractable phosphorus and potassium concentrations either in the 20 or the 30 % thinning treatment. However, the applied thinning intensities had no significant influences on acid phosphatase, ${\beta}$-glucosidase, ${\beta}$-xylosidase, and ${\beta}$-glucosaminidase activities. Conclusions: These results indicated that thinning can elevate soil organic matter quantity and nutrient availability, and different thinning intensities may affect extractable soil nutrients inconsistently. The results also demonstrated that such inconsistent patterns in extractable nutrient concentrations after thinning might not be fully explained by the shifts in the enzyme-mediated nutrient mineralization.