• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.550-560
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• 2013

In this study, the variations of geoid measured by GRACE satellite are investigated in the 20 volcanic areas erupted since 2005, and it is recognized that a detailed geological study is necessary in using geoid data for a research of the magmatic activities under the volcano. Therefore, the relationship between the regional geoid variation obtained by GRACE satellite and the change of magma activity, is studied in Japan's Shinmoedake volcano in the Kirishima volcanic complex whose eruption in 2011 was studied in detail geologically. Throughout this study the increase of geoid from 2002 in the Shinmoedake volcanic area is confirmed to be caused by the increase of gravity under the volcano, which is well matched with geological interpretation of the continuous intrusion of basaltic magma into magma chamber during several years before the 2011 eruption. The result indicates that information of the geoid variation measured by GRACE satellite is useful for monitoring the possibility of volcanic eruption although there is a need to more study to be able to confirm the possibility.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.98-102
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• 2005

The MeOH extracts obtained from whole plant of Trigonotis peduncularis Benth. were solvent fractionated using EtOAc, n-BuOH and water, successively. The EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions gave four flavonol glycosides through application of silica gel and octadecyl silica gel (ODS) column chromatographies. The chemical structures of the flavonol glycosides were determined by the interpretation of several spectral data including 2D-NMR as $kaempferol-3-O-{\beta}-{D}-glucopyranoside\;(astragalin,\;1),\;kaempferol-3-O-{\alpha}-{L}-rhamnopyranosyl\;(1{\rightarrow}6)-{\beta}-{D}-glucopyranoside\;(nicotiflorin,\;2),\;quercetin-3-O-{\alpha}-{L}-rhamnopyranosyl(1{\rightarrow}6)-{\beta}-{D}-glucopyranoside\;(rutin,\;3),\;quercetin-3-O-{\beta}-{D}-glucopyranoside\;(isoquercitrin,\;4)$. The flavonoids have been first isolated from this plant. Nicotiflorin $(100\;{\mu}g/ml)$ showed $68.3{\pm}1.2%$ of the inhibitory effect on hACAT1(human Acyl CoA: cholesterol transferase 1) activity.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.91-100
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• 2002

Unlike a study related in language alone, rhetorical study of current time, composed with multi-culture, medias, communication, presents its own field that covers from the form of discourse(persuasive) to another form of discourse(not persuasive). If there was a study of making beautiful sentences for story and finding simple method of speech in Greek and roman period of an ancient time, it now a study in which one finds the essence of literary style or terminology in the expression of sentence. The taller case is especially important, given that the importance of what to express visually is on-going active procedure of this stuffy as itself an activity of communication. When a visual object persuades viewers, the activity of communication derives them to react and to understand the intention of an artist. The matter of how to speak is the matter of how to shape message persuasively. This persuasive method or technique is study of rhetoric. The three aspects (figurative, accentuating, mutating) of rhetorical expression of an illustration, the visual image can give fresh feelings to be in intimate relations with public. These rhetorical expressions also vitalize the story that is expressed on illustration with crisp image. It helps to attain expected effects while discovering essential meaning through the corresponding linguistic interpretation of an image. The study aims at the most effective way to communicate by figuring the most strong and direct illustrative message out. One of the method is to patternize illustrative expressions that are established from all kinds of shapes of Rhetoric. Therefore ,an operation of significance and an implication can shape an ultimate goal of this study from acknowledging the mechanism that modern illustration embraces.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.25-34
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• 1999

The effects of copper on the anaerobic degradation of propionate were studied using anaerobic batch reactors. The apparent inhibitory effects of copper on the anaerobic degradation of propionate could be observed from behaviors of intermediates, ultimate methane yield(UMY) and specific methanogenic activity(SMA) There was little inhibition at the concentration of $2.5mg\;Cu^{2+}/L$. Beyond this concentration, the inhibitory effects increased with increasing dose of coppers. The 50% inhibition of UMY and SMA occurred at copper dosage of 33.8 and $24.1mg\;Cu^{2+}/gVSS$, respectively. The inhibitory effect based on the UMY was gradually reduced with the operation time dueprobably to the acclimation of microorganisms and/or binding of the added copper by ligands(and possibly ion exchange sites)contained on the cell membrane and extracellular polymer matrix whereas it based on the SMA might exclude the this phenomena. Therefore, the methodology for interpretation of inhibition data based on the SMA was more accurated than the UMY. There was no inhibitory effect in batch reactors supplemented with sulfate due to an antagonistic action of the sulfate reducing bacteria. Propionate degradation was initially retarded for copper inhibited samples but it gradually degraded afterward. Based on the mass removal considering take into account the propionate to acetate conversion, propionate degradation may appeal more affected than acetate. This result revealed that the hydrogenotrophic methanogens were the most affected by copper.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 1997

About one-third of radiologically indeterminate solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN) are eventually turned out to be malignant. It is very important to noninvasively determine whether the SPN is malignant or not for the decision of its way of management. PET imaging is highlighted by its unique ability of imaging the function and metabolism of cells. Glucose metabolism is increased in malignant transformed cells. We peformed FDG-PET studies in patients who had radiologically indeterminate SPN and compared the findings with histologic diagnoses to assess the diagnostic accuracy in the detection of malignancy and to decide which parameter is the most suitable for clinical practice among peak SUV (pSUV), average SUV (aSUV), 50/10 ratio, and time-activity curve (TAC), Thirty patients were included in this study and the most useful parameter was pSUV. The sensitivity and specificity in the detection of malignant SPN using 3.5 as a cut off pSUV were both 87%. Interestingly, all 2 false-negative cases were bronch-ioloalveolar carcinoma on histologic examination. If these cases, which could be strongly suspected by CT findings, were excluded, the sensitivity of pSUV was 100%. In conclusion, PET imaging is very helpful for determining malignancy in indeterminate SPN and pSUV is a conveniently measurable parameter which is valuable for interpretation.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.791-798
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• 2005

The hepatoprotective activity of flavonol glycosides rich fraction (F-2), prepared from 70% alcohol extract of the aerial parts of V calcarata Desf., was evaluated in a rat model with a liver injury induced by daily oral administration of $CCl_4$ (100 mg/kg, b.w) for four weeks. Treatment of the animals with F-2 using a dose of (25 mg/kg, b.w) during the induction of hepatic damage by $CCl_4$ significantly reduced the indices of liver injuries. The hepatoprotective effects of F-2 significantly reduced the elevated levels of the following serum enzymes: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The antioxidant activity of F-2 markedly ameliorated the antioxidant parameters including glutathione (GSH) content, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), plasma catalase (CAT) and packed erythrocytes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) to be comparable with normal control levels. In addition, it normalized liver malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and creatinine concentration. Chromatographic purification of F-2 resulted in the isolation of two flavonol glycosides that rarely occur in the plant kingdom, identified as quercetin-3,5-di-O-$\beta$-D-diglucoside (5) and kaempferol-3,5-di-O-$\beta$-D-diglucoside (4) in addition to the three known compounds identified as quercetin-3-O-$\alpha$-L-rhamnosyl- (${\rightarrow}6$)-$\beta$-D-glucoside [rutin, 3], quercetin-3-O-$\beta$-D-glucoside [isoquercitrin, 2] and kaempferol-3-O-$\beta$-D-glucoside [astragalin, 1]. These compounds were identified based on interpretation of their physical, chemical, and spectral data. Moreover, the spectrophotometric estimation of the flavonoids content revealed that the aerial parts of the plant contain an appreciable amount of flavonoids (0.89%) calculated as rutin. The data obtained from this study revealed that the flavonol glycosides of F-2 protect the rat liver from hepatic damage induced by $CCl_4$ through inhibition of lipid peroxidation caused by $CCl_4$ reactive free radicals.

• Journal of Oriental Physiology
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• v.14 no.2 s.20
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• pp.157-178
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• 1999

In terms of the bolt-leaf-hanges in Three-yum and Three yang I referd to successive medical books and many recent literatures on the basis of Huangjenegeong Somun Treatise on the Darting and meeting of Yin and yang, thus considerd concept of successive commentators about the bolt-leaf-hanges in Three-yum and Three yang and reconstructed and systeamtically arranged the bolt-leaf-hanges's interrelationship, yum-yang's relation and movement of six chnnel, and then studied there trinciple in all the universe apply the body and the process is operated by the bolt-leaf-hanges in the trinciples followed in human make his life adaption environment. The process is operated by the bolt-leaf-hanges in Three-yum and Three yang. The trinciples followed in. Firstly, Three-yum and Three yang is not dirrerentiate by many, middle, little of yum-yanggi's different function & role. Secondly, Three-yum and Three yang is negatively related white showing that there is the bolt-leaf-hanges relationship through space of Three-yum and Three yang. Through internal relationship of Three yum channel & Three yang channel, it can be proven that Three-yum and Three yang is in negative relation and through achieving the bolt-leaf-hanges relation in dimensional concept, it can be proven that it can actually be applied to human. Thirdly, by showing Three-yum and Three yang's the bolt-leaf-hanges relation is relation between Three yum & Three yang as well as negative relation, it can be shown that Three-yum and Three yang's the bolt-leaf-hanges activity is circular, and that it maintains itself through appropriate transformation. Fourth, understanding of Three-yum and Three yang's the bolt-leaf-hanges relationship and yum-yang Concern & six channer's activity has been varied. It means that the understanding is affected by socity, philosophical & research culture of the various times. The purpose has been to systematically arrange and diagnosing Three-yum and Three yang's the bolt-leaf-hanges and thus make up a fundamental for recognition. But, further study should be carried out on medical explanation on the bolt-leaf-hanges and interpretation and operation of the bolt-leaf-hanges in O-UnYukKiron.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.525-542
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to comparatively analyze the internal and external frameworks of elementary science textbooks, which first appeared as the authorization system of elementary science textbooks changed from the national government system. In order to confirm the purpose of the authorization system to support the development of diverse and creative textbooks, this study compared 7 authorized textbooks with the national textbook developed as the 'Use of Magnets' unit of the 2015 revised science curriculum. In this study, the textbook's framework was largely divided into an external framework and an internal framework for the 'Use of Magnets' unit of elementary science textbooks, and quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted in parallel according to each subcategory. According to the research results, in the external framework of textbook units, all textbooks had the same structure: unit introduction, scientific inquiry, creative convergence, unit arrangement, and scientific reading materials. The framework in the 'Use of Magnets' unit of the 7 types of authorized textbooks was found to have some differences according to the textbook development team's interpretation of the curriculum achievement standards and many commonalities that maintained the framework in the national textbooks. In addition, the characteristics of each textbook were clearly revealed in some areas not specified in curriculum such as unit introduction activities and science reading materials, a meaningful change was also found in that the level of inquiry activity was classified and operated in response to the uniform inquiry activity operation of the existing government textbooks.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.467-482
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• 2022

The Yeonghae basin is located at the northeastern part of the Yangsan fault (YSF; a potentially active fault). The study of the architecture of the Yeonghae basin is important to understand the activity of the Yangsan fault system (YSFS) as well as the basin formation mechanism and the activity of the YSFS. For this study, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was used to highlight the marginal faults, and structural fieldwork was performed to understand the geometry of the intra-basinal structures and the nature of the bounding faults. DEM analysis reveals that the eastern margin is bounded by the northern extension of the YSF whereas the western margin is bounded by two curvilinear sub-parallel faults; Baekseokri fault (BSF) and Gakri fault (GF). The field data indicate that the YSF is striking in the N-S direction, steeply dipping to the east, and experienced both sinistral and dextral strike-slip movements. Both the BSF and GF are characterized dominantly by an oblique right-lateral strike-slip movement. The stress indicators show that the maximum horizontal compressional stress was in NNE to NE and NNW-SSE, which is consistent with right-lateral and left-lateral movements of the YSFS, respectively. The plotted structural data show that the NE-SW is the predominant direction of the structural elements. This indicates that the basin and marginal faults are mainly controlled by the right-lateral strike-slip movements of the YSFS. Based on the structural architecture of the Yeonghae basin, the study area represents a contractional zone rather than an extensional zone in the present time. We proposed two models to explain the opening and developing mechanism of the Yeonghae basin. The first model is that the basin developed as an extensional pull-apart basin during the left-lateral movement of the YSF, which has been reactivated by tectonic inversion. In the second model, the basin was developed as an extensional zone at a dilational quadrant of an old tip zone of the northern segment of the YSF during the right-lateral movement stage. Later on, the basin has undergone a shortening stage due to the closing of the East Sea. The second model is supported by the major trend of the collected structural data, indicating predominant right-lateral movement. This study enables us to classify the Yeonghae basin as an inverted strike-slip basin. Moreover, two opposite strike-slip movement senses along the eastern marginal fault indicate multiple deformation stages along the Yangsan fault system developed along the eastern margin of the Korean peninsula.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.626-639
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• 2008

To present the suggestions for improvement in science textbooks of high school, scientific inquiry activities in geology of earth science textbooks of Korea and the U.S. were assessed in the areas of the contents, processes and contexts. Regarding the contents of inquiry activities, Korean textbooks contain more number of inquiry activities (5.8 per section) than the U.S. curriculums (4 per section). Inquiry activities of Korean textbooks mostly fall on the interpretation of diagrams and graphs whereas those of the U.S. textbooks more hands-on experiment, data transformation and self designing. As for the number of inquiry process skills per inquiry activity, Korean curriculums contain an average of 1.8 whereas the American ones 3. It suggests that the U.S. textbooks require more integrated process skills than the Korean earth science curriculums. In the process skills of all textbooks studied, the highest frequent elements were inferring and data interpretation; the percentage of these two elements was an average of 73.3% in Korean textbooks and 46.2% in the U.S. This suggests that the Korean textbooks emphasize the process skill on particular area, and uneven distribution of elements of process skills may hinder the development of integration ability of students. particularly in the integrated process skills, the U.S. textbooks presented all 7 elements, while Korean ones presented only 2 to 4 elements, indicating that the Korean textbooks may have weak points in providing various inquiry activities for students compared to the American textbooks. In inquiry context analysis, Korean curriculums provide simplistic inquiry contexts and low applicability to real life whereas the U.S. curriculums provide more integrated inquiry contexts and high applicability to real life.