• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.145-148
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• 2014

There was a research on the prolongation of solar cycle 23 by the solar cyclic variation of solar, interplanetary geomagnetic parameters by Oh & Kim (2013). They also suggested that the sunspot number cannot typically explain the variation of total solar irradiance any more. Instead of the sunspot number, a new index is introduced to explain the degree of solar activity. We have analyzed the frequency of sunspot appearance, the length of solar cycle, and the rise time to a solar maximum as the characteristics of solar cycle. Then, we have examined the predictability of solar activity by the characteristics of preceding solar cycle. We have also investigated the hemispheric variation of flare index for the periods that the leading sunspot has the same magnetic polarity. As a result, it was found that there was a good correlation between the length of preceding solar cycle and spotless days. When the length of preceding solar cycle gets longer, the spotless days increase. It is also shown that the shorter rise time to a solar maximum is highly correlated with the increase of sunspots at a solar maximum. Therefore, the appearance frequency of spotless days and the length of solar cycle are more significant than the general sunspot number as an index of declining solar activity. Additionally, the activity of flares leads in the northern hemisphere and is stronger in the hemisphere with leading sunspots in positive polarity than in the hemisphere with leading sunspots in negative polarity. This result suggests that it is necessary to analyze the magnetic polarity's effect on the flares and to interpret the period from the solar maximum to solar maximum as the definition of solar cycle.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.151-179
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of total knee replacement to arthritis patients in pain intensity and functional impairment. For this study, over 50-year-old 30 patients who had osteoarthritis and 69 patients who got total knee replacement at the one of the departments of orthopedics in Daegu were interviewed from June, 2002 to March, 2003. The results of this study were as follows : First, pain intensity was decreased to experimental group after operation than control group(P<.01) And the presence of crepitation was also decreased to them(P<.05). On the other hand there's no significant difference was noted in the presence of stiffness, degree of flexion contracture and extension contracture between two groups. Second, over 91 days group after operation and visitor's group of physiotherapy unit were better than others in Level of knee function(P<.01). Third, over 91 days group after operation and visitor's group of physiotherapy unit were higher than others in Barthel Index of knee function(P<.01). Forth, over 91 days group after operation and visitor's group of physiotherapy unit were higher than others in Level of IADL(P<.05). Fifth, over 91 days group after operation and visitor‘s group of physiotherapy unit were higher than others in Katz Index of knee function(P<.01). Sixth, although Old Ages' Activity Index seemed to get better as time goes by, there's no statistical difference. Seventh, over 91 days group after operation and visitor's group of physiotherapy unit were higher than admission group and under 30 days group after operation in Social Activity Index(P<.05). Eighth, the function of the knee was connected with the abilities in the activity of the old and the social skill. The Barthel index was connected with the function of the knee joint and the activities of the old and Katz index. IADL function was connected with the activities of the old and the social activity. The Katz index was connected with the Barthel index. The activity of the old was connected with the Barthel index, the functional score of the knee joint andthe IADL score. The ability of social skill was connected with the activity of the old, IADL score and the function of the knee.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.497-509
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine frequency of job performance, level of urgency, index of importance experienced by 138 new nurses who were working at 6 hospitals that had over 400 bed in Incheon and Bucheon. The data were analyzed using a SPSS program for descriptive statistics [numbers of job performance, level of urgency, index of importance(job performance+1/4 level of urgency)]. Some of the most frequent job performance were application of aseptic technique, application of principle of infection control, and medication (IV, PO, IM, supply fluid and electrolyte). Some of the most uncommon job performance were activity as a lecturer in nursing department, activity of arrangement of community resources, and participation in multidisciplinary conference. Some of the highest level of urgency were use of aseptic technique, CPR, application of principle of infection control, defibrillation for dysrhythmia, blood transfusion, observation of patient's status in procedure (operation), v/s check, intervention for improvement of respiratory function and medication of antihypertensives. Some of the lowest level of urgency were activity as a lecturer in nursing department, preceptor's activity, supervisor and delegation of job to nurse aids, attendance at nursing conference, activity of arrangement of community resources, participation in clinical teaching practice, participation in multidisciplinary conference, and delegation of patient care. Those were indirect patient care. The order was physiologic integration(60.99%), safety and effective nursing environment, psychosocial care, and health maintenance and improvement. The most importance item in maintenance of physiologic integration was medication. Some of the highest index of importance were aseptic technique and application of principle of infection control, v/s check, observation of patient's status in operation and medication. Some of the lowest index of importance were activity as a lecturer in nursing department, preceptor's activity, activity of arrangement of community resources, participation in multidisciplinary conference, nursing conference, participation in clinical teaching, and delegation of job to nurse aids.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 1999

The purpose of study was to test the hypothesis that preschool children who experienced nursing caries have high dft index and caries activity in primary dentition. One thousand and seventy-five preschool children from 4 to 6 years old were examined for their caries experience and salivary invertase activity by Resazurin Disc Test. Nursing caries group was identified by the criteria of having more decayed and filled teeth among the upper incisors than among the upper molars. The prevalence of nursing caries was 15.8%. The dft index of nursing caries group was significantly higher than that of the other groups except the rampant caries group(P<0.01). The Resazurin Disc Test score of nursing caries group was significantly higher than that of the other groups(P<0.01) and there was no difference between nursing caries group and rampant caries group. Therefore, it is recommended that children who experienced nursing caries should be incorporated in the caries prevention program through the primary and mixed dentition.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.336-341
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of carcass grade on the hardness, myofibrillar fragmentations index, protein extractability and Mg-ATPase activity of myofibril and actomyosin obtained from 1, 2, 3 and D carcass grade)subgrade) in Korean native cow. Proximate component, hardness, chewiness, myofibril fragmentation index, protein extractability and Mg-ATPase activity if myofibril or actomyosin were not significantly different between 1st and 2nd carcass grade loin. The hardness and chewiness of 2nd carcass grade loin's were significantly lower than 3th grade loin's, but the myofibril fragmentation index, sarcoplasmic protein extractability and Mg-ATPase activity of myofibril were higher. The myofibrillar protein extractability and Mg-ATPase activity of actomyosin obtained from 3th carcase grade loin's were significantly higher than D grade loin's, but the hardness, chewiness and stroma protein extractability were lower. In conclusion, the degree of toughness in Korean native cow's loin was not significantly different between 1st and 2nd grade, but 3rd and D carcass grade were significantly higher, regardless of before and after aging.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.122-130
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• 2013

Objectives This study investigated the relationship between exercise and health factors including vaso-aging degree, stress index, stress resistance, fatigue and activity of autonomic nerve system etc. Methods The subjects were 20,509 persons who had received health examination by Korean Medicine and submitted questionnaires about exercise history, for 8 months from March to November in 2011. The vaso-aging degree were measured by APG (Accelerated Photoplethysmograph). The stress index and resistance, fatigue and activity of autonomic nerve system were measured by HRV (Heart Rate Variability). We analyzed the relationship between exercise and various variables by chi-square test with SPSS ver. 19.0. Results Regarding the relationship between exercise and vaso-aging degree, stress index, stress resistance, fatigue and activity of autonomic nerve system, there were significant differences(p<0.05). Conculsions This study suggests that vaso-aging degree, stress index, stress resistance, fatigue and activity of autonomic nerve system are affected by exercise.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.95-109
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• 1995

All human spatial behavior and psychological stress are affected by the 'Privacy'of each space. This Paper deals with the theoretical review of 'privacy'concept and establishment of 'Privacy Model' that can be a useful design tool. 'Privacy Index(Pl)' model of 10 point scale, which is based on 'Hierarchic system of Privacy' in urban spaces by Chermeyeff and Alexander(1963), was established as a hypothetical model in this study. And'Activity Suitability', based on each hierarchy of primacy level, was investigated at each site to construct the validity of 'Privacy Model'. Total 67 sites were investigated by on.-site questionnaire in 3 types of outdoor spaces, (Park), (Campus), and (Garden) respectively. The major results are as follows; 1. The P7rivacy level of earth spaces, distributed from to in and . and (Groun Private> spaces are dominant In , spaces are dondnant 2, Privacy level, based on , showed higher privacy level than that of . This means the criteria of each privacy level should be modified for more specific space. The . could be derived from the (Activity Suitability) of each space. 3.The cognition of privacy level. by user group, showed no significant difference in dach group by sex, age, education, and job, respectively.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.101-104
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• 2016

Background: To protect the public from natural radioactive materials, the 'Act on safety control of radioactive rays around living environment" was established in Korea. There is an annual effective dose limit of 1 mSv for products, but the activity concentration limit for products is not established yet. Materials and Methods: To suggest the activity concentration limits for consumer goods containing NORM, in this research, we assumed the "small room model" surrounding the ICRP reference phantom to simulate the consumer goods in contact with the human bodies. Using the Monte Carlo code MCNPX, we evaluate the effective dose rate for the ICRP reference phantom in a small room with dimension of phantom size and derived the activity concentration limit for consumer goods. Results and Discussion: The consumer goods have about 1600, 1200 and $19000Bq{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ for $^{226}Ra$, $^{232}Th$ and $^{40}K$, and the activity concentration limits are about six times comparing with the values of building materials. We applied the index to real samples, though we did not consider radioactivity of $^{40}K$, indexes of the some samples are more than 6. However, this index concept using small room model is very conservative, for the consumer goods over than index 6, it is necessary to reevaluate the absorbed dose considering real usage scenario and material characteristics. Conclusion: In this research, we derived activity concentration limits for consumer goods in contact with bodies and the results can be used as preliminary screening tool for consumer goods as index concept.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 자가통증조절기를 사용하는 수술 후 환자를 위한 간호 활동 목록을 개발하는데 있다. 간호 활동 목록을 개발하기 위하여 본 연구의 첫 번째 단계에서는 문헌고찰 및 포커스 그룹 인터뷰를 이용한 간호 활동 목록을 개발하였고 두 번째 단계에서는 간호 활동의 중재 내용 타당도 조사를 시행하였다. 본 연구는 5명의 마취과 전문의와 6명의 성인 및 기본 간호학 교수, 1명의 급성통증관리 전문간호사를 대상으로 하였으며, 본 연구를 통하여 수술 후 자가통증조절기를 사용하는 환자를 위한 12개의 항목을 개발하였다. 중재 내용 타당도의 검증에서 모든 항목이 .92에서 1.0으로 타당하였다. 본 연구 결과는 수술 후 자가통증조절기를 사용하는 환자의 간호를 위한 간호 실무에 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.390-393
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• 1999

Transcolonic scintigraphy using $^{99m}Technetium$ pertechnetate ($^{99m}TcO_{4}$) was performed in 5 dogs with portosystemic shunts. In all dogs, the activity in the heart was seen before liver activity. Also time activity curve was revered. The mean shunt index in 5 dogs was 82.3% (range 79.6~87.1%). Transcolonic scintigraphy is quick, simple and useful diagnostic method for canine portosysternic shunts.