• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 1994

The relationships between microbial activity and physico-KDICical characteristics of soils were investigated in three golf courses of Kwanak, Gold and Korea Country Clubs, with different open years. The soil samples were collected in tee, fairway and rough. There were ranges of 4.80-5.55 in pH, $25.55-98.50{\mu}S$ / cm in conductivity, 10.96-16.73% in moisture content, 0.18-0.36g / g in water holding capacity, 3.68-5.39% in organic matter, and 0.10-0.25% in total nitrogen. Dehydrogenase activity(DHA) as an index of soil microbial activity was determined. DHA values of soil were $69.83-314.43{\mu}$g / g in three courses and showed the order of Kwanak>Gold>Korea Country Club with open year. This indicates that DHA was affected by several fertilizer treatments rather than herbicide and pesticide treatments. DHA was significantly different with golf clubs as well as golf courses and positively correlated with water holding capacity and total nitrogen.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.50-56
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• 2004

Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is used extensively in the plastic industry and has been known as an endocrine disruptor. Present study was undertaken to examine whether DBP can induce oxidative stress in mice. In this study, oxidative stress was measured in terms of the modification of lipid peroxidation and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity. The serum toxicity index, level of lipid peroxidation and triglyceride (TG), and activity of GGT were measured in male ICR mice after a single administration of DBP (5 g/kg, po). DBP did not alter serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, glucose and cholesterol level. However, the treatment with DBP was found to significantly increase the level of lipid peroxidation in liver and lung. The TG content and activity of GGT in the liver of DBP-exposed animals was also increased. These results indicate that DBP can induce mild oxidative stress in mice. The GGT activity is considered to be increased as one of the adaptive defense mechanisms to oxidative stress induced by DBP.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.459-464
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• 2019

This study aimed to identify and characterize the antimicrobial activity of prodigiosin produced by Serratia sp. $PDGS^{120915}$ isolated from stream water in Busan, Korea; the identification was performed using phonological, biochemical, and molecular techniques, including 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Prodigiosin from the bacterial culture was purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and its antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were evaluated against 10 intestinal pathogenic gram-positive and negative bacteria. The results revealed that the isolated prodigiosin exhibited high antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus; further, the isolated prodigiosin showed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) between $3{\mu}g/ml$ and 30 mg/ml, but they were not active against Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Escherichia coli. In conclusion, prodigiosin isolated from Serratia sp. $PDGS^{120915}$ showed high antimicrobial activity against intestinal pathogenic bacteria and has potential applications in the development of new antimicrobial agents.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.87-87
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• 2020

In this study, we investigated the immune-enhancing activity of water extracts from Hydrangea macrophylla subsp. serrata (WE-HML). WE-HML increased cell viability and production of immunomodulators, which contributed to activating phagocytic activity in RAW264.7 cells. Inhibition of JNK and NF-κB reduced the production of immunomodulators by WE-HML. ROS inhibition suppressed the production of immunomodulators, and the activation of JNK and NF-κB signaling by WE-HML. TLR4 inhibition attenuated the production of immunomodulators, and activation of JNK and NF-κB signaling by WE-HML. In the immunosuppressed mouse model, WE-HML increased the spleen index, the levels of the cytokines, the numbers of white blood cells, lymphocytes, and neutrophils. However, WE-HML inhibited LPS-mediated overproduction of pro-inflammatory mediators in RAW264.7 cells, which indicated that WE-HML may have anti-inflammatory activity under excessive inflammatory conditions. Taken together, WE-HML may be considered to have immune-enhancing activity and expected to be used as a potential immune-enhancing agent.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.53-67
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the level of physical activity and identify factors influencing physical activity of first and second year nursing students. The participants were 234 female first and second year nursing students at one nursing college located in U city. Data were collected from September 5 to 15 in 2016 and analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\breve{e}}$ test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression using SPSS/WIN 22.0. The average level of physical activity measured by the Korean version of the Godin-Shephard Liesure-Time Exercise Questionnaire was 9.09(range 0-80). According to the physical activity group classified by leisure score index, there were 25 students(10.7%) in the active group, 31 students (13.2%) in the moderately active group, and 178 students(76.1%) in the insufficiently active group. Factors influencing the level of physical activity were intention to participate in physical activity and habit to physical activity, which together explained 21.2% of the total variance in physical activity. Therefore, this study suggests that it is necessary to develop and apply a physical activity program enhancing intention and habit to physical activity for first and second year nursing students.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.647-686
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate selected nutrient intakes, dietary atherogenesity, energy balance and activity level of college students. One hundred and thirty onoe students (61 males and 70 females) made their three-day dietary records and one-day activity records along with one-day dietary records. BMI of the surveyed students was 22.33 for males and 20.28 for females. Average calorie intakes of male and female students was respectively 2166.20kcal and 1793.60kcal. Females had slightly higher fiber intakes than males in terms of fiber g/1000kcal. Carbohydrate, protein and fat ratios in energy composition of males and females were respectively 56.62 : 15.33 : 24.70 and 57.64 : 16.49 : 25.79. Average cholesterol intakes of male and female students were 295.66mg and 259mg respectively. The male showed higher saturated fat intake. and had higher atherogenic indices of diets such as cholesterol index(CI) and cholesterol-saturated fat index(CSI) than the female. Males spent an average of 1039.00 kcal/day compared to females of 687.93 kcal/day for all physical activities. Most students participated in light (100% of males and females) and moderate (33% of males and 3% of females) activities level. Few students spent time at severe and very severe activity level. Seventeen of the 131 students were in positive energy balance whereas 83% were in negative balance. Both genders with positive energy balance tended towards smaller weight and BMI, and larger food intakes than those with negative energy balance. Students with positive energy balance had higher saturated fat intakes and dietary atherogenic scores of CI and CSI than the counterparts with negative energy balance. Males with positive energy balance had decreased physical activity and daily energy expenditure whereas increased food and saturated fat intakes. Females with positive energy balance had singificantly increased food, saturated fat and sugar intakes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.107-116
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• 2020

There is only limited evidence for the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and mental health in Korea. This study examined the relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption and mental health according to physical activity among Korean adult women. Based on data of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014-2016), a total of 5,332 participants were included in this analysis. With increasing fruits and vegetables consumption, the prevalence of depressive mood was significantly decreased (p for trend=0.0248). The prevalence of stress perception (p for trend=0.0422) and the prevalence of depressive mood (p for trend=0.0300) were decreased with increasing fruit consumption. The prevalence of depressive mood was significantly decreased when fruit and vegetable consumption (p for trend=0.0370) and fruit consumption (p for trend=0.0356) were increased for those Korean women with low intensity of physical activity. For the obesity group (Body mass index 25 kg/㎡), the prevalence of depressive mood was decreased with increasing fruit and vegetable consumption (p for trend=0.0111) and increasing fruit consumption (p for trend=0.0165). In conclusion, fruit and vegetable consumption were associated with mental health according to physical activity among Korean adult women. Further prospective studies are warranted to explore the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and mental health among Korean adult women.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.263-273
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• 2022

Purpose: Translation and adaptation involve cross-cultural and conceptual aspects; they are not simply based on linguistic equivalence. This study aimed to produce a conceptually equivalent Korean version of the motor activity log (K-MAL) for the upper extremities that can be applied across the Korean population and its cultures. Methods: Following the procedures used in the translation of other cross-cultural evaluation tools, and the five steps of the translation process, the motor activity log (MAL) was translated into Korean (K-MAL). We then examined the content validity of the K-MAL. Twenty-two rehabilitation professionals (11 males and 11 females, mean length of clinical career = 101.54 months) assessed the content validity of the K-MAL. The content validity ratio and content validity index were used to verify the content validity. Results: There were inconsistencies found in three sub-items in the MAL during the forward translation process. These inconsistencies were corrected, and the complete K-MAL was produced. The exact critical values of the content validity ratio and the content validity index of the K-MAL were 0.45-0.95 and 0.77-1.00, respectively. Conclusion: The K-MAL was successfully developed using a systematic methodology, which included translation, adaptation, and evaluation of the content validity. We expect that stroke rehabilitation professionals working in both clinical and research settings will apply the K-MAL when evaluating the amount and quality of use of the upper extremities in post-stroke patients in Korea.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.893-903
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• 1995

This study was attempted to estimate seasonal variations of physical activity level, energy balance & body composition of 38 rural women, aged 31 to 67yrs in three seasons ; farming season(June), harvesting season(October), nonfarming season(February) Energy intake, energy expenditure and body composition were assessed using questionnaire, daily activity diary & bioelectrical impedance. The type of activities & the period of the spent on each activity were changed significantly with the seasons. Daily mean duration(min) of farming activity was significantly higher in June & October than in February(p<0.005) & daily mean energy expenditure for farming activity was significantly high in June & low inFebruary (p<0.005). Daily mean energy expenditure was 2892.9㎉ in June, 2487.4㎉ in October and 2130.9㎉ in February and changed significantly in three seasons(p<0.005). Daily mean energy intake was significantly higher in June(=1950.3㎉) & October (=1946.9㎉) than in February(=1423.3㎉)(p<0.005). According to RDA for koreans, the level of physical activity fell into exceptional activity category in June, heavy in October, moderate in February. Mean energy balance was negative in all seasons ; 0.682 in June, 0.812 in October and 0.698 in February. In three seasons mean body weight, mean obesity rate and mean body mass index(BMI) were not changed significantly. But there were significant seasonal variations in body fat(%) & lean body mass(LBM)(%). The mean percentage of body fat(%) was within normal range(24.44-24.79%) & the mean percentage of lean body mass(LBM)(%) representing long term physical activity was significantly higher in June(75.56%) & October(75.21%) & October (75.21%) than in February(72.75%)(p<0.05).

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.241-244
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• 2011

A lectin from the hemolymph of purse crab, Philyra pisum, was found to have anti-proliferative activity on human lung cancer cells by our laboratory. In this study, P. pisum lectin (PPL) was molecularly characterized including molecular mass, amino acid sequences, amino acid composition, and the effects of metal ions, temperature, and pH on the activity. We found that PPL showed mitogenic activity on human lymphocytes and BALB/c mouse splenocytes. The mitogenic activity (maximum stimulation index, $SI=9.57{\pm}0.59$) of PPL on human lymphocytes was higher than that of a standard well-known plant mitogen, concanavalin A (maximum $SI=8.80{\pm}0.59$). The mitogenic activity mediated by PPL is required for optimum dosing, and higher or lower concentrations caused decreases in mitogenic response. PPL also induced mitogenic activity on mouse splenocytes, however, the maximum SI ($1.77{\pm}0.09$) on mouse splenocytes of PPL was lower than that ($2.14{\pm}0.15$) of concanavalin A. In conclusion, PPL is a metal ion-dependent monomer lectin with mitogenic activity, and could be used as a lymphocyte or splenocyte stimulator.