• 대한가정학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2011

This study dealt with free play activities in the curricula of childcare centers in Daejeon area. 29 teachers from 21 day care centers were interviewed individually to obtain an understanding of teachers perceptions and conflicting views about play activity in the context of different day care curricula. The data were analysed qualitatively, using categorization and key word classification, frequency analyses and chi-squared tests. The results were as follows: (1) play-oriented curricula included sufficient play time and planned play activities in terms of the children's development. Children's freedom in play, optimum intercession by teachers, and interrelating activities between activity areas were included. In mixed curricula, children's freedoms were limited in many cases, and interrelating play between activity areas was hardly found. Formal lesson-oriented curricula resulted unplanned play activities and teachers' passive intercession of play. (2) Most teachers believed that play activities were more important to a child's development than formal lessons.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.1-17
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• 1992

This study was carried out to estimate the recreation carrying capacity of lawn areas in parks. Recreation carrying capacity in this study is composed of two parts, ecological carrying capacity and psychological carrying capacity. As the second part, this apper deals with the estimation of ecological carrying capacity based on user behavior. The study sites were located at Bomun Resort Complex in Kyungju, Korea. And the major species of the lawn areas was Zoysia japonica. The major results ar summarized as follows: 1. The mean numbers of user for the investigation days of peak season, were estimated as 792 people for the lawn area of Doturag World, and 588 people for Seorabul Plaza. The mean use time by user were 163 minutes and 197 minutes for each site. The weighted mean use time by each activity type(passive, active, and strolling) were estimated as 85 minutes, 45 minutes, and 50 minutes, respectively. 2. Forty kinds of diverse active recreation activities were classified into six types of activity categories. Male adults preferred "sports type" activities, whereas female adults and juveniles preferred "play type" activities. 3. Ecological carrying capacity for each level was estimated as 40.7㎡/man for optimum carrying capacity. And these values were calculated on the basis of total treading areas and treading time criteria for each carrying capacity level.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 1994

On the basis of morphological and functional studies, it is now established that there exist multiple motor representation areas in the frontal lobe of subhuman primates. Recent development of analysis on cerebral critical organization in human subjects, utilizing novel techniques of PET and MRI, provides evidence of corresponding motor areas. Each area has its unique sources of inputs from the thalamus and from other parts of the cerebral cortex. To understand functional roles of these multiple motor areas, it is necessary to study neural activity while subjects are performing a variety of motor tasks. In view of high accuracy in spatial and temporal resolution, the analysis of single cells in relation to specific aspects of motor behavior remains to be a powerful research technique. It is with this technique that a number of novel concepts on functional roles of multiple motor areas have been proposed.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.23-30
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• 1999

This study has been performed to analyze impacts of urban vs rural residence on later life. In this study, 329 Koreans aged 60 or more were interviewed for their current sociodemographic status and daily life styles. The results are drawn as follows: 1. There is no regional impact on birth order; rate of those born as the first child was not significantly different over regions. 2. For the household composition, the rate of three generations was significantly higher in rural areas than in urban areas. 3. More than 85% of the subjects lived in owned homes in rural areas, while 77% did in urban areas. 4. More than 89% of the subjects lived in single-structured homes in rural areas, while only 45% did in urban areas. The results indicate that in planning public housing for the aged, more social spaces accommodating grandchildren and ownership units need to be allocated for rural facilities. In addition, it is recommended that daily activity schedules need to be differentiated so that rural residents have meals and houseworks earlier than urban residents.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.191-198
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• 1998

Objectives: We performed an immunohistochemical study to examine the place of neovascularization in the tumorigenic process of follicular thyroid carcinoma and to determine whether tumor angiogenic activity in follicular carcinoma plays a role in tumor aggression. Materials & Methods: We studied 63 follicular thyroid carcinomas and compared with 22 follicular adenomas. The areas of capsular invasion, vascular invasion and cellular atypism of the tumor were confimed on H & E stains. The paraffin embedded tissues were stained by the use of monoclonal antibodies against Ag CD34. Microvesseles were counted in the area of highest vascular density at 200 times magnification. The microvessel densities(MVD) were analized in relation to histologic type and location of the tumors. Results: There were 59 minimal invasive types and 4 widely invasive types of carcinoma. In the histologic specimens of carcinomas, capsular invasion was identified in all the cases, vascular invasion in 46 and cellular atypism in 24. Mean values of the MVDs of the minimal invasive carcinomas, the widely invasive carcinomas and the adenomas were $263.8{\pm}69.2,\;256.l{\pm}49.3\;and\;241.5{\pm}159.4$, respectively and there was no significant difference between each group. In follicular carcinomas, there was a regional difference of the MVDs. The areas of tumor showing cellular atypism and adjacent to or penetrating the capsule, in which represents the tumorigenic process of carcinoma, had a higher rate of vascularization, than other areas of the tumor(p<0.05). However, these features were not noted in the follicular adenomas. Conclusion: Although there was no significant difference of the MVD between follicular carcinomas and adenomas, there was a regional difference of the MVD within the carcinomas and the values were significantly higher in the more malignant areas, as indicated by cellular atypism and capsular invasion. Therefore, tumor angiogenic activity measured by MVD may play a role in tumor aggression in follicular thyroid carcinoma.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.105-105
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• 2019

Dendropanax morbifera H.Lev is an evergreen tree that lives in subtropical climates. About 75 species of D. morbifera live in East Asia, but only one species live in Korea(Korean dendropanax). D. morbifera belonging to Aralicacae family 98% of D. morbifera are distributed in Jeollanam-do in the Korea and the grow wild in Gyeongsangnam-do and Jeju Island. The harvest time and usage of D. morbifera were recorded in traditional medicinal books. The roots and stems of D. morbifera had been used for traditional medicine to treat migraine, menstrual irregularity and skin disease. And D. morbifera leaves are contain flavonoids and polyacetylene compounds. In this study, we were investigated the physiological activity of D. morbifera by different areas collected at the same time, and compared to characteristics of plants. D. morbifera collected from Jeollanam-do (Goheung-gun), Gyeongsangnam-do (Namhae-gun) and Jeju Island, and dried at $50^{\circ}C$ for three days. We used dried D. morbifera powder for antioxidant tests. Each sample was extracted with hot water under the same conditions. The contents of total polyphenols and total flavonoids from D. morbifera were identified. Also, we performed to DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS cation radical scavenging activity and Superoxide anion scavenging activity efficacy for antioxidant activity determination. The contents of total polyphenols and total flavonoids in hot water extract of D. morbifera harvested from Gyeongsangnam-do and Jeollanam-do were higher than Jeju. However, D. morbifera harvested from Gyeongsangnam-do and Jeollanam-do showed no significant difference those content of total polyphenols and total flavonoids. And the antioxidant capacity was showed the similar patterns in antioxidant activity.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2008년도 International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.348-357
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• 2008

The classification of the effect of ionospheric disturbances on the radio occultation signal amplitude has been introduced based on an analysis of more than 2000 seances of radio occultation measurements per formed with the help of the CHAMP German satellite. The dependence of the histograms of variations in the radio occultation signal amplitude on the IMF variation index has been revealed. It has been indicated that it is possible to introduce the radio occultation index characterizing the relation between ionospheric disturbances and solar activity. An amplitude radio occultation (RO) method is proposed to study connection between the ionospheric and solar activity on a global scale. Sporadic amplitude scintillation observed in RO experiments contain important information concerning the seasonal, geographical, and temporal distributions of the ionospheric disturbances and depend on solar activity. The probability of strong RO amplitude variations (RO $S_4$ index greater than 0.2) in the CHAMP RO signals diminishes sharply with the weakening of solar activity from 2001 to 2008. The general number of RO events with strong amplitude variations can be used as an indicator of the ionospheric activity. We found that during 2001-2008 the daily globally averaged RO $S_{4a}$ index depends essentially on solar activity. The maximum occurred in January 2002, minimum has been observed in summer 2008. Different temporal behavoir of $S_{4a}$ index has been detected for polar (with latitude greater than $60^{\circ}$) and low latitude (moderate and equatorial) regions. For polar regions $S_{4a}$ index is slowly decreasing with solar activity. In the low latitude areas $S_{4a}$ index is sharply oscillating, depending on the solar ultraviolet emission variations. The different geographical behavoir of $S_{4a}$ index indicates different origin of ionospheric plasma disturbances in polar and low latitude areas. Origin of the plasma disturbances in the polar areas may be connected with influence of solar wind, the ultraviolet emission of the Sun may be the main cause of the ionospheric irregularities in the low latitude zone. Therefore, the $S_{4a}$ index of RO signal is important radio physical indicator of solar activity.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.42-62
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• 2011

Objective: This study was performed to investigate the effect of acupuncture at HT8 on brain activity in perimenopausal women using fMRI. Methods: 15 healthy perimenopausal women volunteered in the study. No stimulation, sham stimulation, duration of acupuncture treatment on HT8, and rotation of acupuncture treatment on HT8 were randomly given for 6 minutes, with 20 seconds' intervals. Results: 1. In comparison with sham stimulation(Sham-B) and duration of acupucture (S1-B, S1-Sham, S2-S1), the areas of fMRI signal activation areas were just like cases including no stimulation. But the areas of vision were activated in S1-Sham. 2. In comparison with duration of acupuncture(S1-B, S1-Sham, S2-S1) and rotation of acupuncture(S2-B, S2-Sham, S2-S1), the areas of vision were activated in duration of acupuncture, and Supplementary motor area(SMA) were especially activated in rotation of acupuncture. Conclusions: After using fMRI and analysing effect of acupuncture treatment at HT8, we could confirm that fMRI signal activation areas by acupuncture treatment at HT8 were different from areas by sham stimulation. And according to acupuncture stimulation methods with duration and rotation, etc, we could confirm the specific reactions of series, and could get useful basic data for research of acupuncture from now on.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.419-432
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• 2015

This paper examines the protective clothing satisfaction rate of riot policemen. The protective clothing currently in use is the version that underwent enhancement and was distributed in 2009. This version underwent significant enhancements compared to the protective clothing introduced in 1996 in terms of safety and body fitness; however, there is room for further enhancement in terms of activity, thermal comfort and easiness. In this research, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 386 riot policemen working at the Seoul Riot Police Station to study their use of protective clothing and satisfaction rate. The survey questions included safety, activity and body fitness in terms of functionality and comfort as well as easiness and design in terms of wearing comfort. Activity scored the lowest (2.89) in terms of functionality as well as comfort (2.40) that scored the lowest in terms of wearing comfort. It is concluded that, in order to correct deficiencies, the weight of protective clothing must be reduced and design changes must be made to eliminate unnecessary areas in clothing and facilitate faster dressing/undressing. In addition, it is strongly recommended that shock absorption materials be inserted only in vital areas in order to enhance thermal comfort.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.580-588
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine effects of decreased locomotor activity on mass, Type I and II fiber cross-sectional areas of ipsilateral and contralateral hindlimb muscles 21 days after establishing the Parkinson's disease rat model. Methods: The rat model was established by direct injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 50 ${mu}g$) into the left substantia nigra after stereotaxic surgery. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of two groups; the Parkinson's disease group (PD; n=17) and a sham group (S; n=8). Locomotor activity was assessed before and 21 days after the experiment. At 22 days after establishing the rat model, all rats were anesthetized and soleus and plantaris muscles were dissected from both ipsilateral and contralateral sides. The brain was dissected to identify dopaminergic neuronal death of substantia nigra in the PD group. Results: The PD group at 21 days after establishing the Parkinson's disease rat model showed significant decrease in locomotor activity compared with the S group. Weights and Type I and II fiber cross-sectional areas of the contralateral soleus muscle of the PD group were significantly lower than those of the S group. Conclusion: Contralateral soleus muscle atrophy occurs 21 days after establishing the Parkinson's disease rat model.