• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2004

Recently, a semi-active shock absorber has been taking interest because of its low cost and simple structure than the active one. CFD analysis has been conducted to investigate the continuous and variable damping characteristics of the semi-active shock absorber. Also, the flow resistance characteristics of a spool valve has been examined to identify individual parameters(namely, exponent and discharge coefficient) of pressure-flow rate relation needed for the accurate valve modeling. The flow field in the damping valve was simulated using the commercial code, CFX-5.3. The numerical results showed reasonable agreement with the experimental outputs. The pressure distribution with the variation of spool opening length and volume flow rate were discussed in detail. And the continuous and variable damping performance was found clearly. The individual parameters of spool valve were obtained as a function of orifice area. The exponent and discharge coefficient were fitted in with the first and the third polynomial respectively.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.126-133
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• 2009

This study investigated the removal characteristics of various micro organic compounds by low-pressure nanofiltration membranes comprised of disinfection by products and pharmaceutically active compounds. The experimental removal of micro organic compounds by low-pressure nanofiltration membranes was compared with the transport model calculations, which consist of diffusion and convection terms including steric hindrance factor. The selected molecule from the disinfection byproducts and pharmaceutical active compounds showed a much lower removal than polysac-charides with a similar molecular size. However,the difference between model calculation and experimental removal of disinfection by-products and pharmaceutically active compounds could be corrected. The correlation of Ks with solute radius was further considered to clarity transport phenomena of micro organic solutes through nanofiltration membranes.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2010

This study was performed to develop an active tire pressure control system that can adjust tire pressure to the optimum level according to traveling and working condition of agricultural tractor. For the development of active tire pressure control system, pneumatic supplier, solenoid valve block including pneumatic supply line, infinite rotation type pneumatic supplier with rotary joint unit, tire pressure transceiver module and control algorithm were developed. Also, tire simulator was developed. Using this tire simulator, the feasibility of each part constructing actual system was tested by checking the performance. The average communication success ratio was 98.3% between tire pressure transmitter and receiver module according to the various tire rotational speed and data receipt position of receiver module. The communication performance of the developed transmitter and receiver module was very stable in any condition. The tire pressure control system was accomplished by using the proportional control algorithm in this study. Also tire pressure control performance of developed control system was analyzed by using the tire simulator. As a result of control performance analysis to the developed system, the developed control system took 307 seconds to inflate agricultural tractor's tire from 50 kPa to 180 kPa. In opposite case, it took 210 seconds. Also it was able to control the tire pressure accurately under ${\pm}0.9%$ (FS) in any condition.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.337-342
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• 2018

Using a high pressure homonizer, we report on the electrochemical performance of $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}(LTO)$ particles manufactured as anode active material for lithium ion battery. High-pressure synthesis processing is performed under conditions in which the mole fraction of Li/Ti is 0.9, the synthesis pressure is 2,000 bar and the numbers of passings-through are 5, 7 and 10. The observed X-ray diffraction patterns show that pure LTO is manufactured when the number of passings-through is 10. It is found from scanning electron microscopy analysis that the average size of synthesized particles decreases as the number of passings-through increases. $LiCoO_2-based$ active cathode materials are used to fabricate several coin half/full cells and their battery characteristics such as lifetime, rate capability and charge transfer resistance are then estimated, revealing quite good electrochemical performance of the LTO particles as an effective anode active material for lithium secondary batteries.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.171-179
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• 2024

Gravity wall combined with anchoring frame beam is widely adopted to support a high slope under complex geomorphic condition, in which the rigid gravity wall is adopted as a lower structure and the flexible anchoring frame beam serves as an upper structure. The seismic anchor force and the seismic active earth pressure are two essential issues for the seismic design of combined retaining structure in high seismic intensity area. In this study, an analytical model of combined retaining structure is established based on the upper bound theorem of limit analysis, and the formulas for seismic anchor force and seismic active earth pressure of combined retaining structure are derived. The results are optimized by using the global optimization algorithm. The proposed method is verified by a comparison with previous method. Moreover, the influence of main parameters on seismic anchor force and seismic active earth pressure is analyzed to facilitate the seismic design of such combined retaining structure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.302-305
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• 2007

In recent years, many researches on new storage media with high capacity and information are developing. For manufacture of optical storage with high capacity, the injection molding process is generally used. In order to increase the filling ratio of the injection molding structure, the injection molding process required for high injection pressure, packing pressure and temperature control of the mold. However, conventional injection molding process is difficult to increase the filling ratio using injection master with the range of several nanometers and high aspect ratio. In order to improve and increase filling ratio of nano-structure with high aspect ratio, the active temperature control of injection mold was used. Experimental conditions were used injection pressure, time and temperature. Consequently, by using the peltier device into injection mold, we carried out the efficient and active temperature control of mold at low cost.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.91-96
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• 2009

The number of vehicles applied diesel engine are rapidly rising for fuel economy. Accompanying this trend, application of an after-treatment system is strictly required as a result of reinforced emission regulation. The Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) system is considered as the most efficient method to reduce particulate matter by car makers but also in retrofit market. In this paper we discussed the optimization of active regeneration timing by comparing the fuel consumption from back pressure caused by PM loading and from active regeneration. The effects of back pressure of DPFs during PM loading, active regeneration condition and engine emission(PM) on additional fuel consumption are experimentally investigated and the proper regeneration timings according to DPF systems and fuel loss for 160,000km are determined.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.161-171
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• 2020

In this paper, an experimental study was conducted on the compressive behavior of steel tube confined concrete (STCC) and concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns with active and passive confinement. To create active confinement in the STCC and CFST specimens, an innovative method was used in this study, in which by applying pressure on the fresh concrete, the steel tube was laterally pretensioned and the concrete core was compressed simultaneously. Of the benefits of this technique are improving the composite column behavior, without the use of additives and without the need for vibration, and achieving high prestressing levels. To achieve lower and higher prestressing levels, short and long term pressures were applied to the specimens, respectively. Nineteen STCC and CFST specimens in three groups of passive, short-term active, and long-term active confinement were subjected to axial compression, and their mechanical properties including the compressive strength, modulus of elasticity and axial strain were evaluated. The results showed that the proposed method of prestressing the STCC columns led to a significant increase in the compressive strength (about 60%), initial modulus of elasticity (about 130%) as well as a significant reduction in the axial strain (about 45%). In the CFST columns, the prestressing led to a considerable increase in the compressive strength, a small effect on the initial and secant modulus of elasticity and an increase in the axial strain (about 55%). Moreover, increased prestressing levels negligibly affected the compressive strength of STCCs and CFSTs but slightly increased the elastic modulus of STCCs and significantly decreased that of CFSTs.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.111-118
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• 1998

Surge pressure problem at the oil return line of the hydraulic circuit of an active suspension system for passenger cars was investigated by experiments and numerical analyses. In the numerical analyses, the method of characteristics was used for simulating unsteady flow in the hydraulic system and gas discrete model was adopted for estimating gas volume variation in separated liquid column. In the experiments and analyses, effects of the physical parameters of the accumlator on smoothing surge pressure was elucidated.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.71-81
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• 2008

Active earth pressure formula, which can consider the effects of ground surface inclination, inclination of inside retaining wall face, wall friction, line load, uniform load, soil cohesion and adhesion, was derived based on the force equilibrium principle. In order to verify the accuracy of this proposed formula, the calculated active earth pressures by the proposed formula were compared with those of graphical solutions. Also, the active earth pressures determined by the proposed formula were compared with those by Coulomb's, Rankine's and Mazindrani's solution under specific conditions. The results matched quite well not only with the graphical solutions but also with those by three other methods. Also, the trend of active earth pressures by the proposed formula were corresponded with results of experimental study by Fang, et al. It can be concluded that this generalized formula not only can overcome the limitations of Rankine's, Coulomb's and Mazindrani's active earth pressure formula but also can consider the external loading conditions.